JP6329368B2 - マトリックス中にグラフト化ナノチューブ又はナノワイヤーを含む材料、その調製方法及びその用途 - Google Patents
マトリックス中にグラフト化ナノチューブ又はナノワイヤーを含む材料、その調製方法及びその用途 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6329368B2 JP6329368B2 JP2013517339A JP2013517339A JP6329368B2 JP 6329368 B2 JP6329368 B2 JP 6329368B2 JP 2013517339 A JP2013517339 A JP 2013517339A JP 2013517339 A JP2013517339 A JP 2013517339A JP 6329368 B2 JP6329368 B2 JP 6329368B2
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- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Description
(1)<スピン−コーティング>の名称で知られる遠心沈殿法による、ポリスチレン(非特許文献2)もしくはポリ(メチル−メタアクリレート)(PMMA)(非特許文献8)での析出方法;
(2)パリレン(非特許文献9)もしくは窒化ケイ素(Si3N4)(非特許文献6)によるCVD析出方法;又は
(3)減圧下、一工程での含浸方法。
−少なくとも1種の有機ポリマーを共有結合グラフトさせた少なくとも2本のナノチューブ又は少なくとも2本のナノワイヤー;及び
該ナノチューブ又はナノワイヤー間に配列した1種のマトリックス。
−垂直マトリックス中に互いに整列させたナノチューブ又はナノワイヤー;及び
−該ナノチューブ又はナノワイヤー間に配列したマトリックス;
を含んでなる材料であって、
少なくとも1種の有機ポリマーが少なくとも2本の当該ナノチューブ又は少なくとも2本の当該ナノワイヤーに共有結合グラフトしていることを特徴とする材料に関する。
−単一のグラフェン層が存在する場合には、単シートナノチューブ、単壁ナノチューブ又はSWNTといい;
−2層のグラフェン層の場合には、二重シートナノチューブ、二重壁ナノチューブ又はDWNTといい;
−数層のグラフェン層の場合には、多重シートナノチューブ、多重壁ナノチューブ又はMWNTという。
−開裂し得るアリール塩から誘導される少なくとも1つの単位、及び/又は
−少なくとも1つのエチレン型結合を有するモノマーから誘導される少なくとも1つの単位、及び/又は
−少なくとも2つのカルボン酸官能基を有するモノマーから誘導される少なくとも1つの単位、及び/又は
−少なくとも2つのアミン官能基を有するモノマーから誘導される少なくとも1つの単位、及び/又は
1つのカルボン酸官能基及び1つのアミン官能基を有するモノマーから誘導される少なくとも1つの単位。
本発明の範囲内で適用される有機ポリマーは、有利には、かかる単位に対応する周期的パターン単位からなる。
R−N2 +,A− (I)
(式中、Aは一価アニオンを表し、そして
Rはアリール基を表す)
a)垂直マトリックスにおいて互いに整列したナノチューブの中の少なくとも2本のナノチューブに対して、又は垂直マトリックスにおいて互いに整列したナノワイヤーの中の少なくとも2本のナノワイヤーに対して、同一もしくは異なる有機ポリマーのいずれかをグラフトする工程;
b)工程(a)に続いて得られたナノチューブ及びナノワイヤー間に、前記定義のマトリックスを配置する工程。
−カルボキシル官能基、多芳香族アリール型のアリール基、ラジカル因子、ヒドロキシル官能基、アルコール官能基、アミン官能基、エステル官能基、アルデヒド官能基、ヒドラジド官能基、ケトン官能基、エポキシ官能基、イソシアネート官能基、マレイミド官能基、ジエン官能基又はチオール官能基から選択される基;又は
−かかる基で置換されたアルキル基。
−ナノチューブ又はナノワイヤーの酸化処理;
−ナノチューブ、特にカーボンナノチューブの又はナノワイヤーのジアゾニウムによるアリール化[Marcoux et al., 2004, <Electrochemical functionalization of nanotube films; growth of aryl chain on single-walled carbon nanotubes>(ナノチューブフィルムの電気化学的官能基化), New J. Chem., Vol.28, pages 302-307.];
−1,3−双極シクロ付加によるナノチューブ又はナノワイヤーの官能基化[Wang et al., 2005, <Microwave-induced rapid chemical functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes>(単壁カーボンナノチューブのマイクロ波誘発迅速化学官能基化), Carbon, Vol.43, pages 1015-1020.];
−[2+1]シクロ付加によるナノチューブ又はナノワイヤーの官能基化[Hu et al., 2003, <Sidewall functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes by addition of dichlorocarbene>(ジクロロカルベン添加による単壁カーボンナノチューブの側壁官能基化), J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol.125, pages 14893-14900.]。
−物理的処理:例えば、プラズマ、特に酸素プラズマによる処理、UV処理、X線もしくはガンマ線による処理、電子及び重イオンの照射による処理;又は
−化学的処理:例えば、アルコール性カリによる処理、強酸(HCl、H2SO4、HNO3、HClO4)による処理、ソーダによる処理、強力酸化剤(塩酸、硫酸もしくは硝酸中のKMnO4、K2Cr2O7、KClO3もしくはCrO3)による処理、及びオゾン処理。
