JP6359133B2 - 免疫コンジュゲート、それらを含有する組成物、ならびに製造方法および使用方法 - Google Patents
免疫コンジュゲート、それらを含有する組成物、ならびに製造方法および使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6359133B2 JP6359133B2 JP2017017666A JP2017017666A JP6359133B2 JP 6359133 B2 JP6359133 B2 JP 6359133B2 JP 2017017666 A JP2017017666 A JP 2017017666A JP 2017017666 A JP2017017666 A JP 2017017666A JP 6359133 B2 JP6359133 B2 JP 6359133B2
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Description
本発明者らは、ある場合に、カルバメート−プロドラッグ化seco−MGBA免疫コンジュゲート、例えば化合物(A)から生じるものが、所望の強力な抗癌剤ではないことを観測した。本発明者らは、弱い効果がある種の癌細胞内の不十分なカルボキシエステラーゼ活性に起因し、結果として非効率的な脱カルバモイル化をもたらすと仮定している。したがって、活性化のためのカルボキシエステラーゼに依存していないプロドラッグ化seco−MGBA免疫コンジュゲートを開発することが望ましい。
で示される化合物、またはその医薬的に許容される塩が、抗体または該抗体の抗原結合フラグメントにペプチジルリンカーを介してその−NH2基で結合する、免疫コンジュゲートである。好ましくは、抗体は、CD70、メソテリン、PSMA、CD19、グリピカン−3、B7H4、RG−1、CD22、およびPTK7からなる群より選択されるヒト抗原を認識するヒトモノクローナル抗体である。
Xは、求核置換可能な脱離基であり;
AAaおよび各AAbは、独立して、アラニン、β−アラニン、γ−アミノ酪酸、アルギニン、アスパラギン、アスパラギン酸、γ−カルボキシグルタミン酸、シトルリン、システイン、グルタミン酸、グルタミン、グリシン、ヒスチジン、イソロイシン、ロイシン、リジン、メチオニン、ノルロイシン、ノルバリン、オルニチン、フェニルアラニン、プロリン、セリン、スレオニン、トリプトファン、チロシン、およびバリンからなる群より選択され;
mは、0、1、2、3、4、または5であり;
Yは、スペーサー部分であり;および
Zは、抗体に結合可能な反応性官能基である]
で示される化合物またはその医薬的に許容される塩で表される。
で示される化合物またはその医薬的に許容される塩によって具体化される、免疫コンジュゲートを調製するために用いられうるホスフェートプロドラッグ化化合物が提供される。化合物(I)は、上記のペプチジルリンカー、スペーサーおよび反応性官能基と組み合わせられ、次いで、抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントに結合しうる。
「抗体」は、全抗体および任意の抗原結合フラグメント(すなわち、「抗原結合タンパク質」)またはその一本鎖を意味する。全抗体は、ジスルフィド結合によって相互結合する、少なくとも2つの重(H)鎖および2つの軽(L)鎖を含む糖タンパク質である。各重鎖は、重鎖可変領域(VH)および3つのドメイン、CH1、CH2およびCH3を含む重鎖定常領域を含む。各軽鎖は、軽鎖可変領域(VLまたはVk)および1つの単一ドメイン、CLを含む軽鎖定常領域を含む。VHおよびVL領域は、より保存されているフレームワーク領域(FR)が組み込まれた、相補性決定領域(CDR)と称される、超可変性の領域にさらに細分されうる。VHおよびVLは、各々、以下の順番でアミノ末端からカルボキシ末端に配列される、3つのCDRおよび4つのFRを含む:FR1、CDR1、FR2、CDR2、FR3、CDR3、およびFR4。可変領域は、抗原と相互作用する結合ドメインを含有する。定常領域は、宿主組織または因子(免疫組織の種々の細胞(例えば、エフェクター細胞)および古典的補体系の第1成分(Clq)を含む)に対する抗体の結合を仲介しうる。抗体が5x10−8M以下、より好ましくは1x10−8M以下、より好ましくは6x10−9M以下、より好ましくは3x10−9M以下、さらにより好ましくは2x10−9M以下のKDで抗原Xに結合する場合、抗体は抗原Xと「特異的に結合する」とされている。抗体は、キメラ抗体、ヒト化抗体、または好ましくはヒト抗体でありうる。重鎖定常領域は、グリコシル化のタイプもしくは程度に影響を及ぼすか、抗体の半減期を延ばすか、エフェクター細胞もしくは補体系との相互作用を増強もしくは低下させるか、またはある他の特性を調節するように操作されうる。該技術は、1つまたはそれ以上のアミノ酸の置換、付加または削除によってあるいは別の免疫グロブリンタイプまたは前述の組合せからのドメインでのドメイン置換によって達成されうる。
一つの態様において、本発明の化合物は、式(I):
