JP6282586B2 - 眼の炎症状態を治療するためのエステル - Google Patents
眼の炎症状態を治療するためのエステル Download PDFInfo
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- JP6282586B2 JP6282586B2 JP2014518632A JP2014518632A JP6282586B2 JP 6282586 B2 JP6282586 B2 JP 6282586B2 JP 2014518632 A JP2014518632 A JP 2014518632A JP 2014518632 A JP2014518632 A JP 2014518632A JP 6282586 B2 JP6282586 B2 JP 6282586B2
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Description
本出願は、2012年6月13日に出願された米国特許出願第13/495,052号及び2011年6月30日に出願された米国特許仮出願第61/503,158号に対する優先権を主張するものである。
本発明は、ドライアイの緩和又は眼の炎症状態の治療のための、エステル化抗炎症脂質メディエーターを含有する眼用製品に関する。エステル化抗炎症脂質メディエーターを含む、眼用組成物が提供される。更に、眼又はコンタクトレンズに投与するための、エステル化抗炎症脂質メディエーターを含む無菌製剤、溶液、ゲル、軟膏及び/又はストリップが提供される。
CH3−CH2−CH=CH−(CH2−CH=CH)n−(CH2)x−CO−O−R (Ia)
CH3−CH2−CH=CH−(CH2−CH=CH)n−(CH2)x−CO−NH−R (Ib)
CH3−CH2−CH=CH−(CH2−CH=CH)n−(CH2)x−酸{−CO−OH} (II)
−(CH2)yCH3が挙げられるが、これに限定されない(ここで、yは0、1又はそれ以上である)。いくつかの実施形態において、yは0〜5、又は0〜3でありy=1が好ましい。
脂肪酸リウェッティングドロップにより生じる急性の眼の不快感を予測可能にするために、モデルが開発された。前記モデルでは、角膜上皮組織構成物を用いる(例えば、SkinEthicにより製造されたHCE構成物等)。化学的に定義された培地において、気液界面でヒト角膜上皮細胞が培養されることで、この組織構成物は、インビトロに再構築された全層角膜上皮組織から形成されており、角質層を欠きかつヒトの眼の粘膜に組織学的に類似した角膜上皮組織の形成物である(Nguyen,D.H.et al,Three−dimensional construct of the human corneal epithelium for In Vitro toxicology.In:Alternatives Toxicological Methods.Boca Raton,FL,CRC Press ed Katz SA and Salem H,2003.Chapter14:p.147〜159)。組織はほぼ70マイクロメートルの厚みを有し、完全に分化した角膜上皮組織の関連マーカーを発現することが明らかになっている(Nguyen et al,2003)。
局所適用に好適なエマルションを提供するため、リノレン酸エチル(α−リノレン酸エチルエステル(ALA−EE)、化学式
比較例
局所適用に好適なエマルションを提供するため、α−リノレン酸(ALA)を、様々な界面活性剤/乳化剤、湿潤剤、キレート剤及び酸化防止剤(又は複数の酸化防止剤)を含有する、包装用溶液/水性デリバリーシステムに添加し、高い剪断速度で混合して、局所用組成物を形成した。表5に組成物の成分をまとめて示す。
試験
実施例1A及び1B及び比較例2Aの組成物は次のようにインビトロで試験された。インビボモデルの経上皮透過性(TEP試験(transepithelial permeability test))を用いて、α−リノレン酸のエステル形態と比較した、遊離酸によるフルオレセイン漏出(又は増加した経上皮透過性)を評価した。結果は表6に示されている。表6では、高濃度のALAエチルエステル(0.2%)は、経上皮透過性への影響の観点から、溶媒(Tween及びGlucamを含む包装用溶液)に類似した挙動を示した一方で、ALA脂肪酸は、同濃度において、コントロールに対して、著しく増大したフルオレセイン漏出を示し、それは点眼時における不快感の臨床的観察と一致する。このことは、0.2%と同程度の高濃度で使用する場合、ω−3脂肪酸のエステル版が、遊離酸を使用する場合と比較して、点眼時において改善した許容特性を有することを示唆している。
