JP6375301B2 - 液滴界面 - Google Patents
液滴界面 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6375301B2 JP6375301B2 JP2015538569A JP2015538569A JP6375301B2 JP 6375301 B2 JP6375301 B2 JP 6375301B2 JP 2015538569 A JP2015538569 A JP 2015538569A JP 2015538569 A JP2015538569 A JP 2015538569A JP 6375301 B2 JP6375301 B2 JP 6375301B2
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- 125000005641 methacryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000011987 methylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNXBKJFUJUWOCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclopropane Chemical compound CC1CC1 VNXBKJFUJUWOCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010369 molecular cloning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001293 nucleolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002751 oligonucleotide probe Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004043 oxo group Chemical group O=* 0.000 description 1
- CFJYNSNXFXLKNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-menthane Chemical compound CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1 CFJYNSNXFXLKNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000002972 pentoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005003 perfluorobutyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005004 perfluoroethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005005 perfluorohexyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005007 perfluorooctyl group Chemical group FC(C(C(C(C(C(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005008 perfluoropentyl group Chemical group FC(C(C(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005009 perfluoropropyl group Chemical group FC(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 108091005706 peripheral membrane proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000008177 pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000286 phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004850 phospholanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008300 phosphoramidites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VBQCHPIMZGQLAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorane Chemical class [PH5] VBQCHPIMZGQLAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008832 photodamage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001178 poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(2-methyloxazoline) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930001119 polyketide Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000000830 polyketide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000005373 porous glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003135 prenol lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003212 purines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VTGOHKSTWXHQJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimidin-2-ol Chemical compound OC1=NC=CC=N1 VTGOHKSTWXHQJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 101150056906 recJ gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010188 recombinant