JP6386546B2 - レジストパターン形成方法およびレジスト材料 - Google Patents
レジストパターン形成方法およびレジスト材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6386546B2 JP6386546B2 JP2016521152A JP2016521152A JP6386546B2 JP 6386546 B2 JP6386546 B2 JP 6386546B2 JP 2016521152 A JP2016521152 A JP 2016521152A JP 2016521152 A JP2016521152 A JP 2016521152A JP 6386546 B2 JP6386546 B2 JP 6386546B2
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- Prior art keywords
- acid
- sensitizer
- exposure
- resist
- pattern
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 87
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 438
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 178
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000002292 Radical scavenging effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007261 regionalization Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 231100000489 sensitizer Toxicity 0.000 claims 17
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 84
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 55
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 42
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 30
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 27
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 14
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- ZODAOVNETBTTJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-methoxyphenyl)methanol Chemical class C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(O)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 ZODAOVNETBTTJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 4
- XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-O dicyclohexylazanium Chemical compound C1CCCCC1[NH2+]C1CCCCC1 XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 4
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 acetal compound Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002373 hemiacetals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000005839 radical cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical class I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JGTNAGYHADQMCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluorobutanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F JGTNAGYHADQMCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006552 photochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 2
- JLOAJDBBKVIKCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-methoxy-phenylmethanol Chemical compound COC=1C(=C(C(C2=CC=CC=C2)(O)OC)C=CC=1)OC JLOAJDBBKVIKCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEPVMSGRPPGOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[dimethoxy-(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COc1ccc(cc1)C(OC)(OC)c1ccc(OC)cc1 FEPVMSGRPPGOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZFZQYNTEZSWCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dibutyl-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC(C)=CC(CCCC)=C1O LZFZQYNTEZSWCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZWDNVDDEDBXBMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-9-ylmethyl n,n-diethylcarbamate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(COC(=O)N(CC)CC)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=CC2=C1 ZWDNVDDEDBXBMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007697 cis-trans-isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-O cyclohexylammonium Chemical compound [NH3+]C1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OZLBDYMWFAHSOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyliodanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[I+]C1=CC=CC=C1 OZLBDYMWFAHSOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007687 exposure technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-O hexylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCC[NH3+] BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dioctyloctan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC XTAZYLNFDRKIHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- WLOQLWBIJZDHET-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylsulfonium Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[S+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 WLOQLWBIJZDHET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012953 triphenylsulfonium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/039—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/2022—Multi-step exposure, e.g. hybrid; backside exposure; blanket exposure, e.g. for image reversal; edge exposure, e.g. for edge bead removal; corrective exposure
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/0002—Lithographic processes using patterning methods other than those involving the exposure to radiation, e.g. by stamping
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/0045—Photosensitive materials with organic non-macromolecular light-sensitive compounds not otherwise provided for, e.g. dissolution inhibitors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/09—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers
- G03F7/11—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers having cover layers or intermediate layers, e.g. subbing layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/16—Coating processes; Apparatus therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/2002—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image
- G03F7/2004—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image characterised by the use of a particular light source, e.g. fluorescent lamps or deep UV light
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/2051—Exposure without an original mask, e.g. using a programmed deflection of a point source, by scanning, by drawing with a light beam, using an addressed light or corpuscular source
- G03F7/2059—Exposure without an original mask, e.g. using a programmed deflection of a point source, by scanning, by drawing with a light beam, using an addressed light or corpuscular source using a scanning corpuscular radiation beam, e.g. an electron beam
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/38—Treatment before imagewise removal, e.g. prebaking
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/0271—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
- H01L21/0273—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers characterised by the treatment of photoresist layers
- H01L21/0274—Photolithographic processes
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
- Materials For Photolithography (AREA)
- Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
- Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)
Description
σLWR ∝ σm/dm/dx
ここで、σは標準偏差値、mは反応前の物質濃度で規格化した反応後の化学物質の濃度、xはレジスト層の位置、dm/dxは化学勾配を示す。フォトン数が少なくなると、反応のばらつきが大きくなるのでσmは大きくなるが、本実施形態では化学勾配dm/dxを非常に大きくできるので、σmが大きくても、LWRの標準偏差値を小さくできる。
(1)パターン露光L1のビーム強度分布とほぼ同一の濃度分布を有する増感体Psを生成するためには、パターン露光L1により、増感体前駆体Ppを直接イオン化するか、励起させて増感体前駆体Ppを分解および/または異性化させて増感体Psを生成することが好ましい。このように、増感体前駆体Ppの直接イオン化または励起によって増感体Psを生成することが好ましい。
(2)パターン露光L1によってレジスト層10内に生成した熱化電子が増感体前駆体Ppと反応して増感体Psを直接的に生成する場合、パターン露光L1の照射によって生成されたイオン化生成物の濃度分布はパターン露光L1のビーム強度分布とほぼ同一である。しかしながら、イオン化生物から発生した電子の熱化距離は数nmであり、また、熱化電子と増感体前駆体Ppとの反応頻度は増感体前駆体Ppの濃度に依存するが、この反応距離は通常数nmである。したがって、イオン化生成物を介して生成された増感体Psの濃度分布はパターン露光L1のビームの強度分布よりも若干広がることになる。
(3)パターン露光L1によって、酸発生剤PAGから酸Acおよび/またはラジカルが生成し、酸Acおよび/またはラジカルが増感体前駆体Ppと反応して増感体Psを生成する。この場合、酸Acおよび/またはラジカルは、パターン露光L1の照射によって生成されたイオン生成物から数nm離れた地点で生成する。酸Acおよび/またはラジカルと増感体前駆体Ppとの反応は増感体前駆体Ppの濃度に依存するが、反応距離は数nmであるので、増感体Psの濃度分布はパターン露光L1のビーム強度の分布よりもやや広がることになる。
