JP6354106B2 - 光学素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
光学素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6354106B2 JP6354106B2 JP2015546404A JP2015546404A JP6354106B2 JP 6354106 B2 JP6354106 B2 JP 6354106B2 JP 2015546404 A JP2015546404 A JP 2015546404A JP 2015546404 A JP2015546404 A JP 2015546404A JP 6354106 B2 JP6354106 B2 JP 6354106B2
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Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/281—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for attenuating light intensity, e.g. comprising rotatable polarising elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/02—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of crystals, e.g. rock-salt, semi-conductors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/12—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements by surface treatment, e.g. by irradiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133531—Polarisers characterised by the arrangement of polariser or analyser axes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133631—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation with a spatial distribution of the retardation value
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Description
V=360/P
P=360×(L/A)
Y=a×X
φ=V×L
R=Q/N
偏光マスクの製作
通常のWGP(Wire Grid Polarizer)を横および縦の 長さがそれぞれ10mmとなるように裁断して偏光領域を構成するWGPを準備した。その後、5つのWGP(偏光領域)が一つの偏光ラインを構成するように貼り付けて偏光マスクを製作した。この時、偏光マスクの偏光領域の透過軸の配置は、図11及び図12に示すように設定した。図11及び図12に示した数字は、各領域の透過軸の角度を示す。すなわち、図11を参照すると、最も上側に0度の透過軸を有するように配置された5つのWGPが存在し、下方に16個の偏光ラインが存在している。偏光マスクは、図11のマスクの下端と、図12のマスクの上端を互いに貼り付けて、最終的に製作した。
配向性化合物として、韓国登録特許第1064585号に開示されているようなシンナメート基を有するポリノルボルネンを適量の光開始剤(Igacure907)と配合した混合物をトルエン溶媒に配向性化合物の固形分濃度が2重量%となるように溶解させて配向膜前駆体を製造した。次に、PET(poly(ethylene terephthalate))フィルムの一面に前記前駆体をコーティングし、適正温度で乾燥させた。その後、前記乾燥された層を前記製作された偏光マスクの下部を通過するように移動させながら偏光マスクの上部から紫外線(1,200mJ/cm2)を照射して配向膜を形成した。前記で配向膜の移動は、図11及び図12を参照すると、図面の左から右方向に移動させ、移動速度は約2.5m/min程度に保持した。
重合性液晶化合物(LC242、BASF(製))を適量の光開始剤(Igacure907)と配合したコーティング液を配向膜上に適正の厚さでコーティングし、下部配向膜の配向パターンに応じて配向させた状態で紫外線(30mW/cm2)を照射して光学層を形成し、光学素子を製造した。図13は、前記のような方法で形成された光学層の光軸分布を示す図であり、図14は、前記光学層の横方向をX軸(TD軸)とし、光軸(遅相軸)の角度をY軸(retardation orientation)として示したグラフである。図14においてY軸の単位は、度(degree)であり、X軸の単位は、mmである。図面から各領域間の境界が観察されず、均一に光軸が変化する光学層が形成されたことを確認しうる。