method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007717 redox polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003362 replicative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002336 ribonucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002652 ribonucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 102220198221 rs1057519921 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102220278254 rs1554096653 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102220036433 rs35389822 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102200076325 rs5658 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102220188881 rs747642461 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102220158369 rs886047453 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003313 saccharo lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 101150072534 sbcB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000003708 skin melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000003408 sphingolipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000003702 sterols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035892 strand transfer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011191 terminal modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940113082 thymine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- DCGLONGLPGISNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(prop-1-ynyl)silane Chemical compound CC#C[Si](C)(C)C DCGLONGLPGISNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940035893 uracil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DRTQHJPVMGBUCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N uracil arabinoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(CO)OC1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C=C1 DRTQHJPVMGBUCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940045145 uridine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150097442 xthA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
- G01N33/48707—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material by electrical means
- G01N33/48721—Investigating individual macromolecules, e.g. by translocation through nanopores
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0023—Organic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes
-
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/122—Separate manufacturing of ultra-thin membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/26—Polyalkenes
- B01D71/261—Polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/26—Polyalkenes
- B01D71/262—Polypropylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/70—Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/70—Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/701—Polydimethylsiloxane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/76—Macromolecular material not specifically provided for in a single one of groups B01D71/08 - B01D71/74
- B01D71/80—Block polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6869—Methods for sequencing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/38—Hydrophobic membranes
