JP6288659B2 - リチウム−硫黄電池用の正極(Cathode)、リチウム−硫黄電池、電池モジュール、およびリチウム−硫黄電池用の正極の製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウム−硫黄電池用の正極(Cathode)、リチウム−硫黄電池、電池モジュール、およびリチウム−硫黄電池用の正極の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6288659B2 JP6288659B2 JP2016534538A JP2016534538A JP6288659B2 JP 6288659 B2 JP6288659 B2 JP 6288659B2 JP 2016534538 A JP2016534538 A JP 2016534538A JP 2016534538 A JP2016534538 A JP 2016534538A JP 6288659 B2 JP6288659 B2 JP 6288659B2
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- positive electrode
- lithium
- sulfur
- sulfur battery
- coating layer
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- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 58
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[S] Chemical compound [C].[S] GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- -1 LiSCN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910012424 LiSO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007611 bar coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007607 die coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007756 gravure coating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 10
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006255 coating slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010116 LiAlTiP Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PPVYRCKAOVCGRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K P(=S)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ge+2].[Li+] Chemical compound P(=S)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ge+2].[Li+] PPVYRCKAOVCGRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 229910020346 SiS 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQKFNUFAXTZWDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylfuran Chemical compound CC1=CC=CO1 VQKFNUFAXTZWDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006245 Carbon black Super-P Substances 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MKGYHFFYERNDHK-UHFFFAOYSA-K P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ti+4].[Li+] MKGYHFFYERNDHK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910020213 PB(Mg3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910020210 Pb(Mg3Nb2/3)O3—PbTiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002367 SrTiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CVJYOKLQNGVTIS-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;lithium;titanium(4+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[Ti+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O CVJYOKLQNGVTIS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000664 lithium aluminum titanium phosphates (LATP) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000659 lithium lanthanum titanates (LLT) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;azanide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[NH2-] BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical group [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetyloxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCCOC(C)=O JTXMVXSTHSMVQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZKPQHFEMFIDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl hydrogen sulfite Chemical compound OCCOS(O)=O FZKPQHFEMFIDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FICAQKBMCKEFDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethyl-1,2-oxazole Chemical compound CC=1C=C(C)ON=1 FICAQKBMCKEFDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWIIJDNADIEEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one Chemical compound CN1CCOC1=O VWIIJDNADIEEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBKMJZAKWQTTHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyldioxolane Chemical compound CC1COOC1 LBKMJZAKWQTTHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006370 Kynar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910013043 Li3PO4-Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013035 Li3PO4-Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012810 Li3PO4—Li2S-SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012797 Li3PO4—Li2S—SiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010835 LiI-Li2S-P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010840 LiI—Li2S—P2S5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical class OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDUPRNVPXOHWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfite Chemical compound COS(=O)OC BDUPRNVPXOHWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011263 electroactive material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;sulfane Chemical compound C.S YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1397—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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Description
