JP6356165B2 - 肝外胆樹からの多能性幹細胞およびそれらを単離する方法 - Google Patents
肝外胆樹からの多能性幹細胞およびそれらを単離する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる、2009年10月30日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/256,846号の優先権を主張するものである。
本発明は、概略的には、胆樹、肝臓および膵臓における、多能性幹細胞を含む多能性前駆細胞、およびそのような前駆細胞または幹細胞を含む細胞集団に関する。より詳細には、本発明は、肝外胆樹の部分に由来する多能性前駆細胞または幹細胞およびそのような前駆細胞または幹細胞を含む細胞集団に関する。本発明は、これらを含有する組成物ならびにそのような細胞および細胞集団をインビトロおよびインビボで同定し、単離し、維持し、増殖させ、分化させる方法を含む。
胆樹または肝外胆樹系は、十二指腸を肝臓および膵臓に連結する、胆嚢を含む一連の管から成る(図2の概略図参照)。胆樹全体にわたって、管壁内には胆管周囲腺(図3〜11)が存在し、胆管周囲腺は門、総肝管、胆嚢管、総胆管、総肝膵管および胆嚢などの分岐部位において特に多数認められ得る。肝臓からまたは腹側膵からの流体はファーター乳頭によって十二指腸に注ぎ込まれる。胆嚢を含む構造体のこの全体の群を本明細書では胆樹と称する。
胆樹幹細胞の多能性と一致して、コロニーを数週間(例えば培養中で1か月超)自己複製条件下に維持し、その後培地を特定の成体細胞型に合わせて調整した無血清ホルモン規定培地(HDM)に変えた場合、細胞は指定された成体細胞型へと部分的に分化する(図17〜19)。肝臓のためのHDM(HDM−L)では、20〜30%の細胞がサイトケラチン8および18ならびにアルブミンの発現を獲得し、胆管細胞のためのHDM(HDM−C)では、それらの半数以上がセクレチン受容体およびCFTRを発現する細胞に成熟した。図17。HDM−L中の培養物におけるヒトアルブミンの発現のレベルおよびHDM−C中の培養物におけるセクレチン受容体の発現は、定量的RT−PCRを使用したアッセイではクボタ培地またはその等価物(自己複製条件)におけるものよりも有意に高かった(図19)。
本発明による、胆樹幹細胞または細胞集団から得られる標的細胞の治療上の使用のために、本発明に包含されるいくつかの概念が利用可能である(Science 287:1442−1446,2000参照)。これに関連した適切な適応症の例は、先天性代謝異常、肝不全、肝硬変、膵機能不全および糖尿病である。
酵素的解離を、コラゲナーゼなどのプロテアーゼ、および/またはDNアーゼなどのヌクレアーゼの存在下で実施し得る。肝細胞の酵素的解離の方法は当技術分野において記述され、実施されている。例として、肝前駆細胞の単離および同定のための方法は、例えば、その開示全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる、米国特許第6,069,005号ならびに米国特許出願第09/487,318号;同第10/135,700号;および同第10/387,547号に記載されている。実際に、細胞懸濁液の調製のための様々な手順が存在する。そのため、本発明の範囲は、全組織を入手するまたはその細胞懸濁液を調製する特定の方法に限定されないことを理解されたい。
3次元(3D)ゲルは、基質成分、ホルモン、サイトカイン、増殖因子、栄養素および基礎培地を、架橋していないときは液体であり、架橋するとゲル化するヒアルロナンに混合することによって形成され得る。これらの調製の詳細は、別のところで、例えば、その開示全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる、W.S.Turner,E.Schmelzer,R.McClelland et al.,J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 82B(1),156(2006);およびW.S.Turner,C.Seagle,J.A.Galanko et al.,Stem Cells 26(6),1547(2008)に公開されている。培養物を、典型的には2〜4週間またはそれより長く維持し、その後組織学的検査、エンドポイントおよび定量的RT−PCRなどの遺伝子発現アッセイ、免疫蛍光ならびにウエスタンブロット法およびメタボロームフットプリンティングなどのタンパク質発現アッセイによって分析する。
胆樹幹細胞または細胞集団を自己複製条件(培養プラスチックまたはヒアルロナンと組み合わせたクボタ培地または等価物)下で7〜30日間またはそれより長く培養した後、残存する細胞(すなわち胆樹幹細胞)の単層培養物を分化培地に移し、分化培地において幹細胞は迅速な形状変化および48時間以内に遺伝子発現の変化を受ける。すべての分化培地は、ホルモン規定培地が、自己複製培地中の成分に加えてカルシウム(≧0.5mM)、銅、bFGFの添加物を含むように、自己複製のために使用される培地(例えばクボタ培地または等価物)に対する改変から成り、これを「改変培地」と称する。特定の成体細胞型を達成するために、以下が必要である:
移植プロトコールによる固形臓器からの細胞の移植は、多くの適用に関して注射または注入よりも好ましいが、いずれの送達方法も実行可能である。上記で述べたヒドロゲル培養物は移植のための良好な条件を提供することが認められている。細胞を非架橋ヒアルロナンに懸濁し、基礎培地に加えて増殖および/または分化のために調整されたホルモン、増殖因子ならびに他の可溶性シグナルを含む培地中で他の基質成分と混合することができる。
