JP6388219B2 - 患者の脊柱を支持するために設計された脊椎骨接合術器具に用いるロッドの理想的な湾曲を実現可能とする方法 - Google Patents

患者の脊柱を支持するために設計された脊椎骨接合術器具に用いるロッドの理想的な湾曲を実現可能とする方法 Download PDF

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JP6388219B2
JP6388219B2 JP2016516857A JP2016516857A JP6388219B2 JP 6388219 B2 JP6388219 B2 JP 6388219B2 JP 2016516857 A JP2016516857 A JP 2016516857A JP 2016516857 A JP2016516857 A JP 2016516857A JP 6388219 B2 JP6388219 B2 JP 6388219B2
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Description

本願発明は、患者の脊柱を矯正するために設計された脊椎骨接合術器具に用いるロッド(棒)の理想的な湾曲を提供可能とする方法に関する。
科学論文に記載されている所謂“骨盤”パラメータを参照して、患者の脊柱を分析することが知られている。添付の図1は、大腿骨頭TFに加えて、脊柱の基部、すなわち腰椎L及び仙骨Sの一部を、極めて図式的に示す;上記骨盤の基準は:水平面に対する平面S1(仙骨の第1椎骨)の傾斜角であるSS(仙骨の傾斜)基準;大腿骨頭TFの中心点及び平面S1の中心点を結ぶ直線部分並びに垂直線の為す角度であるPV(骨盤回転)基準;大腿骨頭TFの中心点及び平面S1の中心点を結ぶ直線部分並びに平面S1への垂線の為す角度であるPI(骨盤形態角)基準である。
特に、人の骨盤パラメータがその人の背中の形態型に一致する場合、その人は、痛みや他の病気を避けることのできる“経済的な”自然脊柱状態を採ることが認められている。骨盤パラメータが背中の形態型に一致しない場合には、一致する適切な状態に脊柱を戻すために、外科治療が検討されることがある。
椎弓根スクリューを用いて特定な金属により椎骨に固定される固い脊椎ロッドを用いたこの種の回復手法を採ることがよく知られている。かかる手法では、所望の矯正態様に合致する様な湾曲が得られるであろう。国際公開第1998/55038号(特許文献1)は、この種の器具を例示している。
真っすぐなロッドに適切な湾曲を付与することは、外科医にとって非常に難しく、程度の差こそあれ、ロッドの任意の位置において過度な湾曲となってしまうことが示されている。現在のところ、その様な湾曲は、外科医の自由な裁量によって為され、最近の経験や器用さに大きく依存する。適切な湾曲を得るために必要な試行錯誤(トライアル・アンド・エラー)は、患者にとって好ましくない手術時間の延伸という重大な問題を伴う。また、理想的でない湾曲を有するロッドを移植(インプラント)するというリスクは排除されていない。
本願発明は、上述した重要な問題点を解決することを目的とする。
(特許文献2)、(特許文献3)、及び(特許文献4)にも、上述した問題点を解決するのに十分な方法は、記載されていない。
国際公開第1998/55038号 国際公開第2004/017836 A2号 米国特許出願公開第2009/254326 A1号明細書 国際公開第2008/079546 A2号
上記目的を達成するため、本願発明に係る方法は、以下の工程(ステップ)を有する:
a)頸椎から大腿骨頭へ延在する、治療対象患者の脊柱の矢状術前X線写真を撮影する工程;
b)上記X線写真において、以下を特定する工程:
所謂“骨盤”パラメータ、すなわち、上記仙骨の傾斜、上記骨盤回転、及び上記骨盤形態角の算出を可能とする点及び直線部分、
S1として参照される、上記仙骨の第1椎骨の平面の中心点;
S2として参照される、上記仙骨の第2椎骨の中心点;
T12として参照される、基準胸椎、特に第12胸椎の下側平面の中心点;
