JP6316819B2 - 物品に調整可能な物理的透過性を与える動的材料 - Google Patents
物品に調整可能な物理的透過性を与える動的材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6316819B2 JP6316819B2 JP2015529938A JP2015529938A JP6316819B2 JP 6316819 B2 JP6316819 B2 JP 6316819B2 JP 2015529938 A JP2015529938 A JP 2015529938A JP 2015529938 A JP2015529938 A JP 2015529938A JP 6316819 B2 JP6316819 B2 JP 6316819B2
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Description
動的材料は、潜在的に物理的な1以上の反応性の応答を提供するものであり、これらに限定されないが、形状記憶ポリマー、形状記憶合金、電気活性化ポリマー、磁気反応性ポリマー等を含むと考えられる。上述したように、1以上の刺激に反応可能な追加の材料が考えられる。例えば、熱エネルギー(または刺激に反応して発生した熱)に反応して、物理的な形状変化をもたらす材料が考えられる。代替的な材料例には、磁気的刺激が熱エネルギーに変換されて、物理的変化が誘引されるものがある。同様に、光エネルギーの形態でエネルギーを受信し、その後、物理的変化に応答して該光エネルギーを熱エネルギーに変換するのに有効な材料が考えられる。
1以上の刺激に反応し、形状に影響を与える目的で活用される材料に関わらず、種々の方法で材料を適用できると考えられる。例えば、形状変化材料を物品(または物品を形成する基材)上に印刷すること、物品(又は基材)にラミネートして適用すること、材料(織物、ニット素材)に繊維レベルで組込むこと、および/または、糸/フィラメントのレベルで組込むことが企図されている。形状変化材料を物品に一体化させる他の方法が、本開示の範囲に含まれると考えられる。
図面を参照すると、1つ以上の刺激によって誘引される物理的変化を伴う、動的材料の動きが得られる様々な材料、材料応用および物理的構成要素が組込まれた、例示的な機械的構造が示されている。以下の記載は、本質的に例示されたものであり、本発明の概念の範囲を制限するものではない。むしろ、以下に記載する機械的構造は、形状記憶材料を利用して環境値を制御することを企図し、そしてかかる制御を可能にする構造への洞察を提供する。
動的材料は、例えば、図1〜9および図13,14に示すような、1以上の刺激に反応する、立体(ディメンション化した)構造を形成するよう実施することができる。立体構造は、有効容積を形成して、空気および/または湿気の移動に影響を及ぼすことができる。例えば、動的材料は、熱エネルギーに反応して物品のロフト(すなわち、絶縁性の容量部分)を変化させるために用いることができる。この例では、物品(例えば、シャツ、ズボン、下着、アウターウェア)の着用者の活動量が(例えば、運動競技に参加するなどして)増し、体温が上昇し始めると、物品は、着用者によって放出された熱エネルギーの増加に対する機械的反応に基づき、物品の1箇所以上で断熱性を低減する。同様に、外部の熱エネルギー(または任意の他の刺激)が変化したとき、物品はそれらの変化に適用することができる(例えば、周囲温度が下がったとき、動的材料は物品にロフトを増やして、断熱係数を増加させる)。ここに、立体構造の追加の例が示されている。しかしながら、本明細書に記載された追加の態様およびかかる態様の導電体もまた、本発明の潜在的な実装であり、物品に組込まれた動的材料を有し、動的にディメンション化する動的材料を達成するためのものである。
本発明の態様は、動的材料を用いて、物品の透過特性を変化させることができる。例えば、少なくとも図10A−10Cおよび図16−19Bについて記載したように、動的材料によって物品を操作することによれば、空気流動および/または湿気移動をもたらす透過性を変化させることができる。本発明のさらなる概念は、以下に説明する図38−42に記載された物品において、動的材料の透過性を促進することを企図している。
Claims (19)
- 動的透過性を有する衣料品であって、
