JP6307537B2 - Ssd環境のための適応的raid - Google Patents
Ssd環境のための適応的raid Download PDFInfo
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Description
繰り返すが、図示のように、ネットワークアーキテクチャ100は、ネットワーク180及び190を介して互いに及びデータストレージアレイ120a〜120bに相互接続されたクライアントコンピュータシステム110a〜110cを含む。ネットワーク180及び190は、無線接続、直接ローカルエリアネットワーク(LAN)接続、ストレージエリアネットワーク(SAN)、インターネットなどの広域ネットワーク(WAN)接続及びルータなどを含む様々な技術を含むことができる。ネットワーク180及び190は、1又はそれ以上のLANを含むことができ、これらは無線であってもよい。ネットワーク180及び190は、リモートダイレクトメモリアクセス(RDMA)ハードウェア及び/又はソフトウェア、伝送制御プロトコル/インターネットプロトコル(TCP/IP)ハードウェア及び/又はソフトウェア、ルータ、リピータ、スイッチ及び/又はグリッドなどをさらに含むことができる。ネットワーク180及び190内では、イーサネット(登録商標)、ファイバチャネル、ファイバチャネルオーバーイーサネット(FCoE)及びiSCSIなどのプロトコルを使用することができる。スイッチ140は、ネットワーク180及び190の両方に関連するプロトコルを利用することができる。ネットワーク190は、伝送制御プロトコル(TCP)及びインターネットプロトコル(IP)、すなわちTCP/IPなどの、インターネット160に使用される通信プロトコルの組と整合することができる。スイッチ150は、TCP/IPスイッチとすることができる。
ここで図2を参照すると、動的デバイス内冗長スキームの1つの実施形態を示す汎用ブロック図を示している。当業者には周知のように、ストレージデバイス内の潜在的なセクタエラーの影響を低減するように複数のデバイス内冗長スキームの1つを選択することができる。通常、「セクタ」という用語は、ディスク上の所与のトラック内のセグメントなどの、HDD上における基本記憶単位を意味する。ここでは、「セクタ」という用語は、SSD上における基本的な割り当て単位(アロケーションユニット)を意味することもできる。
ここで図4を参照すると、ストレージサブシステムの1つの実施形態の汎用ブロック図を示している。1又はそれ以上のデバイスグループ173a〜173mの1つにおいて、1又はそれ以上のストレージデバイス176a〜176mの各々を分割することができる。同様に、他のデバイスを含む他のデバイスグループも存在し得る。各ストレージデバイスの対応する動作キュー及び状態テーブルを、デバイスユニット400a〜400wの1つに含めることができる。これらのデバイスユニットを、RAM172に記憶することができる。デバイスグループ173a〜173mの各々に関し、対応するRAIDエンジン178a〜178mを含めることができる。各RAIDエンジン178は、対応するデバイスグループ内のストレージデバイスの各々の統計値を追跡するモニタ410を含むことができる。データレイアウトロジック420は、対応するストレージデバイス内の、ユーザデータ、デバイス間冗長データ及びデバイス内冗長データに対して割り当てるべき空き容量を決定することができる。ストレージコントローラ174は、ウェアレベリング、ガベージコレクション、I/Oスケジューリング、重複除外、並びに着信及び発信パケットのプロトコル変換といったタスクのうちの少なくとも1つを行うためのその他の制御ロジック430を含むことができる。
ここで図7を参照すると、フレキシブルなRAIDデータレイアウトアーキテクチャの1つの実施形態を示す汎用ブロック図を示している。RAIDエンジンは、ストレージデバイス176a〜176kに使用すべき保護レベルを決定することができる。例えば、RAIDエンジンは、ストレージデバイス176a〜176kにRAIDダブルパリティを利用すると決定することができる。デバイス間冗長データ240は、対応するユーザデータから生成されたRAIDダブルパリティ値を表すことができる。1つの実施形態では、ストレージデバイス176j及び176kが、ダブルパリティ情報を記憶することができる。他のレベルのRAIDパリティ保護も可能であり、企図されると理解されたい。また、他の実施形態では、ダブルパリティ情報を、各RAIDストライプのストレージデバイス176j及び176kに記憶するのではなく、この記憶をストレージデバイス間で循環させることもできる。ダブルパリティ情報がストレージデバイス176j及び176kに記憶されるように示しているのは、図示及び説明を簡単にするためである。