(4)フラッド露光ステップにおいて、フラッド露光L2によって励起された増感体Psが酸発生剤PAGと反応して酸Acおよび/またはラジカルを生成し、酸Acおよび/またはラジカルが増感体前駆体Ppと反応して増感体Psを生成する。励起した増感体Psと酸発生剤PAGが反応して酸Acおよび/またはラジカルを生成する反応は、励起した増感体Psから酸発生剤PAGへの電子移動またはエネルギー移動であり、3次元空間での距離依存性の強いほぼ等方的な反応で開始するため、酸Acおよび/またはラジカルは励起した増感体Psを中心に球状に生成する。一方、生成した酸Acおよび/またはラジカルと増感体前駆体Ppとの反応によって増感体Psを生成する反応は、酸Acおよび/またはラジカルの熱拡散・衝突によって起こるので、酸やラジカルのランダムな拡散軌道に沿って生成する。
(5)3次元等方性の高い励起した増感体Psから酸発生剤PAGへの電子移動またはエネルギー移動反応による酸生成反応が効率よく起こるように励起した増感体Psと酸発生剤PAGを選択し、酸発生剤PAGの濃度を高くすることが好ましい。また、酸Acおよび/またはラジカルのランダムな拡散軌道に沿った反応よりも、3次元等方性の高い電子移動、エネルギー移動反応による酸生成反応の比率を大きくすることがラフネスやフォトンショットノイズに起因するラフネスを低減する上で有効である。
Claims (24)
- 基板に、ベース樹脂、増感体前駆体、酸発生剤および塩基発生剤を含有するレジスト層を形成するレジスト層形成ステップと、
前記レジスト層にパターン露光を行い、前記増感体前駆体から増感体を生成するパターン露光ステップと、
前記パターン露光の後、前記増感体の生成された前記レジスト層にフラッド露光を行い、前記酸発生剤から酸を発生させ、前記塩基発生剤から塩基を発生させるフラッド露光ステップと、
前記フラッド露光の後、前記レジスト層を現像する現像ステップとを含有する、レジストパターン形成方法。 - 前記フラッド露光ステップは、
前記増感体を励起させ、前記励起した増感体と前記酸発生剤との反応から前記酸を発生させる第1フラッド露光を行う第1フラッド露光ステップと、
前記塩基発生剤から前記塩基を発生させる第2フラッド露光を行う第2フラッド露光ステップと
を含む、請求項1に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。 - 前記パターン露光ステップにおいて、前記パターン露光により、前記増感体前駆体の構造変換によって前記増感体を生成するか、または、前記レジスト層内で生成された電子と前記増感体前駆体との反応によって前記増感体を生成する、請求項1または2に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 前記パターン露光ステップにおいて、前記増感体は、前記パターン露光により、前記酸発生剤から発生させた酸を前記増感体前駆体と反応させることによって生成され、
前記フラッド露光ステップにおいて、前記酸は、前記フラッド露光により、前記増感体の励起を介して前記酸発生剤から発生する、請求項1または2に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。 - 前記パターン露光ステップにおいて、前記増感体は、前記酸の拡散に伴って生成される、請求項4に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 前記パターン露光ステップにおいて、前記増感体前駆体は、前記酸発生剤から前記酸を発生させる反応に対する増感作用を有する、請求項4または5に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 前記レジスト層形成ステップにおいて、前記レジスト層は、塩基成分を含有する、請求項4から6のいずれかに記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 前記パターン露光ステップにおいて、前記酸は前記塩基成分と反応して前記酸発生剤を新たに生成する、請求項7に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 前記パターン露光ステップにおいて、前記酸は前記塩基成分と反応して前記酸発生剤とは異なる酸発生剤を生成する、請求項7に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 前記パターン露光ステップにおいて、前記塩基成分は、前記パターン露光によって分解する、請求項7から9のいずれかに記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 前記レジスト層形成ステップにおいて、前記レジスト層は、塩基成分を含有し、
前記パターン露光ステップおよび前記第1フラッド露光ステップのうちの少なくとも一方において、前記塩基成分は、前記パターン露光または前記第1フラッド露光のうちの少なくとも一方によって分解する、請求項2に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。 - 前記フラッド露光ステップにおいて、前記増感体は前記フラッド露光によって励起し、前記塩基成分は前記励起した増感体によって分解される、請求項7から11のいずれかに記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 前記レジスト層形成ステップにおいて、前記レジスト層は、ラジカル発生成分を含有し、
前記パターン露光ステップにおいて、前記増感体は、前記パターン露光により、前記ラジカル発生成分から発生させたラジカルを介して前記増感体前駆体から生成される、請求項1から12のいずれかに記載のレジストパターン形成方法。 - 前記パターン露光ステップにおいて、前記増感体は、前記ラジカルの拡散に伴って生成される、請求項13に記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 前記フラッド露光ステップにおいて、前記酸は、前記増感体の励起状態から前記酸発生剤への電子移動および/またはエネルギー移動に伴って生成される、請求項1から14のいずれかに記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 前記フラッド露光ステップにおいて、前記レジスト層のうちの前記パターン露光および前記フラッド露光の両方の行われた領域にわたって前記酸の濃度はほぼ一定のピークを有する、請求項1から15のいずれかに記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 前記フラッド露光ステップにおいて、前記レジスト層のうちの前記フラッド露光が行われ、かつ、前記パターン露光の行われなかった領域にわたって前記塩基の濃度はほぼ一定のピークを有する、請求項1から16のいずれかに記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 前記フラッド露光ステップの後、前記レジスト層をポジ型とネガ型との間で反転させる変質処理を行う変質ステップをさらに包含する、請求項1から17のいずれかに記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 前記レジスト層を形成するステップにおいて、前記レジスト層は非化学増幅型である、請求項1から18のいずれかに記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 前記レジスト層と前記基板との間に位置する下地層を形成する下地層形成ステップをさらに包含する、請求項1から19のいずれかに記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- 前記レジスト層の上にトップコートを形成するトップコート形成ステップをさらに包含する、請求項1から20のいずれかに記載のレジストパターン形成方法。
- ベース樹脂、増感体前駆体、光酸発生剤および光塩基発生剤を含有するレジスト組成物を含むレジスト材料。
- 前記レジスト組成物は、塩基成分を含有する、請求項22に記載のレジスト材料。
- 前記レジスト組成物は、ラジカル捕捉成分を含有する、請求項22または23に記載のレジスト材料。
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