C7として参照される、基準頸椎、特に第7頸椎の下側平面の中心点;
c)平面S1の中心点を始点とし、中心点S2から平面S1の中心点に向かう部分に接し、部分L5−L1の椎骨本体の中心点を通過し、上記基準胸椎の下側平面の中心点を終点とする第1曲線線分を、上記X線写真上に描写する工程;
d)上記基準胸椎の下側平面の中心点において第1曲線線分に接し、上記基準胸椎及び上記基準頸椎の間に延在する部分の椎骨本体の中心点を通過し、上記基準頸椎の下側平面の中心点に向かう第2曲線線分を、上記X線写真上に描写する工程;
e)上記X線写真において、上記脊柱に施すべき矯正を特定する工程;
f)上記脊柱に施すべき矯正が明らかになる様に、施すべき矯正に基づき、上記X線写真の部分を、上記X線写真の他の部分に対して、回転させる工程;
g)上記工程f)において施された矯正に基づき、上記第1及び第2の曲線線分を再計算し、上記X線写真上に、これらの曲線線分を描写する工程;
h)矯正すべき脊椎部分の長さを決定することにより、移植すべき各脊椎ロッドの長さを決定する工程;
i)上記脊椎部分の椎骨毎に、
上記椎骨本体の中心点から、上記椎骨の茎の後部面、すなわち、上記茎内の椎弓根スクリューの受入面までの距離を、上記X線写真上に読み出すか;あるいは、特に、患者の年齢、性別、サイズに基づく、問題のある患者のタイプ別に、上記距離の椎骨毎の平均値を含む、事前に統計的に構築されたデータバンク内の上記距離を読み出すかの工程;
j)上記X線写真上において、上記工程g)にて特定され、上記工程h)にて決定された矯正すべき脊椎部分上及び上記工程i)にて読み出された上記距離上に延在する矢状湾曲部分を、上記椎骨毎に移動すると共に、該移動後の位置における上記矢状湾曲部分の湾曲を再計算する工程;
k)上記工程j)にて再計算された、上記移動後の位置における上記矢状湾曲部分の形状に応じて、真っすぐな脊椎ロッドを湾曲させる工程。
従って、本願発明に係る方法によれば、真っすぐなロッドに対して、適切な湾曲を付与し、施すべき矯正に十分に適合するロッドを容易に得ることができる。
好ましくは、上述の方法は、以下の工程も有する:
−上記治療対象患者の脊柱の前部のX線写真を撮影する工程;
−上記X線写真において、上記前頭面にて湾曲する脊柱の1つ以上の潜在部分を特定すると共に、真っすぐにすべきこれらの湾曲部分毎に、上記湾曲部分の始点である、上記椎骨上の基準点、及び上記湾曲部分の終点である、上記椎骨上の基準点を定義する工程;
−上記湾曲部分において特定される基準点間に延在する部分の長さを、上記湾曲部分毎に測定する工程;
−上述の矢状X線写真において、これら同一の椎骨上の同一の基準点を特定し、上記矢状湾曲部分上の対応点を特定する工程;
−上記対応点間に延在する、上記矢状湾曲部分上の部分の長さが、上記基準点間に延在する部分の長さと等しくなり、その結果として、上記前頭面内の脊柱の矯正に伴う脊柱の伸長を考慮に入れた矢状湾曲部分を再計算することができる様に、上記矢状湾曲部分上の部分を相似伸張する工程。
好ましくは、上記工程e)における施すべき矯正の特定は、矯正された腰椎湾曲を得るために、1つ以上の腰椎の平板上で施すべき後部骨切り術の特定、あるいは、上記腰椎湾曲と同一の矯正された腰椎湾曲を得るために、椎骨の椎間腔に挿入されるべき1つ以上の移植脊椎の形状の特定、特に、該移植脊椎の有するべきくさび形状の角部分の特定の何れか一方を含む。
好ましくは、上述の方法は、上記工程j)の後に、製造すべきロッドに関するデータを、該ロッドの湾曲を形成する責任を担うサービス提供者に送る工程を含む。
この様に、本願発明に係る方法を用いて、移植すべきロッドの形状を特定した施術者は、製造すべきロッドに関するデータを、該ロッドの湾曲を形成する責任を担うサービス提供者に対し、送信する。上記湾曲が形成されると、サービス提供者は、該湾曲を有するロッドを、上記施術者に配送する。これにより、該施術者は、移植のために用意された患者用の脊椎ロッドを用いて、該患者に手術を施すことができる様になる。