同様に、ストライプのパリティ保護を増加させることもでき、別のデバイス上に記憶された保護データをストライプに追加することもできる。
ここで図10を参照すると、フレキシブルなRAIDデータレイアウトアーキテクチャのさらに別の実施形態を示す汎用ブロック図を示している。図8に示す汎用ブロック図と同様に、フレキシブルなRAIDデータレイアウトアーキテクチャを使用することができる。ストレージデバイス176a〜176kは、複数のストレージデバイスにわたってレイアウトされた複数のRAIDストライプを含む。ストレージデバイス176a〜176kの各々は複数のページを含むが、図を簡単にするために、ページ1010及びページ1020にしかラベルを付けていない。図示の例では、ストレージデバイス176j及び176kがダブルパリティ情報を記憶するダブルパリティRAIDデータレイアウトが選択されている。
様々な実施形態では、本明細書で説明するシステムが物理層を含み、これを通じてシステムの他の要素がストレージデバイスと通信することができる。例えば、スケジューリングロジック、RAIDロジック及びその他のロジックは、ソフトウェア及び/又はハードウェアのあらゆる好適な組み合わせを含む物理層を介してストレージデバイスと通信することができる。一般に、物理層は、永続ストレージへのアクセスの提供及びデータストレージの完全性に関する機能の実行を含む様々な機能を実行する。
(1)RAIDレベル−セグメント内のデバイス間保護に使用されるRAIDレベル。
これにより、ミラーリング、パリティ、又はECC RAID、及びどれだけのセグメントシャードがパリティを含むかを決定することができる。
(2)デバイスレイアウトI/Oシャードサイズ−書き込み中に各デバイスにわたるストライピングに使用するサイズを表す。このサイズは、典型的には256KB〜1MBとなり、恐らくは各デバイス上の消去ブロックサイズの倍数となる。図11Bには、例示目的でI/Oシャードサイズ1125を挙げている。
(3)I/O読み込みサイズ−論理的読み込みサイズである。各I/Oシャードを一連の論理ページとしてフォーマットすることができる。さらに各ページは、ページ内のデータのヘッダ及びチェックサムを含むことができる。読み込みが発行された場合、この読み込みは、1又はそれ以上の論理ページに対するものとなり、チェックサムを使用して各ページ内のデータを検証することができる。
(4)I/OシャードRAIDレベル−I/Oシャードは、再生中に見つかった潜在的なエラーを処理すべきシャード内パリティを有する。このパラメータは、どのタイプのパリティがシャード内保護に使用されているか、従ってどれだけのシャード内パリティのコピーが維持されるかを決定する。
(5)I/Oパリティチャンク−様々な実施形態では、ストレージデバイスが、ページ単位でECCを行うことができる。従って、エラーが見つかった場合、物理ページ全体の不具合を示している可能性がある。I/Oパリティチャンクは、セグメント内の各デバイス上の物理ページサイズの最小公倍数であり、I/Oパリティチャンク又はI/O読み込みサイズのうちの大きい方にI/Oシャードをストライピングすることにより、シャード内パリティが計算される。ページパリティの1又はそれ以上のページを含めることができる。様々な実施形態では、チェックサム検証が失敗に終わった場合、このパリティを使用してデータを再生することができる。
各デバイスのローカルなセグメントには、各デバイスの摩耗率テーブル(WLT)を記憶することができる。この情報を、各セグメントシャードのヘッダに記憶することもできる。1つの実施形態では、摩耗情報が、アロケーションユニットが消去及び再利用された回数を表す整数である。摩耗情報は正確でない場合もあるので、一定量の行動が行われた場合、又は相当期間にわたってシステムがアイドルであった場合に、デバイスに対するテーブルのフラッシュを行なうことができる。WLTは、新たなWLTセグメントを割り当てる際に古いWLTセグメントをクリーニングすることに関与することもできる。追加の保護層を加えるために、古いコピーを解放する前にこれらを維持することができる。例えば、テーブルマネージャが、WLTエントリの以前の消去ブロック及び現在の消去ブロックを常に保持し、新たなセグメントを割り当てる場合には、この新たなセグメントの第2の消去ブロックに書き込みを行うまで古いセグメントを解放しないように保証する。
AU状態テーブル(AST)は、各AUの状態を追跡する。この状態には、空き、割り当て済み、消去済み、及び不良がある。このASTを、デバイス上のセグメントに記憶することができる。割り当て済み又は空きへの状態変更は同期更新とすることができ、不良又は消去済みへの状態変更は非同期更新とすることができる。一般に、このテーブルは十分に小さく、NVRAMに記録できるだけの十分な更新を有することができる。ASTは、新たなセグメントを割り当てる際に古いWLTセグメントをクリーニングすることに関与することができる。ASTは、ドライブ上の各AUの第1のブロックをスキャンすることによって完全に回復できるので、古いASTのコピーを保持する必要はない。