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- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
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- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/14—Heterocyclic carbon compound [i.e., O, S, N, Se, Te, as only ring hetero atom]
- Y10T436/145555—Hetero-N
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Description
(a)無極性媒体によって互いに分離している、極性媒体を含む第1の容積部および極性媒体を含む第2の容積部を用意するステップであって、
前記第1および第2の容積部の少なくとも1つが極性媒体と無極性媒体との間の界面に両親媒性分子を含む層を含み、
両親媒性分子のそれぞれが、第1の外側の親水性基、疎水性コア基および第2の外側の親水性基を含み、第1および第2の外側の親水性基のそれぞれが疎水性コア基に連結されている、ステップ;ならびに
(b)第1および第2の容積部を互いに接触させて、極性媒体の第1の容積部と第2の容積部との間に前記両親媒性分子を含む膜を形成するステップ
を含む方法を提供する。
極性媒体の第1の容積部;
極性媒体の第2の容積部;および
極性媒体の第1の容積部と第2の容積部との間の両親媒性分子を含む膜
を含むシステムであって、
両親媒性分子のそれぞれが第1の外側の親水性基、疎水性コア基および第2の外側の親水性基を含み、第1および第2の外側の親水性基のそれぞれが疎水性コア基に連結されており、
第1の容積部が無極性媒体内にある、システムを提供する。
(i)無極性媒体中に極性媒体の容積部を導入するステップ;
(ii)(i)の前または後のいずれかで無極性媒体もしくは極性媒体または両方の中に両親媒性分子を提供するステップ;ならびに
(iii)十分な時間について極性媒体の容積部を置いたままにして、極性媒体と無極性媒体との間の界面に両親媒性分子の層を形成するステップ
を含むプロセスである。
(a)標的分析物を本明細書に定義の本発明のシステムの膜に存在する膜貫通ポアに接触させるステップ、
(b)ポアに関して分析物が移動するときにまたはポア内の分析物の存在の1つまたは複数の測定値を得るステップであって、測定値が標的分析物の1つまたは複数の特性の指標であり、それにより標的分析物を特性決定するステップ
を含む方法をさらに提供する。
配列番号1は、MS−B1変異MspA単量体をコードするコドン最適化ポリヌクレオチド配列を示す。この変異体は、シグナル配列を欠失しており、次の変異:D90N、D91N、D93N、D118R、D134RおよびE139Kを含む。
本発明の第1の態様の方法は、実施が容易であり、両親媒性分子を含みバイオテクノロジーの分野における幅広い研究および応用において使用できる頑丈な膜を生じる。膜は、従来のリン脂質二重層よりも分解されにくく、より大きな電位差にも抵抗できる。膜は、従来の脂質二重層膜よりも長い存続時間を有してさらに頑丈および安定であることが示されており、作成済みの膜でセンサーを提供および保存できるようにする。それは、生物学的試料などの界面活性剤およびタンパク質を含有している試料を分析物の決定のための膜に直接適用できるようにもする。
のブロック共重合体であってよく、
式中、
A1は前記第1の外側の親水性ポリマーセグメントであり;
Bは前記内側の疎水性ポリマーセグメントであり;
A2は前記第2の外側の親水性ポリマーセグメントであり;
X1、Y1、Y2およびX2は追加的ポリマーセグメントであり;
n、p、qおよびmは独立に0または1のいずれかである。
のペンタブロック共重合体であり、
式中、
A1は前記第1の外側の親水性ポリマーセグメントであり;
Bは前記内側の疎水性ポリマーセグメントであり;
A2は前記第2の外側の親水性ポリマーセグメントであり;
B1は第1の追加的疎水性ポリマーセグメントであり;
B2は第2の追加的疎水性ポリマーセグメントである。
のトリブロック共重合体であり、
式中、
A1は前記第1の外側の親水性ポリマーセグメントであり;
Bは前記内側の疎水性ポリマーセグメントであり;
A2は前記第2の外側の親水性ポリマーセグメントである。
(a)ヘモリジン、ロイコシジン、スメグマ菌(Mycobacterium smegmatis)ポリンA(MspA)、外膜ポリンF(OmpF)、外膜ポリンG(OmpG)、外膜ホスホリパーゼA、ナイセリアオートトランスポーターリポタンパク質(NalP)およびWZAから選択される;
(b)配列番号2に示す8個の同一のサブユニットで形成されるまたは、7個のサブユニットの1つもしくは複数がアミノ酸同一性に基づいて配列全体にわたって配列番号2に対して少なくとも50%の相同性を有し、ポア活性を保持しているその変種である;あるいは
(c)配列番号4に示す7個の同一のサブユニットから形成されるα−ヘモリジンまたは、7個のサブユニットの1つもしくは複数がアミノ酸同一性に基づいて配列全体にわたって配列番号4に対して少なくとも50%の相同性を有し、ポア活性を保持しているその変種である。
本発明は、標的分析物を特性決定する方法を提供する。方法は、標的分析物がポアを通じて移動するように標的分析物を本発明のシステムの膜に存在するポアと、接触させるステップを含む。次いで、分析物がポアに関して移動するときに標的分析物の1つまたは複数の特性が当技術分野において公知の標準的方法を使用して測定される。標的分析物の1つまたは複数の特性は、分析物がポアを通じて移動するときに好ましくは測定される。ステップ(a)および(b)は、好ましくはポアに電位が印加されて実行される。下により詳細に考察されるとおり、印加された電位は、ポアとポリヌクレオチド結合タンパク質との複合体の形成を生じてよい。印加された電位は、電圧電位であってよい。代替的に印加された電位は、化学電位であってよい。この一例は、両親媒性層全体に塩勾配を用いている。塩勾配は、Holdenら、J Am Chem Soc. 2007 Jul 11;129(27):8650-5に開示されている。
本発明は、標的ポリヌクレオチドを特性決定するためのセンサーの形成方法も提供する。方法は、(a)本発明のシステムの膜中に存在するポアと(b)ヘリカーゼまたはエキソヌクレアーゼなどのポリヌクレオチド結合タンパク質との間に複合体を形成するステップを含む。複合体は、ポアとタンパク質とを標的ポリヌクレオチドの存在下で接触させ、次いで、ポアに電位を印加するステップによって形成され得る。印加される電位は、上に記載のとおり化学電位または電圧電位であってよい。代替的に複合体は、ポアをタンパク質に共有結合的に付着するステップによっても形成され得る。共有結合付着のための方法は、当技術分野において公知であり、例えば国際出願第PCT/GB09/001679号(WO2010/004265として公開)および第PCT/GB10/000133号(WO2010/086603として公開)において開示されている。複合体は、標的ポリヌクレオチドを特性決定するためのセンサーである。方法は、ポアとヘリカーゼとの複合体を形成するステップを好ましくは含む。上に考察した任意の実施形態は、この方法に等しく適用される。