課題のある方法とは異なる工程を、限定しない実施例として概略的に示す添付の図面を参照することで、本願発明の特徴及びその効果が明らかとなり、本願発明は、よりよく理解されるであろう。
図1は、大腿骨頭TFに加えて、脊柱の基部、すなわち腰椎L及び仙骨Sの一部を、極めて図式的に示す図である; 図2は、腰椎前彎LL、問題となっている一連の椎骨S2〜L5、大腿骨頭TF、平面S1の中心点、及び図1を参照して上述した骨盤の基準SS、PV、PIに言及する、X線写真上の脊柱CVを極めて概略的に示す図である; 図3は、S2として参照される、仙骨の第2椎骨の中心点を示す、図2に類似する図である; 図4は、T12として参照される、第12胸椎の下側平面の中心点を示す、図3に類似する図である; 図5は、C7として参照される、第7頸椎の下側平面の中心点を示す、図4に類似する図である; 図6は、第1曲線線分SC1及び第2曲線線分SC2を更に示す、図5に類似する図である; 図7は、椎骨L4、L5(第4及び第5腰椎)の上側平面及び後部側に施されるべき骨切り術O1、O2を更に示す、図6に類似する図である; 図8は、図7において対応する部分を各々の位置において回転させた(部分P1については反時計方向、部分P2については時計方向)、X線写真において枠によって区切られた2つの部分P1、P2を示す、図7に類似する図である;部分P1、P2の新たな位置は、施されるべき骨切り術O1、O2により可能となる矯正後の腰椎湾曲により可能となる、矯正された脊柱CVの位置である;この図8は、図8の示す矯正後の脊柱上に、図7の示す矯正前の脊柱を薄い破線により描き、重ねて表示することにより、施される矯正を示すことを目的とする; 図9は、上記椎骨本体の中心点から上記椎骨の茎の後部面に向かう、椎骨L5〜T12毎の距離DL5〜DT12の各々を、破線により示す、図8に類似する図である; 図10は、上記脊柱に所望の矯正を施すために脊椎ロッドに付与されるべき湾曲に対応する矢状湾曲部分SCを示す、図9に類似する図である; 図11は、左側の図が、矢状湾曲部分SCから確立される、得られるべき湾曲後の脊椎ロッドの平面図であり、右側の図が、平面Pから得られる、湾曲後の脊椎ロッドTVの図である; 図12は、左側の図が、治療対象患者の脊柱の前部のX線写真RFの部分図であり、右側の図が、基準点PCが特定された上記矢状湾曲部分SCの側面図である; 図13は、上記矢状湾曲部分SCの部分の伸長後に得られる、再計算後の矢状湾曲部分SCRを示す図である。
図2〜図11は、上記脊柱の矯正を実行することにより患者の脊柱を矯正するために設計された脊椎骨接合術器具の一部である脊椎ロッドTVに対して、理想的な湾曲を付与することのできる方法を例示する。かかる方法は、以下の一連の工程を含む:
図2:頸椎から大腿骨頭へ延在する、治療対象患者の脊柱の矢状術前X線写真RSを撮影し、上記X線写真RSにおいて以下を特定する工程:
LL:施術対象の脊椎部分;
L1、L2、L3、L4、L5、S1、S2、T12、C7:それぞれ、第1、第2、第3、第4、及び第5の腰椎、上記仙骨の第1及び第2の椎骨、第12胸椎、並びに第7頸椎に対応;
SS、PV、PI:上述した骨盤の基準;
TF: 図2において、円により示される大腿骨頭;
並びに、ドットにより、平面S1の中心点を特定する工程。
図3:X線写真RS上において、S2の平板の中心点を、ドットにより特定する工程。
図4:X線写真RS上において、T12の下側平面の中心点を、ドットにより特定する工程。
図5:X線写真RS上において、C7の下側平面の中心点を、ドットにより特定する工程。
図6:上記X線写真RS上に、第1及び第2の曲線線分SC1、SC2を描写する工程;第1曲線線分SC1は、平面S1の中心点を始点とし、中心点S2から平面S1の中心点に向かう部分に接し、部分L5−L1の椎骨本体の中心点を通過し、T12の下側平面の中心点を終点とする;第2曲線線分SC2は、T12の下側平面の中心点において第1曲線線分SC1に接し、部分T11〜C6の椎骨本体の中心点を通過し、C7の下側平面の中心点に向かう。