で示される化合物またはその医薬的に許容される塩が、ペプチジルリンカーを介して抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントに結合する、免疫コンジュゲートである。結合は、好ましくは、その4−NH2基を仲介する。ペプチジルリンカーは、好ましくは、Val−Cit、Phe−Cit、Phe−Lys、Val−Lys、Val−Glu、Val−Asp、Val−Ser、またはVal−Glyから選択されるジペプチドであり、各ジペプチドは、N−から−C方向に示される。
で示される構造またはその医薬的に許容される塩を有する。AAa、AAb、m、Y、Ab、およびnの好ましい実施態様および/または組合せは、以下に記載されている。
で示される構造またはその医薬的に許容される塩を有する。したがって、該実施態様は、構造式(IIIa’)において、左方向から右方向に読む場合、ジペプチドはC−から−N方向に示されることを当業者の理解の下で、Val−Citジペプチドリンカーを有する。
で示される構造またはその医薬的に許容される塩を有する。AAa、AAb、m、Y、Ab、およびnの好ましい実施態様および/または組合せは、以下に記載されている。
で示される、抗体との結合に適している化合物またはその医薬的に許容される塩である。AAa、AAb、m、Y、およびZの好ましい実施態様および/または組合せは、以下に記載されている。
およびそれらの組合せである。これらの部分は、例えば、以下に示されるように組み合わせられうる。
で示されるプロドラッグ化化合物またはその医薬的に許容される塩である。
化合物(IIa)および先行技術の化合物(A)から調製された免疫コンジュゲートの能力を比較する、一連の細胞増殖実験が行われた。各場合において、用いられる技法は3Hチミジン取り込みアッセイであり、その製法の詳細については以下の実施例において提供される。
本発明の免疫コンジュゲートは、疾患、例えば、限定されるものではないが、過剰増殖性疾患(頭、首、鼻腔、副鼻腔、鼻咽頭、口腔、中咽頭、喉頭、下咽頭、唾液腺の腫瘍、および傍神経節腫を含む頭頸部の癌;肝臓および胆管系の癌、特に肝細胞癌;腸癌、特に結腸直腸癌;卵巣癌;小細胞および非小細胞肺癌(SCLCおよびNSCLC);乳癌肉腫(breast cancer sarcomas)、例えば、線維肉腫、悪性繊維性組織球腫、胎児性横紋筋肉腫、平滑筋肉腫、神経線維肉腫、骨肉腫、髄膜肉腫、脂肪肉腫、および胞巣状軟部肉腫;白血病、例えば、急性前骨髄球性白血病(APL)、急性骨髄性白血病(AML)、急性リンパ芽球性白血病(ALL)、および慢性骨髄性白血病(CML);中枢神経系の新生物、特に脳腫瘍;多発性骨髄腫(MM)、リンパ腫、例えば、ホジキンリンパ腫、リンパ形質細胞性リンパ腫、濾胞性リンパ腫、粘膜関連リンパ組織リンパ腫、マントル細胞リンパ腫、B系大細胞リンパ腫、バーキットリンパ腫、およびT細胞未分化大細胞リンパ腫を含む)を治療するために用いられうる。臨床的に、本明細書に記載の方法の実施および組成物の使用は、(適用可能な場合)癌性増殖のサイズまたは数の減少および/または関連症状の減少をもたらす。病理学的に、本明細書に記載の方法の実施および組成物の使用は、病理学的に関連のある応答、例えば、癌細胞増殖の阻害、癌または腫瘍のサイズの減少、さらなる転移の阻止、および腫瘍血管新生の阻害をもたらす。かかる疾患の治療方法は、対象に治療上の有効量の本発明の組合せを投与することを含む。該方法は必要に応じて繰り返されうる。特に、癌は、細胞がCD70、メソテリン、CD19、グリピカン−3、B7H4、RG−1、CD22、またはPTK7を発現する癌でありうる。好ましい実施態様において、治療を受ける癌は、腎癌、膵臓癌、卵巣癌、リンパ腫、大腸癌、中皮腫、胃癌、肺癌、前立腺癌、腺癌、肝臓癌、または乳癌である。
本発明の実施化は、以下の実施例を参照することによってさらに理解することができ、その実施例は説明するためのものであって、限定するためのものではない。
該実施例は、本発明の化合物12(本明細書では、化合物(IIa)とも称される)の合成について記載している。図1Aおよび1Bは組み合わせて、その合成スキームを示す。
該実施例は、化合物14(本明細書では、化合物(Ia)とも称される)の合成に関する。合成スキーム図は、図2に示される。
図3A〜3Dは組み合わせて、化合物28(本明細書では、化合物(IIb)とも称される)の合成を示す。当業者は、本明細書にて利用される一般的戦略は、実施例1における上記のb/b’/b”パターンに相当することを理解するであろう。