本発明は、配列決定などの標的ポリヌクレオチドを特性決定するためのキットも提供する。キットは(a)本発明のシステムの膜中に存在するポアおよび(b)ヘリカーゼまたはエキソヌクレアーゼなどのポリヌクレオチド結合タンパク質を含む。上に考察された任意の実施形態は、本発明のキットに等しく適用可能である。
本発明は、試料中の標的ポリヌクレオチドを、配列決定など、特性決定するための装置も提供する。装置は、(a)本発明の1つまたは複数のシステムの複数の膜に存在する複数のポア、および(b)ヘリカーゼまたはエキソヌクレアーゼなどの複数のポリヌクレオチド結合タンパク質を含んでよい。装置は、アレイまたはチップなどの分析物の分析のための任意の従来装置であってよい。
複数のポアおよび膜を支持でき、ポアおよびタンパク質を用いてポリヌクレオチド特性決定または配列決定を実施するために作動可能であるセンサーデバイス;
特性決定または配列決定を実施するための材料を保持するための少なくとも1つのリザーバー;
少なくとも1つのリザーバーからセンサーデバイスに材料を制御可能に供給するように構成された流体システム;および
各試料を受けるための複数の容器を好ましくは含み、
流体システムは、容器からセンサーデバイスに試料を選択的に供給するように構成されている。
[実施例]
T字接合チップ(T-junction chip)を流体界面としてナノポートアセンブリ(Upchurch Scientific)を取り付けることによって液滴生成のために調製する。
油中に水性相液滴を作出するために、緩衝液を分散相として使用し、一方シリコン油(例えばAR20)を連続相として使用する。緩衝液およびトリブロック共重合体含有油の両方を下に記載のとおり調製する。
液滴生成設定のための模式図は図1で見ることができる。この設定は、シリンジポンプ(Elite、Harvard Apparatus)2個、気密シリンジ(Hamilton)2個、ピークチューブ(Upchurch Scientific)および特注T字接合マイクロ流体チップからなる。シリンジに油および緩衝液をロードし、シリンジポンプに組み込むと、チップ上のポートへの流体接続を確立するためにピークチューブを使用する。油シリンジは、連続相チャネルインプットに接続されなければならず、一方緩衝液は分散相チャネルインプットに接続されなければならない。
実験2.1、2.3および2.4をトリ−ブロック共重合体と油との下の組合せで実行した。
1 − 6−33−6(PMOXA−PDMS−PMOXA)PolymerSource(20mg/mL)、AR20油(ポリフェニル−メチルシロキサン、Sigma Aldrich)中
2 − 6−33−6(PMOXA−PDMS−PMOXA)PolymerSource(20mg/mL)、PDMS−OH 65cSt油(ポリ(ジメチルシロキサン)、水酸基末端、Sigma Aldrich)中
3 − 6−45PE−6(PMOXA−PE−PMOXA、式中PE=ポリエチレン炭化水素鎖、長さ炭素原子およそ45個)PolymerSource(20mg/mL)、ヘキサデカン(99.9%、Sigma Aldrich)中
4 − 6−32−6(PMOXA−PDMS−PMOXA)HighForce(20mg/mL)、AR20油(ポリフェニル−メチルシロキサン、Sigma Aldrich)中
液滴安定性を種々の油中に緩衝液およびトリブロックABAポリマーの溶液を調製することによってオフラインで測定した。小さな0.5cm2トレイをポリカーボネートおよびガラスのスライドを使用して調製した(図2)。トレイを油で満たした。油に、1μL緩衝液液滴を添加し、24時間モニターした。わずかな融合だけを示した液滴を電気的DIB検査に進めた。
実験装置を図3に示すとおり設定した。700Bアキソパッチ(axopatch)を2つのマイクロマニピュレーターを含む遮蔽箱の内部に接続した。下から液滴の操作を見られるようにファラデー箱全体を倒立顕微鏡(Nikon)上に置いた。これは、ファラデー箱を開けることなく液滴を移動できるようにした。
液滴対で膜を形成するために、180mVのバイアス電圧に加え±20mVの波形を電極に適用した。電流応答を容量性膜(経時的に電気容量における増大を示す試料トレースについて図5を参照されたい)の形成の指標としてモニターした。2つの緩衝液容積部間に接触が作られるように液滴を注意深く合わせた(図4(B)を参照されたい)。膜が形成されるまで液滴をこの状態にした(図5を参照されたい)。膜成長が非常に遅い状況では、液滴をXY方向に移動させ、液滴間のAR20/トリブロック共重合体を排除し、膜成長を促進した。
膜を越えてtrans−膜ポアを挿入するために、MspA−(B2C)(配列番号25、次の変異G75S/G77S/L88N/Q126Rを含む配列番号2の変種)の0.0005mg/ml溶液を陽極液になる緩衝液に添加した。ポアの挿入は、電流における瞬間的な増大によって観察された(図6を参照されたい)。これは、波形は不在だがバイアス電位の印加下で実施した。
調査したさまざまなトリ−ブロック共重合体と油との組合せを下の表4に示す。
Claims (22)
- 極性媒体の第1の容積部と極性媒体の第2の容積部との間に膜を形成する方法であって、
(a)無極性媒体によって互いに分離している、極性媒体を含む第1の容積部および極性媒体を含む第2の容積部を用意するステップであって、前記第1および第2の容積部の少なくとも1つは、極性媒体と無極性媒体との間の界面に両親媒性分子を含む層を含み、前記両親媒性分子のそれぞれは、第1の外側の親水性基、疎水性コア基および第2の外側の親水性基を含み、前記第1および第2の外側の親水性基のそれぞれは、前記疎水性コア基に連結されている、ステップと、
(b)前記第1および第2の容積部を互いに接触させて、極性媒体の前記第1の容積部と前記第2の容積部との間に前記両親媒性分子を含む膜を形成するステップとを含む方法。 - 前記第1および第2の容積部のそれぞれは、極性媒体と無極性媒体との間の界面に両親媒性分子を含む層を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および第2の外側の親水性基は、疎水性コア基の異なる原子に独立に連結されている、請求項1または請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および第2の外側の親水性基は、疎水性コア基の反対側の端に連結されている、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記両親媒性分子のそれぞれは、少なくとも3個のポリマーセグメントを含む共重合体であり、前記疎水性コア基は、内側の疎水性ポリマーセグメントBであり、前記第1および第2の外側の親水性基は、第1および第2の外側の親水性ポリマーセグメントA1およびA2である、請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記共重合体は、直鎖状またはグラフト構造を有し、前記第1および第2の外側の親水性ポリマーセグメントA1およびA2は、内側の疎水性ポリマーセグメントBから懸垂している、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記共重合体は、式(I)