図7:上記X線写真RSにおいて、上記脊柱に施すべき矯正を特定する工程、特に、矯正された腰椎湾曲を得るために為されるべき骨切り術O1、O2を特定する工程;図示された実施例では、L4の上側平面に対して10°の骨切り術O1を施し、かつ、L5の上側平面に対して10°の骨切り術O2を施すことが決定される。
図8:施されるべき骨切り術O1、O2に基づき、上記X線写真RSの部分P1、P2を、上記X線写真RSの残り部分に対して、回転させる工程;図示された実施例では、部分P1は、L4が位置するX線写真上の部分(骨切り術O2により形成された角部分)に対して、反時計方向に10°回転し、部分P2は、L4が位置するX線写真上の部分(骨切り術O1により形成された角部分)に対して、時計方向に10°回転する。その後、上記第1及び第2の曲線線分SC1、SC2は、施された矯正に基づき、再計算され、上記X線写真RS上に示される。
図9:矯正すべき脊椎部分の長さが(目前の例では、L5〜T12において)決定され、これにより、移植すべき各脊椎ロッドTVの長さを決定することが可能となる工程;上記椎骨本体の中心点から、上記椎骨の茎の後部面、すなわち、上記茎内の椎弓根スクリューの受入面までの各距離DL5〜DT12が、上記脊椎部分の椎骨毎に、決定される;これらの距離DL5〜DT12は、上記X線写真RS上において読み出されるか、あるいは、特に、患者の年齢、性別、サイズに基づく、問題のある患者のタイプ別に、上記距離の椎骨毎の平均値を含む、事前に統計的に構築されたデータバンク内において読み出される;
図10:その後、上記X線写真RSの各距離DL5〜DT12上において、上記曲線線分の移動を実行し、該移動後の位置において、上記曲線線分の湾曲を再計算する工程。
図11:使用すべき脊椎ロッドTVの直径が、上記問題のある患者に応じて決定された後、真っすぐな脊椎ロッドに対する湾曲、特に冷間曲げにより、脊椎ロッドTVを作成するための、該ロッドの湾曲平面Pが形成される。
図12、図13は、上述の方法が含むことのできる以下の工程を示す:
図12:
−上記治療対象患者の脊柱CVの前部のX線写真RFも撮影する工程;
−上記X線写真RFにおいて、上記前頭面にて湾曲する故に矯正すべき脊柱CVの1つ以上の潜在部分を特定すると共に、上記湾曲部分の始まる上記椎骨本体の中心点を基準点PRDに特定し、上記湾曲部分の終わる上記椎骨本体の中心点を基準点PRFに特定する工程;
−上記基準点PRD、PRF間に延在する曲線線分の長さを測定する工程;
−上述の矢状X線写真RSにおいて、これら同一の椎骨上の同一の基準点PRD、PRFを特定し、矢状湾曲部分SC上の対応点PCを特定する工程;
−上記対応点PC間に延在する、上記矢状湾曲部分SC上の部分の長さが、上記基準点PRD、PRFを隔てる部分の長さと等しくなる様に、上記矢状湾曲部分SC上の部分を相似伸張する工程。
図13:その結果として、上記前頭面内の脊柱の矯正に伴う脊柱の伸長を考慮に入れた、再計算後の矢状湾曲部分SCRが得られる。
従って、本願発明に係る方法によれば、患者の脊柱を矯正するために設計された脊椎骨接合術器具のためのロッドに、理想的な湾曲を付与することができる、という顕著な効果が得られる。

Claims (7)

  1. 患者の脊柱を矯正するために設計された脊椎骨接合術器具のためのロッドの湾曲を製造する方法であって
    頸椎から大腿骨頭へ延在する、患者の脊柱の矢状術前X線写真を分析する工程であって、前記X線写真において仙骨の第1椎骨の平面の中心点、仙骨の第2椎骨の中心点、第12胸椎の下側平面の中心点、第7頸椎の下側平面の中心点を特定することにより前記矢状術前X線写真が分析される工程;
    前記第1椎骨の平面の中心点を始点とする第一曲線線分を前記X線写真上に描写する工程であって、前記第一曲線線分は、前記第2椎骨の中心点から前記第1椎骨の平面の中心点に向かう部分に接し、部分L5−L1の椎骨本体の中心点を通過し、前記第12胸椎の下側平面の中心点を終点とする工程;
    前記第12胸椎の下側平面の中心点において第1曲線線分に接し、前記第12胸椎及び前記第7頸椎の間に延在する部分の椎骨本体の中心点を通過し、前記第7頸椎の下側平面の中心点に向かう第2曲線線分を、前記X線写真上に描写する工程;