AUエラーテーブル(AET)を使用して、各AU内の回復可能エラー及び回復不能エラーの数を追跡することができる。AETは、デバイス上のセグメントに記憶され、各フィールドは、2バイトの整数とすることができる。このテーブル全体は、AU当たり4バイトの比較的小さなものとすることができる。
ここで図12を参照すると、ハイブリッドRAIDデータレイアウト1200の1つの実施形態を示す汎用ブロック図を示している。3つの区分を示しているが、あらゆる数の区分を選択することができる。各区分は、図1に示すデバイスグループ713a〜173bなどの別個のデバイスグループに対応することができる。各区分は、複数のストレージデバイスを含む。1つの実施形態では、CRUSHアルゴリズムなどのアルゴリズムを利用して、データストレージに使用すべきRAIDデータレイアウトアーキテクチャにおいていずれのデバイスを使用すべきかを選択することができる。
Claims (19)
- 読み込み及び書き込み要求を受け取るように構成されたデータストレージサブシステムと、ストレージコントローラとを備えたコンピュータシステムであって、
前記データストレージサブシステムは、独立ドライブ冗長アレイ(RAID)構成で複数のデータストレージデバイス上に複数のデータ記憶位置を含み、
前記ストレージコントローラは、
前記複数のデータストレージデバイスに、第1のRAIDストライプを書き込み、
前記第1のRAIDストライプを書き込むことは、前記複数のデータストレージデバイスの第1のデータストレージデバイスに記憶される前記第1のRAIDストライプの第1のRAIDデータを保護するためのデバイス内保護データを記憶するための第1の空き容量を、前記第1のデータストレージデバイスに配置することを含み、
前記複数のデータストレージデバイスに、第2のRAIDストライプを書き込み、
前記第2のRAIDストライプを書き込むことは、前記第1の空き容量を配置することに加えて、前記第1のデータストレージデバイスに記憶される前記第2のRAIDストライプの第2のRAIDデータを保護するためのデバイス内保護データを記憶するための第2の空き容量を、前記第1のデータストレージデバイスに配置することを含み、
前記第1の空き容量は、前記第2の空き容量とは異なる、
ように構成される、
コンピュータシステム。 - 前記ストレージコントローラは、
データを記憶する際に使用するための、前記第1のRAIDストライプのための第1のRAIDレイアウトを決定し、
データを記憶する際に使用するための、前記第2のRAIDストライプのための第2のRAIDレイアウトを決定し、前記第2のRAIDレイアウトは前記第1のRAIDレイアウトとは異なるように更に構成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコンピュータシステム。 - 前記ストレージコントローラは、前記複数のデータストレージデバイスの特定のデータストレージデバイスにおける信頼性を決定し、決定された前記信頼性に基づき前記第2のRAIDストライプのためのデバイス間RAIDレベルを選択し、
前記信頼性は、前記特定のデータストレージデバイスの使用年数に少なくとも部分的に基づいて決定され、前記複数のデータストレージデバイスは複数のソリッドステートドライブを含み、前記信頼性は、前記特定のデータストレージデバイスを含むソリッドステートドライブのアクセス率に少なくとも部分的に基づくことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコンピュータシステム。 - 前記ストレージコントローラは、前記複数のデータストレージデバイスの特定のデータストレージデバイスにおける信頼性を決定し、決定された前記信頼性に基づき前記第2のRAIDストライプのためのデバイス間RAIDレベルを選択し、
前記信頼性は、前記特定のデータストレージデバイスのエラー率に少なくとも部分的に基づいて決定されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコンピュータシステム。 - 前記ストレージコントローラは、
前記第1のRAIDストライプのRAIDデータに対応するデバイス間保護データを記憶している特定の記憶位置を識別し、
前記特定の記憶位置を割り当て解除する、ように構成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコンピュータシステム。 - 前記ストレージコントローラは、前記特定の記憶位置のうちの1又はそれ以上を、第3のRAIDストライプにおける付加的なRAIDデータを記憶するために再割り当てするように更に構成される、
ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載のコンピュータシステム。 - 再割り当てされた特定の記憶位置は、前記デバイス間保護データに使用していたものと同じサイズ又は配列を前記付加的なRAIDデータに使用しなくてもよい、ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載のコンピュータシステム。
- 前記複数のデータストレージデバイスのうちの前記第1のデータストレージデバイスは、データを消去ブロックサイズ単位で消去するように構成され、前記ストレージコントローラは、消去ブロックよりもサイズが小さなデータ部分へのアクセスに失敗したことを検出したことに応答して、
前記失敗したデータ部分を含むデータの特定の消去ブロックサイズ部分を識別し、
再生されたデータ部分を形成できなかった前記データ部分を再生し、
前記第1のデータストレージデバイスが、前記再生されたデータ部分を含むデータの前記特定の消去
ブロックサイズ部分を書き込むようにする、ように構成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコンピュータシステム。 - 前記ストレージコントローラは、あるデータ部分へのアクセスに失敗したことを検出したことに応答して、
再生されたデータ部分を形成できなかった前記データ部分を再生し、
前記複数のデータストレージデバイスのうちの特定のデータストレージデバイス内のデバイス間保護データをシュレッドし、
前記再生されたデータ部分を特定の記憶位置に記憶する、ように構成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコンピュータシステム。 - 前記ストレージコントローラは、前記複数のデータストレージデバイスのうちの特定のデータストレージデバイスに、前記特定のデータストレージデバイスが記憶しているデータ部分をリマップして書き換えるようにするコマンドを発行するようにさらに構成される、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコンピュータシステム。
- コンピューティングシステムで使用するための方法であって、
独立ドライブ冗長アレイ(RAID)構成で複数のデータストレージデバイスの複数のデータ記憶位置を含むデータストレージサブシステムにおいて読み込み及び書き込み要求を受け取るステップを含み、
前記複数のデータストレージデバイスに、第1のRAIDストライプを書き込むステップを含み、
前記第1のRAIDストライプを書き込むステップは、前記複数のデータストレージデバイスの第1のデータストレージデバイスに記憶される前記第1のRAIDストライプの第1のRAIDデータを保護するためのデバイス内保護データを記憶するための第1の空き容量を、前記第1のデータストレージデバイスに配置することを含み、
前記複数のデータストレージデバイスに、第2のRAIDストライプを書き込むステップを含み、
前記第2のRAIDストライプを書き込むステップは、前記第1の空き容量を配置することに加えて、前記第1のデータストレージデバイスに記憶される前記第2のRAIDストライプの第2のRAIDデータを保護するためのデバイス内保護データを記憶するための第2の空き容量を、前記第1のデータストレージデバイスに配置することを含み、
前記第1の空き容量は、前記第2の空き容量とは異なる、
ことを特徴とする方法。 - データを記憶する際に使用するための、前記第1のRAIDストライプのための第1のRAIDレイアウトを決定し、
データを記憶する際に使用するための、前記第2のRAIDストライプのための第2のRAIDレイアウトを決定し、前記第2の
RAIDレイアウトは前記第1のRAIDレイアウトとは異なるように更に構成されることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記複数のデータストレージデバイスの特定のデータストレージデバイスにおける信頼性を決定し、決定された前記信頼性に基づき前記第2のRAIDストライプのためのデバイス間RAIDレベルを選択し、
前記信頼性は、前記特定のデータストレージデバイスの使用年数に少なくとも部分的に基づいて決定されることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記複数のデータストレージデバイスの特定のデータストレージデバイスにおける信頼性を決定し、決定された前記信頼性に基づき前記第2のRAIDストライプのためのデバイス間RAIDレベルを選択し、
前記信頼性は、前記特定のデータストレージデバイスのエラー率に少なくとも部分的に基づいて決定されることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記第1のRAIDストライプのRAIDデータに対応するデバイス間保護データを記憶している特定の記憶位置を識別するステップと、