・上面および該上面の反対側の底面、第1端部および該第1端部の反対側の第2端部、ならびに第1側面および該第1側面の反対側の第2側面を有する第1材料部と、
・上面および該上面の反対側の底面、第1端部および該第1端部の反対側の第2端部、ならびに第1側面および該第1側面の反対側の第2側面を有する第2材料部と、を具え、
前記第1材料部の底面が前記第2材料部の上面と対向し、前記第1材料部の第1端部が前記第2材料部の第1端部と整列し、前記第1材料部の第1側面が前記第2材料部の第1側面と整列し、
前記第1材料部がギルスリットを有し、該ギルスリットは、当該第1材料部の上面および底面を介して、該ギルスリットの開始点よりも前記第1端部側に位置する変曲点を伴って第1側面から第2側面の方向に延在し、当該第1材料部のギルスリットによって第1材料部ギルが形成され、
前記第2材料がギルスリットを有し、該ギルスリットは、当該第2材料部の上面および底面を介して、該ギルスリットの開始点よりも前記第2端部側に位置する変曲点を伴って第1側面から第2側面の方向に延在し、当該第2材料部のギルスリットによって第2材料部ギルが形成され、
前記第1材料部のギルの上面の少なくとも一部は、前記第2材料部のギルの底面と対向し、更に、
前記第1材料部の第1端部から第2端部の方向に延在する動的材料を具え、該動的材料によって、少なくとも前記第1材料部に前記第1端部から前記第2端部の方向に働く力を発生可能とした、動的透過性を有する衣料品。 - 前記衣料品は、シャツ、ズボン、ショートパンツ、アウター、アンダーウェア、ソックス、ヘッドウェアおよびハンドウェアを含む群から選択される、請求項1に記載の衣料品。
- 前記第1材料部のギルスリットがハーフダイヤモンド形状である、請求項1に記載の衣料品。
- 前記第1材料部の前記ギルスリットの変曲点が曲線の頂部である、請求項1に記載の衣料品。
- 前記第1材料部の前記ギルスリットの変曲点が頂点である、請求項1に記載の衣料品。
- 前記第1材料部は、前記第2端部より前記第1端部に近接した変曲点を有する複数のギルを具える、請求項1に記載の衣料品。
- 前記第1材料部ギルおよび前記第2材料部ギルが、ダイヤモンド形を形成するよう整列された、請求項1に記載の衣料品。
- 前記第1材料部ギルの前記上面と、前記第2材料部ギルの前記底面とによって定義される、前記第1材料部および前記第2材料部を介して延びるチャネルをさらに具える、請求項1に記載の衣料品。
- 前記第1材料部ギルが、刺激に反応して、閉口配向から開口配向に遷移する、請求項1に記載の衣料品。
- 前記第1の材料部および前記第2の材料部が、前記第1材料部ギルおよび前記第2材料部ギルとは別の位置にて結合している、請求項1に記載の衣料品。
- 前記動的材料が、前記第1材料部と結合しているが前記第2材料部とは結合していない、請求項1に記載の衣料品。
- 前記動的材料が、前記第1材料部の底面および前記第2材料部の上面の双方と結合している、請求項1に記載の衣料品。
- 第1動的材料部は、当該動的材料部の共通軸に沿って正の曲げおよび負の曲げを伴う複雑形状を形成している、請求項1に記載の衣料品。
- 前記動的材料が形状記憶ポリマーである、請求項1に記載の衣料品。
- 前記動的材料が前記第1端部から第2端部へ向かう方向にジグザグに延びている、請求項1に記載の衣料品。
- バイアス材料をさらに具え、該バイアス材料は、前記動的材料によって作用する指向力に対し抵抗する、請求項1に記載の衣料品。
- 請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の動的材料によって活性化される物品の製造方法であって、
当該方法は、動的材料を物品に組込むステップと、当該動的材料を第1形状にプログラムするステップと、前記動的材料を第2形状から前記第1形状に変化させるべく、該動的材料を十分な刺激にさらすステップと、を具える製造方法。 - 前記第1形状における透過性が前記第2形状における透過性よりも高い、請求項17に記載の製造方法。
- 前記物品の第1材料部内に第1ギルを形成するステップと、当該物品の第2材料部内に第2のギルを形成するステップと、前記第1ギルを前記第2材料部の第2ギルスリットを介して延在させるステップと、前記第2ギルを前記第1材料部の第1ギルスリットを介して延在させるステップと、をさらに具える、請求項17に記載の製造方法。
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