a2)ナノチューブ又はナノワイヤーを、上記定義の少なくとも1種の開裂し得るアリール塩と上記定義の少なくとも1つのエチレン型結合をもつ少なくとも1種のモノマー(任意選択)とを含んでなる溶液S1と接触させる工程;
b2)当該溶液S1を、当該開裂し得るアリール塩からラジカル因子を形成させ得る非電気化学的条件に付す工程。
a3)該ナノチューブ又はナノワイヤーを、少なくとも1種の開裂し得るアリール塩又は少なくとも1つのエチレン型結合をもつ少なくとも1種のモノマーを含んでなる溶液S2と接触させる工程;
b3)工程(a3)で適用される開裂し得るアリール塩又は少なくとも1つのエチレン型結合をもつモノマーの還元電位よりも高い陰極電位に当該ナノチューブ又は当該ナノワイヤーを偏倚させる工程。
−もっぱら、1種(又はそれ以上)の開裂し得るアリール塩(類)から誘導される(又は由来する)単位;
−もっぱら、少なくとも1つのエチレン型結合をもつ1種(又はそれ以上)のモノマー(類)から誘導される(又は由来する)単位;
−開裂し得るアリール塩から誘導される(又は由来する)少なくとも1種の単位及び少なくとも1つのエチレン型結合をもつモノマーから誘導される(又は由来する)少なくともう1種の単位。
この技法によっては、複合体である整列CNTに共有結合したPSマトリックスを得るために、単独重合スチレン反応を終結するまで継続させることによっても、CNTの外表面に共有結合グラフトしたポリスチレン層を得ることが可能である。
スチレン/過酸化ベンゾイル溶液(1質量%)をフラスコに入れ、−90〜−100kPaの減圧下に45分間脱気する。
Claims (14)
- −カーペットを形成する、整列したナノチューブ又はナノワイヤー;及び
−該ナノチューブ又はナノワイヤー間に配置したマトリックス;
を含んでなる複合体であって、
有機ポリマーが、当該ナノチューブの外部側面部分又は当該ナノワイヤーの側面部分に共有結合グラフトし、付着層を形成していることを特徴とする複合体。 - 当該ナノチューブが無機ナノチューブである請求項1記載の複合体。
- 当該無機ナノチューブが、イモゴライトナノチューブ、窒化ホウ素(BN)ナノチューブ、酸化亜鉛(ZnO)ナノチューブ、窒化ガリウム(GaN)ナノチューブ、窒化ケイ素(Si3N4)ナノチューブ、二硫化タングステン(WS2)ナノチューブ、二硫化モリブデン(MoS2)ナノチューブ、セレン化タングステン(WSe2)ナノチューブ、セレン化モリブデン(MoSe2)ナノチューブ、二酸化チタン(TiO2)ナノチューブ又は三酸化モリブデン(MoO3)ナノチューブ、及びそれらの混合物の1つからなる群より選択されることを特徴とする請求項2記載の複合体。
- 当該ナノチューブが有機ナノチューブである請求項1記載の複合体。
- 当該有機ナノチューブが、カーボンナノチューブ、ペプチドナノチューブ、環状ペプチドナノチューブ、膜貫通型分子ナノチューブ、クラウンエーテルナノチューブ、ポルフィリンナノチューブ、アクアポリンナノチューブ、グラミシジンナノチューブ、ポリマーナノチューブ、有機分子の自己集合により形成されるナノチューブ、及びそれらの混合物の1つからなる群より選択されることを特徴とする請求項4記載の複合体。
- 該ナノワイヤーが、金(Au)ナノワイヤー、銀(Ag)ナノワイヤー、ニッケル(Ni)ナノワイヤー、白金(Pt)ナノワイヤー、ケイ素(Si)ナノワイヤー、窒化ガリウム(GaN)ナノワイヤー、リン化インジウム(InP)ナノワイヤー、二酸化ケイ素(SiO2)ナノワイヤー、二酸化チタン(TiO2)ナノワイヤー、酸化亜鉛(ZnO)ナノワイヤー、1,5−ジアミノアントラキノンナノワイヤー、DNA(<デオキシリボ核酸>)ナノチューブ、ナノチューブからなるナノワイヤー及びそれらの混合物の1つからなる群より選択されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の複合体。
- 当該複合体が104〜1013ナノチューブ(又はナノワイヤー)/cm2からなる密度を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の複合体。
- 当該有機ポリマーが:
−開裂し得るアリール塩から誘導される少なくとも1つの単位、
−少なくとも1つのエチレン型結合を有するモノマーから誘導される少なくとも1つの単位、
−少なくとも2つのカルボン酸官能基を有するモノマーから誘導される少なくとも1つの単位、
−少なくとも2つのアミン官能基を有するモノマーから誘導される少なくとも1つの単位、及び
−1つのカルボン酸官能基及び1つのアミン官能基を有するモノマーから誘導される少なくとも1つの単位
からなる群より選択される1単位、2単位、3単位、4単位又は5単位を含んでなることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の複合体。 - 当該有機ポリマーが、カルボキシル官能基、アリール基、ラジカル因子、ヒドロキシル官能基、アルコール官能基、アミン官能基、エステル官能基、アルデヒド官能基、ヒドラジド官能基、ケトン官能基、エポキシ官能基、イソシアネート官能基、マレイミド官能基、ジエン官能基及びチオール官能基から選択される少なくとも1つの反応性官能基により置換されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の複合体。
- 当該マトリックスが、セラミックマトリックス、ポリマーマトリックス、バイオマスに由来するマトリックス又はセルロース誘導体に由来するマトリックス、及びその混合物からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の複合体。
- 該マトリックスを構成する複合体が、請求項9に記載の少なくとも1種の反応性官能基により置換されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の複合体。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の複合体を調製する方法であって、
a)整列したナノチューブの外部側面部分に対して、又は整列したナノワイヤーの側面部分に対して、請求項1、8又は9のいずれかに記載の同一もしくは異なる有機ポリマーのいずれかをグラフトする工程;