のブロック共重合体であり、
式中、
A1は前記第1の外側の親水性ポリマーセグメントであり;
Bは前記内側の疎水性ポリマーセグメントであり;
A2は前記第2の外側の親水性ポリマーセグメントであり;
X1、Y1、Y2およびX2は追加的ポリマーセグメントであり;
n、p、qおよびmは独立に0または1のいずれかである、請求項5又は6に記載の方法。 - 前記方法において、m、n、pおよびqが0であり、前記共重合体は、式(III)
のトリブロック共重合体であり、
式中、
A 1 は前記第1の外側の親水性ポリマーセグメントであり;
Bは前記内側の疎水性ポリマーセグメントであり;
A 2 は前記第2の外側の親水性ポリマーセグメントである、請求項7に記載の方法。 - 前記方法において、mおよびnが両方とも1であり、pおよびqが両方とも0であり、
X 1 およびX 2 が、第1および第2の追加的疎水性ポリマーセグメントB 1 およびB 2 であり、前記B 1 およびB 2 は、内側の疎水性ポリマーセグメントBと共に整列でき、前記共重合体が、式(II):
のペンタブロック共重合体であり、
式中、
A 1 は前記第1の外側の親水性ポリマーセグメントであり;
Bは前記内側の疎水性ポリマーセグメントであり;
A 2 は前記第2の外側の親水性ポリマーセグメントであり;
B 1 は前記第1の追加的疎水性ポリマーセグメントであり;
B 2 は前記第2の追加的疎水性ポリマーセグメントである、請求項7に記載の方法。 - 前記内側の疎水性ポリマーセグメントBが、ポリシロキサンまたはポリアルケンを含む、請求項5〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 同じかまたは異なっていてよい、前記第1の外側の親水性ポリマーセグメントA1および前記第2の外側の親水性ポリマーセグメントA2が、ポリ(2−メチルオキサゾリン)を含む、請求項5〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記両親媒性化合物は、ポリ(2−メチルオキサゾリン)−ブロック−ポリ(ジメチルシロキサン)−ブロック−ポリ(2−メチルオキサゾリン)(PMOXA−PDMS−PMOXA)である、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記極性媒体を含む第1の容積部は、液滴またはビーズである、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- (a)無極性媒体によって互いに分離している、極性媒体を含む少なくとも3つの容積部を用意するステップであって、前記容積部の少なくとも1つまたはそれぞれが、極性媒体と無極性媒体との間の界面に前記両親媒性分子を含む層を含む、ステップ;および
(b)前記容積部のそれぞれを別の前記容積部と接触させて、極性媒体の容積部間に前記両親媒性分子を含む膜を形成するステップ
を含む、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記容積部のそれぞれが液滴またはビーズであり、ステップ(b)が液滴またはビーズの鎖またはネットワークを生成する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記両親媒性分子を含む前記または各膜は、膜タンパク質をさらに含む、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記膜タンパク質は、イオンチャネルまたはポアである、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 電極を前記極性媒体の容積部と電気的に接触させるステップ、および電極を使用して電気的測定値を得るステップをさらに含む、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 極性媒体の第1の容積部;
極性媒体の第2の容積部;および
極性媒体の第1の容積部と第2の容積部との間の両親媒性分子を含む膜
を含むシステムであって、
前記両親媒性分子のそれぞれは、第1の外側の親水性基、疎水性コア基および第2の外側の親水性基を含み、前記第1および第2の外側の親水性基のそれぞれは、疎水性コア基に連結されており、
前記極性媒体の第1の容積部は無極性媒体中にある、システム。 - 極性媒体の1つまたは複数のさらなる容積部および前記両親媒性分子を含む1つまたは複数のさらなる膜を含み、前記極性媒体のそれぞれのさらなる容積部は、前記さらなる膜によって極性媒体の別の容積部から分離している、請求項19に記載のシステム。
- 極性媒体を含み、無極性媒体内に配置されており、前記極性媒体と前記無極性媒体との間のその表面周辺に両親媒性分子を含む層を有する容積部であって、
前記両親媒性分子のそれぞれは、第1の外側の親水性基、疎水性コア基、および第2の外側の親水性基を含み、
前記第1および第2の外側の親水性基のそれぞれは、前記疎水性コア基に連結されており、
前記両親媒性分子のそれぞれは、少なくとも3つのポリマーセグメントを含む共重合体であり、
前記疎水性コア基は、内側の疎水性ポリマーセグメントBであり、
前記第1および第2の外側の親水性基は、第1および第2の外側の親水性ポリマーセグメントA1およびA2である、容積部。 - 極性媒体を含み、無極性媒体内に配置されており、前記極性媒体と前記無極性媒体との間のその表面周辺に両親媒性分子を含む層を有する容積部を生成するためのプロセスであって、
前記両親媒性分子のそれぞれは、第1の外側の親水性基、疎水性コア基および第2の外側の親水性基を含み、
前記第1および第2の外側の親水性基のそれぞれは、前記疎水性コア基に連結されており、
前記両親媒性分子のそれぞれは、少なくとも3つのポリマーセグメントを含む共重合体であり、
前記疎水性コア基は、内側の疎水性ポリマーセグメントBであり、
前記第1および第2の外側の親水性基は、第1および第2の外側の親水性ポリマーセグメントA1およびA2であり、
前記プロセスは、
(i)無極性媒体中に極性媒体の容積部を導入するステップ;
(ii)ステップ(i)の前または後のいずれかで、前記無極性媒体もしくは極性媒体または両方の中に両親媒性分子を提供するステップ;および
(iii)前記極性媒体と前記無極性媒体との間の界面に前記両親媒性分子を含む層を形成するために十分な時間、前記極性媒体の容積部を置いたままにするステップ
を含むプロセス。
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