すべての培地を滅菌ろ過(0.22μmフィルター)し、使用時まで暗所にて4℃で保持した。クボタ培地(KM)は、銅を含まず、低カルシウム(<0.5mM)、10−9Mセレン、4.5mMニコチンアミド、0.1nM硫酸亜鉛、10−8Mヒドロコルチゾン、5μg/mlトランスフェリン/Fe、5μg/mlインスリン、血清アルブミン(0.1%)に添加結合した遊離脂肪酸の混合物および、場合により10μg/ml高密度リポタンパク質を含む任意の基礎培地(例えばRPMI1640)から成る。
3次元培養物を、すべて培地中で調製した、ヒアルロナン、他の基質分子、ホルモン、増殖因子、サイトカインを含むヒドロゲルで樹立した。すべてのヒドロゲルは、0.6mM濃度を達成するカルシウム、10−12M銅および塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子(bFGF)10μmを添加した改変クボタ培地(または等価物)(改変KMまたはMKMと称する)を使用して作製した:
ヒト胆樹組織(biliary tissue)を、患者への移植のために入手され、その後拒否された肝臓および膵臓から得た。ヒト胆樹組織の細胞懸濁液を、0.1%ウシ血清アルブミン、1nMセレンおよび抗生物質を添加したRPMI1640を使用して処理した。酵素処理緩衝液は、32℃で15〜20分間頻繁に撹拌した、300U/ml IV型コラゲナーゼおよび0.3mg/mlデオキシリボヌクレアーゼを含んだ。富化懸濁液を、75ゲージメッシュを通して圧縮し、再懸濁の前に1200RPMで5分間遠心した。トリパンブルー排除による推定細胞生存能は常に95%超であった。
Claims (27)
- 多数の内胚葉系統に分化することができる単離された単一の哺乳動物多能性幹細胞/前駆細胞またはそれに由来する細胞集団であって、前記細胞が哺乳動物の胆樹組織から得られ、かつ前記細胞が、
(i)CD326/上皮細胞接着分子(EpCAM)、CD56/神経細胞接着分子(N−CAM)、CXCR4およびCD133(プロミニン)からなる群から選択される、少なくとも1つの幹細胞表面マーカー;
(ii)HNF6、HES1、CK19、アルブミンおよびAFPからなる群から選択される、早期段階肝細胞系統を示す少なくとも1つのマーカー;
(iii)PDX1、PROX1、NGN3およびインスリンからなる群から選択される、早期段階膵細胞系統を示す少なくとも1つのマーカー;および
(iv)SOX9、SOX17およびFOXA2からなる群から選択される、内胚葉幹細胞/前駆細胞の少なくとも1つのマーカー;
に関して陽性である、細胞。 - 前記多能性幹細胞/前駆細胞が多能性幹細胞である、請求項1に記載の単離された単一の哺乳動物多能性幹細胞/前駆細胞またはそれに由来する細胞集団。
- 前記内胚葉系統が、肝臓系統、胆管系統、膵臓系統またはそれらの組合せである、請求項1に記載の単離された単一の哺乳動物多能性幹細胞/前駆細胞またはそれに由来する細胞集団。
- 前記胆樹組織が、門、総肝管、胆嚢管、総胆管、総肝膵管および胆嚢を含む、前記胆樹のいずれかの部分である、請求項1に記載の単離された単一の哺乳動物多能性幹細胞/前駆細胞またはそれに由来する細胞集団。
- 前記哺乳動物がヒトである、請求項1に記載の単離された単一の哺乳動物多能性幹細胞/前駆細胞またはそれに由来する細胞集団。
- 前記ヒトが、胎児、新生児、小児、成体または死後72時間以内の死亡者である、請求項5に記載の単離された単一の哺乳動物多能性幹細胞/前駆細胞またはそれに由来する細胞集団。
- 前記ヒトが、死後10時間以内の死亡者である、請求項5に記載の単離された単一の哺乳動物多能性幹細胞/前駆細胞またはそれに由来する細胞集団。
- 前記胆樹組織が、胆管周囲腺、または胆管周囲腺に由来する前駆細胞もしくは幹細胞、または胆嚢を含む、請求項1に記載の単離された単一の哺乳動物多能性幹細胞/前駆細胞またはそれに由来する細胞集団。
- 前記胆樹組織が、前記胆樹が分岐する位置を含む、請求項1に記載の単離された単一の哺乳動物多能性幹細胞/前駆細胞またはそれに由来する細胞集団。
- 前記多能性細胞が、
(i)HNF6、HES1、CK19、アルブミンおよびAFPからなる群から選択される、早期段階肝細胞系統を示す少なくとも1つのマーカー;
(ii)PDX1、PROX1、NGN3およびインスリンからなる群から選択される、早期段階膵細胞系統を示す少なくとも1つのマーカー;
ならびにカテゴリー(a)または(b)から選択される少なくとも1つのマーカー:
(a)EpCAM、N−CAM、CXCR4およびCD133からなる群から選択される、少なくとも1つの内胚葉幹細胞/前駆細胞表面マーカー;
(b)SOX9、SOX17およびFOXA2からなる群から選択される、内胚葉幹細胞/前駆細胞を示す少なくとも1つの転写因子;
を発現する、請求項1に記載の単離された単一の哺乳動物多能性幹細胞/前駆細胞またはそれに由来する細胞集団。 - (i)テロメラーゼタンパク質の核発現;
(ii)SOX2、NANOG、KLF4、OCT4AおよびOCT4からなる群から選択される、多能性遺伝子の発現;
(iii)SOX17、SOX9、FOXA2、HES1、HNF6、PROX1、HNF3B(肝細胞核内因子3B)、PDX1、NGN3、およびそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、古典的内胚葉転写因子の核または核周囲発現;