本出願はリチウム−硫黄電池用の正極、リチウム−硫黄電池、電池モジュール、およびリチウム−硫黄電池用の正極の製造方法に関する。
従来のリチウム−硫黄電池を図1に概略的に示す。
硫黄−炭素複合体を含む正極活性部、および
前記正極活性部の表面の少なくとも一部分に備えられ、無機酸化物を含む正極コーティング層
を含むリチウム−硫黄電池用の正極を提供する。
負極活物質としてリチウム金属またはリチウム合金を含む負極、
前記リチウム−硫黄電池用の正極、
前記正極と負極との間に位置するセパレータ、および
前記負極、正極およびセパレータを含浸しており、リチウム塩と有機溶媒を含む電解質
を含むリチウム−硫黄電池を提供する。
硫黄−炭素複合体を含む正極活性部を形成するステップ、および
前記正極活性部の表面の少なくとも一部分に、無機酸化物を含む正極コーティング層を形成するステップ
を含むリチウム−硫黄電池用の正極の製造方法を提供する。
本出願の一実施状態によるリチウム−硫黄電池用の正極は、硫黄−炭素複合体を含む正極活性部、および前記正極活性部の表面の少なくとも一部分に備えられ、無機酸化物を含む正極コーティング層を含む。
前記電池モジュールは、具体的には電気自動車、ハイブリッド電気自動車、プラグインハイブリッド電気自動車または電力貯蔵装置の電源として用いられることができる。
電気伝導性を有する導電性炭素と硫黄を導電性炭素:硫黄の重量比が30:70になるようにボールミル工程によって混合して硫黄−炭素複合体を得た。正極活物質スラリーの全体重量に対し、前記複合体を含む正極活物質70.0g、導電材としてSuper−P 20.0g、バインダーとしてポリビニリデンフルオリド10.0gおよび溶媒としてN−メチル−2−ピロリドン500gの組成で正極活物質スラリーを製造した後、アルミニウム集電体上にコーティングして正極活性部を製造した。
前記正極と共に、負極として約150μmの厚さを有するリチウム箔を用い、電解液として1M濃度でLiN(CF3SO2)2が溶解されたジメトキシエタン:ジオキソランを5:4の体積比で混合して電解液を製造し、セパレータとして16μm厚さのポリオレフィンを用いて、リチウム−硫黄電池を製造した。
実施例1において、正極内のAl2O3の含量を正極の全体重量に対して5重量%にし、前記正極コーティング層の厚さを2.5μmに製造したことを除いては、実施例1と同様な方法によりリチウム−硫黄電池を製造した。
実施例1において、正極内のAl2O3の含量を正極の全体重量に対して10重量%にし、前記正極コーティング層の厚さを5μmに製造したことを除いては、実施例1と同様な方法によりリチウム−硫黄電池を製造した。
実施例1において、正極の無機酸化物としてAl2O3を含む正極コーティング部のコーティングを省略したことを除いては、実施例1と同様な方法によりリチウム−硫黄電池を製造した。
前記実施例1〜3および比較例1で製造されたリチウム−硫黄電池に対し、充放電測定装置を用いて充放電特性の変化を試験した。得られた電池は0.1C/0.1C充電/放電および0.5C/0.5C充電/放電で各々100サイクル(cycle)の充放電を繰り返し行って、初期容量に対比して100サイクル(cycle)時点の容量維持率(%)を測定し、その結果を下記表1に示す。
Claims (12)
- リチウム−硫黄電池用の正極であって、
硫黄−炭素複合体を含む正極活性層、および
前記正極活性層の表面の少なくとも一部分に備えられ、無機酸化物を含む正極コーティング層
を含み、
前記無機酸化物はAl2O3であり、
前記正極コーティング層の無機酸化物の含量は、前記正極活性層の硫黄−炭素複合体の総重量を基準に0.5〜10重量%であり、
前記正極コーティング層は気孔を有し、前記気孔の平均直径は0.5〜10μmであり、
前記正極の総体積に対する前記正極コーティング層の気孔の体積の割合である気孔率は20〜70%である正極。 - 前記正極活性層の厚さは20〜100μmである、請求項1に記載のリチウム−硫黄電池用の正極。
- 前記正極コーティング層の厚さは0.01〜20μmである、請求項1または2に記載のリチウム−硫黄電池用の正極。
- 前記正極コーティング層は、前記正極活性層の表面の全体に備えられる、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム−硫黄電池用の正極。
- 前記正極活性層は、遷移金属元素、IIIA族元素、IVA族元素、これらの元素の硫黄化合物、およびこれらの元素と硫黄の合金のうちから選択された1種以上の添加剤をさらに含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム−硫黄電池用の正極。
- 負極活物質としてリチウム金属またはリチウム合金を含む負極、
請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム−硫黄電池用の正極、
前記正極と前記負極との間に位置するセパレータ、および
前記負極、前記正極および前記セパレータを含浸しており、リチウム塩と有機溶媒を含む電解質
を含むリチウム−硫黄電池。 - 前記リチウム塩は、LiSCN、LiBr、LiI、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiSO3CF3、LiClO4、LiSO3CH3、LiB(Ph)4、LiC(SO2CF3)3およびLiN(SO2CF3)2からなる群から選択された1種以上を含む、請求項6に記載のリチウム−硫黄電池。
- 前記リチウム合金は、リチウムとNa、K、Rb、Cs、Fr、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ra、AlおよびSnからなる群から選択された金属の合金である、請求項6または7に記載のリチウム−硫黄電池。
- 前記有機溶媒は、単一溶媒または2以上の混合有機溶媒である、請求項6〜8のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム−硫黄電池。
- 請求項6〜9のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム−硫黄電池を単位電池として含む電池モジュール。
- リチウム−硫黄電池用の正極の製造方法であって、
硫黄−炭素複合体を含む正極活性層を形成するステップ、および
前記正極活性層の表面の少なくとも一部分に、無機酸化物を含む正極コーティング層を形成するステップ
を含み、
前記無機酸化物はAl2O3であり、
前記正極コーティング層の無機酸化物の含量は、前記正極活性層の硫黄−炭素複合体の総重量を基準に0.5〜10重量%であり、
前記正極コーティング層は気孔を有し、前記気孔の平均直径は0.5〜10μmであり、
前記正極の総体積に対する前記正極コーティング層の気孔の体積の割合である気孔率は20〜70%である製造方法。 - 前記正極コーティング層を形成するステップは、ディップコーティング、ダイコーティング、コンマコーティング、グラビアコーティングまたはバーコーティング方法を利用する、請求項11に記載のリチウム−硫黄電池用の正極の製造方法。
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US10103380B2 (en) | 2018-10-16 |
JP2016527699A (ja) | 2016-09-08 |
RU2619080C1 (ru) | 2017-05-11 |
EP3016181B1 (en) | 2018-04-25 |
TWI553947B (zh) | 2016-10-11 |
CN105453308A (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
US20160190561A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
EP3016181A4 (en) | 2016-12-28 |
EP3016181A1 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
WO2015023154A1 (ko) | 2015-02-19 |
KR20150020144A (ko) | 2015-02-25 |
CN105453308B (zh) | 2018-09-14 |
TW201523987A (zh) | 2015-06-16 |
KR101615017B1 (ko) | 2016-04-22 |
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