b)工程(a)に続いて得られたナノチューブ又はナノワイヤー間に、請求項1、10又は11のいずれかに記載のマトリックスを配置する工程;
からなる連続工程を含んでなることを特徴とする方法。 - 工程(a)に際し適用されるグラフティングが、ナノチューブ又はナノワイヤーの官能基化と引き続く有機ポリマーとのカップリング;ラジカル化学グラフティング;エレクトログラフティング;フォトグラフティング;原子転移でのラジカル重合によるグラフティング;ニトロキシドにより制御されるラジカル重合によるグラフティング;付加フラグメント化によるラジカル重合によるグラフティング;気相グラフティング及びマイクロ波活性化グラフティング;から選択されることを特徴とする請求項12記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の複合体を含んでなる要素であって、当該要素が、分離膜、触媒支持体、電極、複合材料、又はエネルギーの貯蔵もしくは変換用のデバイスからなる群より選択されることを特徴とする要素。
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US7931838B2 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2011-04-26 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Method for making oriented single-walled carbon nanotube/polymer nano-composite membranes |
FR2910010B1 (fr) * | 2006-12-19 | 2009-03-06 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de preparation d'un film organique a la surface d'un support solide dans des conditions non-electrochimiques, support solide ainsi obtenu et kit de preparation |
WO2008104078A1 (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2008-09-04 | National Research Council Of Canada | Block functionalization methods |
US8974904B2 (en) * | 2007-07-05 | 2015-03-10 | University Of Dayton | Aligned carbon nanotubes for dry adhesives and methods for producing same |
FR2930900B1 (fr) * | 2008-05-06 | 2010-09-10 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif de separation de biomolecules d'un fluide |
WO2009148959A2 (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2009-12-10 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Membranes with functionalized carbon nanotube pores for selective transport |
US7993524B2 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2011-08-09 | Nanoasis Technologies, Inc. | Membranes with embedded nanotubes for selective permeability |
-
2010
- 2010-07-02 FR FR1055404A patent/FR2962052B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2011
- 2011-07-04 US US13/807,180 patent/US20130108865A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-07-04 JP JP2013517339A patent/JP6329368B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-07-04 EP EP11733618.0A patent/EP2588220A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2011-07-04 WO PCT/EP2011/061239 patent/WO2012001177A1/fr active Application Filing
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Publication number | Publication date |
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US20130108865A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
JP2013545825A (ja) | 2013-12-26 |
WO2012001177A1 (fr) | 2012-01-05 |
FR2962052A1 (fr) | 2012-01-06 |
EP2588220A1 (fr) | 2013-05-08 |
FR2962052B1 (fr) | 2015-04-03 |
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