(iv)EpCAM、N−CAM、CXCR4、CD133およびそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、内胚葉幹細胞/前駆細胞表面マーカーの発現;
(v)成熟肝、成熟胆管または成熟膵臓内分泌部の系統マーカーの発現の欠如;ならびに
(vi)間葉細胞、内皮細胞または造血細胞についてのマーカーの発現の欠如
の少なくとも1つを発現する、請求項1に記載の単離された単一の哺乳動物多能性幹細胞/前駆細胞またはそれに由来する細胞集団。 - 前記成熟肝が肝細胞を含み、前記成熟胆管が胆管細胞を含み、前記成熟膵臓内分泌部が膵島細胞を含むものである、請求項11に記載の単離された単一の哺乳動物多能性幹細胞/前駆細胞またはそれに由来する細胞集団。
- 肝細胞等の成熟肝の前記系統マーカーがP450−3A4を含み;成熟胆管の前記系統マーカーがセクレチン受容体、アクアポリン、またはそれらの組合せを含み;ならびに成熟膵の前記系統マーカーが高レベルのインスリン、グルカゴン、ソマトスタチン、アミラーゼまたはそれらの組合せを含むか;または
間葉細胞についての前記マーカーがデスミンであり、内皮細胞についての前記マーカーがVEGF受容体であり、および造血細胞についての前記マーカーがCD45である、請求項11に記載の単離された単一の哺乳動物多能性幹細胞/前駆細胞またはそれに由来する細胞集団。 - 請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の単一の哺乳動物多能性幹細胞/前駆細胞に由来する細胞集団を含むか、または、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の単一の多能性幹細胞/前駆細胞が富化された哺乳動物細胞の集団を含む、組成物。
- 多数の内胚葉系統に分化することができる単一の哺乳動物多能性幹細胞/前駆細胞またはそれに由来する細胞集団を得る方法であって、前記細胞が哺乳動物の胆樹組織から得られ、胆樹組織を得ることならびに連続的に任意の順序でまたは実質的に同時に、
(i)CD326/上皮細胞接着分子(EpCAM)、CD56/神経細胞接着分子(N−CAM)、CXCR4およびCD133(プロミニン)からなる群から選択される、少なくとも1つの幹細胞表面マーカー;
(ii)HNF6、HES1、CK19、アルブミンおよびAFPからなる群から選択される、早期段階肝細胞系統段階を示す少なくとも1つのマーカー;
(iii)PDX1、PROX1、NGN3およびインスリンからなる群から選択される、早期段階膵細胞系統段階を示す少なくとも1つのマーカー;および
(iv)SOX9、SOX17およびFOXA2からなる群から選択される、内胚葉幹細胞/前駆細胞の少なくとも1つのマーカー;
に関して陽性である細胞を得ることを含む、方法。 - 前記単一の哺乳動物多能性幹細胞/前駆細胞またはそれに由来する細胞集団が、免疫選択技術および/または選択培養条件によって得られる、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫選択技術が、パニング、磁気ビーズ選択、フローサイトメトリー、またはそれらの組合せを含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫選択技術が、フローサイトメトリーである、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記選択培養条件が、前記細胞をプラスチックまたはヒアルロナンにプレートすることを含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記プラスチックが、IV型コラーゲン、III型コラーゲン、ラミニン、ヒアルロナン、胚もしくは胎児もしくは新生児組織からの他の基質成分、またはそれらの組合せで被覆されている、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 低カルシウムを含み、銅を含まず、インスリン、トランスフェリン/Fe、セレン、亜鉛、および血清アルブミンに結合した遊離脂肪酸を添加した基礎培地を含む無血清培地中で前記細胞をインキュベートすることをさらに含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記無血清培地が、高密度リポタンパク質をさらに含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記基礎培地がRPMI1640を含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記基礎培地が0.5mM未満のカルシウムを含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞を7〜21日間またはそれより長く培養する、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記胆樹組織が、門、総肝管、胆嚢管、総胆管、総肝膵管および胆嚢、またはそれらの組合せを含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記胆樹組織が、前記胆樹が分岐するまたは多数の胆管周囲腺を含む部位に由来する、請求項15に記載の方法。
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