配向膜の形成のための紫外線の照射時に配向膜の移動速度を約1m/minに変更したことを除いては、実施例1と同じ方法で光学層を形成して光学素子を製造した。図14では、このような光学層の横方向をX軸とし、光軸(遅相軸)の角度をY軸として示したグラフが、実施例1の結果とともに表われている。図14においてグラフが実施例1の結果とほぼ重なって観察されていて、これから各領域間の境界が観察されず、均一に光軸が変化する光学層が形成されたことを確認しうる。
重合性液晶化合物を含むコーティング液に重合性液晶化合物の配向によって 配向し、可視光領域(400nm〜800nm)内で最大吸光度を有するアゾ系二色性染料を配合したコーティング液を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同じ方法で光学素子を製造した。このような光学素子では、前記二色性染料によって実施例1での光軸分布に準じた方法により連続的に変化する光吸収軸を有する光学層が形成された。
重合性液晶化合物を含むコーティング液に重合性液晶化合物の配向によって配向し、可視光領域(400nm〜800nm)内で最大吸光度を有するアゾ系二色性染料を配合したコーティング液を用いたことを除いては、実施例2と同じ方法で光学素子を製造した。このような光学素子では、前記二色性染料によって実施例2での光軸分布に準じた方法で連続的に変化する光吸収軸を有する光学層が形成された。
20 光学層
30 光学素子
101、102、103、104、105、A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H 偏光ライン
1011〜1015、2011〜2015、3011〜3015、4011〜4015、5011〜5015 偏光領域
40 偏光マスク
50 被照射体
60 載置手段
Claims (8)
- 光学素子の製造方法であり、
偏光マスクの下部に可逆性を有する配向性化合物を含む配向膜を配置し、前記偏光マスクを介して前記配向膜に光を照射する過程と、
前記光が照射された配向膜上に光学層を形成する過程と
を含み、
前記偏光マスクには、第1方向に沿って隣接して配置されている複数の偏光領域を含む偏光ラインが前記第1方向と垂直方向である第2方向に沿って隣接して複数配置されており、
前記複数の偏光ラインの中の少なくとも1つ以上の偏光ラインは、所定の方向に形成された透過軸を有する第1偏光領域と前記所定の方向とは異なる方向に形成された透過軸を有する第2偏光領域を含み、
前記複数の偏光ラインの中の少なくとも2つ以上の偏光ラインは、互いに異なる平均透過軸を有し、
前記配向膜に光を照射する過程は、前記配向膜の前記偏光マスクに対する相対的な位置を前記第1方向に沿って移動させながら行い、
前記光学層が配向膜により配向が制御され、
前記光学素子は、
光軸または光吸収軸の方向が一方向に沿って変化し、下記数式1により決められる前記光軸または光吸収軸の平均変化率(V)が0を超えて、5以下である領域である変化領域を含み、下記数式4により決められる前記変化領域の回転角(φ)が70度以上である前記光学層、及び、前記光学層と接する前記配向膜を含む、光学素子の製造方法。
[数式4]
φ=V×L
前記数式4において、φは、回転角であり、Vは、下記数式1により決められる平均変化率(単位:度/mm)であり、Lは前記変化領域の長さ(単位:mm)である。
[数式1]
V=360/P
前記数式1において、Vは前記平均変化率(単位:mm)であり、Pは前記変化領域のピッチであり、前記変化領域のピッチは、時計回り又は反時計回りに測定した際に、前記光軸または光吸収軸が360度の回転を完成するために必要とされる前記一方向に沿って測定される長さ(単位:mm)である。 - 前記光学素子の前記変化領域内で光軸または光吸収軸が互いに異なる領域間に境界が観察されない請求項1に記載の光学素子の製造方法。
- 前記光学素子の前記変化領域の光軸または光吸収軸の変化が下記数式3を満たす請求項1または2に記載の光学素子の製造方法。
[数式3]
Y=a×X
数式3において、Xは、前記変化領域の開始地点から前記一方向に沿って測定される距離(単位:mm)であり、Yは、前記変化領域の開始地点の光軸または光吸収軸を基準に測定した前記Xの地点で光軸または光吸収軸が回転した角度(単位:度)であり、aは0を超えて、5以下である範囲内の数(単位:度/mm)である。 - 前記光学層は、単層である請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の光学素子の製造方法。
- 前記数式4により決められる前記変化領域の回転角(φ)が100度以上である請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の光学素子の製造方法。
- 前記光学層は、液晶高分子層である請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の光学素子の製造方法。
- 前記光学層は、二色性染料を含む液晶高分子層または有方性液晶層である請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の光学素子の製造方法。
- 前記光学素子は、基材層をさらに含み、前記光学層は、前記基材層の一面に形成されている請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の光学素子の製造方法。
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