以下は、リジン ε−アミノ基と2−イミノチオランとの反応、次いで、マレイミド含有プロドラッグ化部分、例えば化合物(IIa)との反応による抗体への遊離チオール基の導入に基づく、本発明の免疫コンジュゲートの調製のための一般的製法の説明である。最初に、抗体は、50mM NaClおよび2mM ジエチレントリアミン五酢酸(「DTPA」)を含有する0.1Mリン酸バッファー(pH8.0)にバッファー交換され、5〜10mg/mLまで濃縮される。チオール化は、抗体に2−イミノチオランを加えて達成される。2−イミノチオランの添加量は、予備実験によって決定され得、抗体ごとに変化する。予備実験において、2−イミノチオランの増加量を抗体に滴下し、室温(25℃)で1時間抗体を用いてインキュベートした後に、抗体をSEPHADEX(商標)G−25カラムを用いて50mM pH6.0 HEPESバッファー中に脱塩し、導入されたチオール基の数をジチオジピリジン(「DTDP」)との反応によって速やかに測定する。チオール基とDTDPとの反応はチオピリジンの遊離をもたらし、それは324nmで分光学的にモニターされうる。典型的には、0.5〜1.0mg/mLのタンパク質濃度の試料を用いる。280nmでの吸光度を、試料中のタンパク質濃度を正確に測定するために用いることができ、次いで、各試料のアリコート(0.9mL)を、室温で10分間0.1mL DTDP(5mM エタノール中ストック溶液)を用いてインキュベートする。バッファーのみ+DTDPのブランク試料もまた、並行してインキュベートする。10分後、324nmでの吸光度を測定し、チオール基の数を19,800M−1のチオピリジンの吸光係数を用いて定量化する。
該実施例は、一般的に、本発明の免疫コンジュゲートの抗増殖活性をアッセイするために用いられる製法について記載している。ヒト腫瘍細胞系を、アメリカン・タイプ・カルチャー・コレクション(American Type Culture Collection)(ATCC),P.O.Box 1549,Manassas,VA 20108,USAから得、そして、ATCC指示書にしたがって培養した。CHO−Meso細胞を、CHO細胞にヒトメソテリン遺伝子含有DNAをトランスフェクトし、ヒトメソテリンを発現する安定なクローンを選択することによって作製した。それぞれ3Hチミジンアッセイのために3時間96ウェルプレート中に、細胞を1.0x104細胞/ウェルで播種した。免疫コンジュゲートの連続希釈物(1:3)をウェルに加えた。プレートを72時間インキュベートした。プレートは、インキュベーション全期間の最後の24時間、1.0μCiの3H−チミジン/ウェルでパルスを発し、それを捕獲し、Top Countシンチレーションカウンター(Packard Instruments,Meriden,CT)で読み取った。EC50値−物質が50%の最大阻害によって細胞増殖を阻害するかまたは減少させる濃度−を、PRISM(商標)ソフトウェア,バージョン4.0(GraphPad Software,La Jolla,CA,USA)を用いて測定した。
該実施例は、本発明に記載のリン酸プロドラッグ化seco−MGBA化合物がヒト腫瘍細胞溶解物によって脱リン酸化されうることを立証している。
カラム:Waters HSS T3 2.1x50mm C18 UPLC
移動相:「A」バッファー:水/0.1%TFA;「B」バッファー:アセトニトリル/0.1%TFA
HPLC系:Waters UPLC
注入量:4μL
溶出:1.8分間で25〜40%「B」
流速:1mL/分
検出:A340
該実施例は、ヒトおよびマウス肝ミクロソーム酵素による化合物(Ia)の脱リン酸化を立証している。
該実施例および図7は、化合物30(本明細書では、化合物(IIc)とも称される)の合成について記載している。
該実施例および図8は、化合物34(本明細書では、化合物(IId)とも称される)の合成について記載している。
該実施例および図9A〜9Bは組み合わせて、化合物48(本明細書では、化合物(IIe)とも称される)の合成について記載している。
該実施例および図10A〜10Bは組み合わせて、化合物56(本明細書では、化合物(IIf)とも称される)の合成について記載している。
該実施例および図11A〜11Bは組み合わせて、化合物67(本明細書では、化合物(IIg)とも称される)の合成について記載している。
図12A〜12Iは、種々の癌型に対する、マウスでの異種移植試験における本発明の免疫コンジュゲートのインビボ効果を立証している。
第一著者(または発明者)および本明細書よりも先の日付によって簡略化された方法で引用される以下の参考資料のすべての引用は以下に提供される。これらの参考資料は、各々、本明細書によって引用される。
本明細書に記載の核酸および/またはアミノ酸配列を含む、配列番号1から配列番号60からなる「SEQT_11770WOPCT.txt」名の配列表は、その全体が本明細書によって引用される。配列表は、EFS−Webを介してASCIIテキスト形式で添付して提出されており、その結果、紙とそのコンピューターに読み込み可能な形式の両方を構成する。配列表は、2012年4月24日にPatentIn3.5を用いて最初に作成された(サイズは10KBである)。
Claims (4)
- 該抗体が、CD70、メソテリン、PSMA、CD19、グリピカン−3、B7H4、RG−1、CD22およびPTK7からなる群より選択されるヒト抗原を認識する、ヒトモノクローナル抗体である、請求項1記載の免疫コンジュゲート。
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