    前記X線写真において、前記脊柱に施すべき1つ以上の矯正を特定する工程;
    前記脊柱に施すべき前記1つ以上の矯正が明らかになる様に、施すべき前記1つ以上の矯正に少なくとも部分的に基づき、前記X線写真の1つ以上の部分を、前記X線写真の1つ以上の他の部分に対して、回転させる工程;
    前記1つ以上の矯正に基づき、前記第1及び第2の曲線線分を再計算し、前記X線写真上に、前記再計算された第1及び第2の曲線線分を描写する工程;
    移植すべき脊椎ロッドの長さに相当する、矯正すべき脊椎部分の長さを決定する工程;
    前記脊椎部分の椎骨毎に:
    前記椎骨本体の中心点から前記椎骨の椎弓根内の椎弓根スクリューの受入面までの距離を、前記X線写真から決定する工程;または、患者の年齢、性別、サイズに基づく、患者のタイプ別に、前記距離の椎骨毎の平均値を含む、事前に統計的に構築されたデータバンクから前記距離を得る工程;
    前記X線写真上において、前記矯正すべき脊椎部分上に延在する前記再計算された第1及び第2の曲線線分を、椎骨毎に前記距離上において移動し、移動後の位置における前記脊椎部分の湾曲を決定する工程;
    前記移動後の位置における前記脊椎部分の前記湾曲の形状に少なくとも部分的に基づいて、真っすぐな脊椎ロッドから前記ロッドの湾曲を製造するための指示データを生成する工程であって、生成された前記指示データが、前記ロッドを製造するための製造装置により使用されるよう構成される工程
    の各工程を含むことを特徴とする方法。
  2. 患者の脊柱の前部のX線写真において、前頭面にて湾曲する脊柱の1つ以上の部分を特定することにより、前記患者の脊柱の前部のX線写真を分析し、前記前頭面にて湾曲する1つ以上の部分毎に、前記部分の始点である、椎骨上の第1の基準点、及び前記部分の終点である、椎骨上の第2の基準点を定義する工程;
    前記第1及び第2の基準点間に延在する部分の長さを、前記前頭面にて湾曲する1つ以上の部分毎に測定する工程;
    前記矢状X線写真において、前記一つ以上の部分毎に前記第1及び第2の基準点を特定し、前記矢状X線写真における第1の対応点及び第2の対応点を特定する工程;
    前記矢状X線写真において、前記第1の対応点及び前記第2の対応点の間に延在する部分を相似伸張し、前記前部のX線写真における前記第1の基準点及び前記第2の基準点との間の長さと実質的に同一である長さにすることにより、前記矢状X線写真において再調整された第一の曲線線分及び再調整された第2の曲線線分を得る工程
    を更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
  3. 前記脊柱に施すべき1つ以上の矯正を特定することが、矯正された腰椎湾曲を得るために1つ以上の腰椎の1つ以上の平板上で施すべき1つ以上の後部骨切り術を特定することを含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
  4. 前記1つ以上の後部骨切り術がL4の上側平面またはL5の上側平面のうちの一つ以上において施される、請求項3に記載の方法。
  5. 前記脊柱に施すべき1つ以上の矯正を特定することが、矯正された腰椎湾曲を得るために腰椎の1つ以上の椎間腔に挿入されるべき1つ以上の移植脊椎の形状を決定することを含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
  6. 決定された前記1つ以上の移植脊椎の形状が、前記1つ以上の移植脊椎のくさび形状の角部分を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
  7. 前記ロッドを製造するよう構成される製造装置に指示データを送る工程を更に含む、請求項1〜のうち何れか一項に記載の方法。
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