前記特定の記憶位置を割り当て解除するステップと、を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の方法。 - 前記特定の記憶位置のうちの1又はそれ以上を、第3のRAIDストライプにおける付加的なRAIDデータを記憶するために再割り当てする、ことを更に含む請求項15に記載の方法。
- 再割り当てされた特定の記憶位置は、前記デバイス間保護データに使用していたものと同じサイズ又は配列を前記付加的なRAIDデータに使用しなくてもよい、ことを特徴とする請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記複数のデータストレージデバイスのうちの特定のデータストレージデバイスは、データを消去ブロックサイズ単位で消去するように構成され、前記方法は、消去ブロックよりもサイズが小さなデータ部分へのアクセスに失敗したことを検出したことに応答して、
前記失敗したデータ部分を含むデータの特定の消去ブロックサイズ部分を識別するステップと、
再生されたデータ部分を形成できなかった前記データ部分を再生するステップと、
前記第1のデータストレージデバイスが、前記再生されたデータ部分を含むデータの前記特定の消去ブロックサイズ部分を書き込むようにするステップと、をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の方法。 - プログラム命令を記憶するコンピュータ可読記憶媒体であって、前記プログラム命令は、
独立ドライブ冗長アレイ(RAID)構成で複数のデータストレージデバイスの複数のデータ記憶位置を含むデータストレージサブシステムにおいて読み込み及び書き込み要求を受け取るステップが実行可能であり、
前記複数のデータストレージデバイスに、第1のRAIDストライプを書き込むステップが実行可能であり、
前記第1のRAIDストライプを書き込むステップは、前記複数のデータストレージデバイスの第1のデータストレージデバイスに記憶される前記第1のRAIDストライプの第1のRAIDデータを保護するためのデバイス内保護データを記憶するための第1の空き容量を、前記第1のデータストレージデバイスに配置することを含み、
前記複数のデータストレージデバイスに、第2のRAIDストライプを書き込むステップが実行可能であり、
前記第2のRAIDストライプを書き込むステップは、前記第1の空き容量を配置することに加えて、前記第1のデータストレージデバイスに記憶される前記第2のRAIDストライプの第2のRAIDデータを保護するためのデバイス内保護データを記憶するための第2の空き容量を、前記第1のデータストレージデバイスに配置することを含み、
前記第1の空き容量は、前記第2の空き容量とは異なる、
ことを特徴とするコンピュータ可読記憶媒体。
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JP2016105320A (ja) | 2016-06-09 |
US20140317447A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
US9594633B2 (en) | 2017-03-14 |
KR20130118876A (ko) | 2013-10-30 |
US11435904B1 (en) | 2022-09-06 |
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US20120079318A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
EP2622475A1 (en) | 2013-08-07 |
US12111729B2 (en) | 2024-10-08 |
JP2013539132A (ja) | 2013-10-17 |
JP5894167B2 (ja) | 2016-03-23 |
US10452289B1 (en) | 2019-10-22 |
WO2012044488A1 (en) | 2012-04-05 |
CN103348326B (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
EP3082047A1 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
CN103348326A (zh) | 2013-10-09 |
US20220413958A1 (en) | 2022-12-29 |
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