試験
実施例1C、1Dの組成物と比較例2C、2Dが次のようにインビボで試験された。(点眼時の)主観的不快感のインビボのデータと相関させるために既に提示した(対応する相関曲線を示す表1−3を参照)バイオマーカー又は特定のサイトカインの測定に加え、細胞生存率が評価されることにより、マルチエンドポイント・アッセイ・システム(multi-endpoint assay system)からなる角膜上皮組織モデル。8時間での結果が表7Aに示されている。表7Aでは、リノレン酸エチル(ALA−EE)は、インビトロエンドポイントへの影響がリノレン酸(ALA)に比べて10分の1であり(8時間暴露後)、ALA−EEは0.2%以上までの濃度で、点眼時の初期の不快感を誘発せずに使用できることが示唆されている。
試験
実施例1C(ALA−EE 0.2%)及び比較例2C(ALA 0.2%)の組成物は、インビトロにおいて、0.1cm2のSkinEthicヒト角膜上皮組織構成物(HTS constructs)及び24時間の暴露時点を用いて、試験された。結果を下記の表7Bに示す。
ω−3脂肪酸組成物の使用について更に評価するため、あらかじめ投薬しない臨床的な研究が行われた。0.05重量%のエステル版のω−3脂肪酸が、3人の「コンタクトレンズ誘発性ドライアイ」の被験者(それぞれが、コンタクトレンズ誘発性ドライアイの少なくとも1つの徴候及び1つの症状を有する)に、何ら急性の眼の不快感又は生理学的な所見なく、点眼された。同様に濃度0.2重量%のエステル版のω−3脂肪酸が、4人の「コンタクトレンズ誘発性ドライアイ」の被験者に、何ら急性の眼の不快感又は生理学的な所見なく、点眼された。
コンタクトレンズ着用時の眼への供給が緩やかであるため、ω−3エステル材料(特に、α−リノレン酸エチルエステル(ALA−EE)又はリノレン酸エチル)が充填された。抗炎症特性及び涙液膜にもたらし得る有益性により、ドライアイ又は他の炎症状態に苦しむ被験者を楽にするため、ω−3脂肪酸(エステル)を眼に有効に供給するのに十分長い間、コンタクトレンズを介し眼に保持してよい。ω−3脂肪酸(エステル)の供給の緩やかさは、この材料の酸化防止及び抗炎症特性により、黄斑変性症等の病気に対する予防又はその病状発症の遅延を可能とするため、この材料が標的とする病状には、前方部分/眼の前側の病状及び眼の裏側の病状の両方が含まれる。
比較例
エステルではなく、α−リノレン酸(ALA)を取り込んだ、比較用のシリコーンヒドロゲルコンタクトレンズが実施例6と同一の手順に沿って調製された。コンタクトレンズによるALAの取り込みは、IPA中に0.05及び0.5%のALA溶液を用いた場合、レンズごとにそれぞれ23及び300マイクログラムであった(表9を参照)。
試験
再構築ヒト角膜上皮構成物での、実施例6及び7のALA及びALA−EEレンズの評価より、細胞生存率への影響がないという観点から、24時間暴露後の眼の表面組織との好ましい相互作用が明らかになった。細胞生存率はリン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS(phosphate buffered saline))ネガティブコントロールに対して、減少しなかった(表10)。
α−リノレン酸エチルエステル(ALA−EE)を0.05及び0.5%の濃度でプロピレングリコール(PG(propylene glycol))に溶解し、シリコーンヒドロゲルレンズ(Narafilcon Bレンズ(ACUVUE(登録商標)TrueEye(登録商標))を、室温で1時間ALA−EE含有プロピレングリコール溶液中で水和又は浸漬し、続いて、DI水中ですすぎ、包装用溶液中にレンズを再包装した。レンズは50ppmのメチルセルロースを含むホウ酸緩衝包装用溶液中に包装され、121℃で19分間、オートクレーブ処理した。ALA−EEはガスクロマトグラフィーで定量した。
試験
実施例9の選択されたレンズからのALA−EEの放出はインビトロ及びインビボの両方において評価された(ウサギ研究)。包装用溶液中の1mLの2.5% Tween−80でのインビトロでの放出から、3日間でALA−EEの50%が実施例9Aによるレンズから放出されることが明らかになった。
ALA−EEを0.05及び0.1%の濃度でプロピレングリコール(PG)に溶解し、シリコーンヒドロゲルレンズ(Narafilcon Bレンズ(ACUVUE(登録商標)TrueEye(登録商標))を、常に撹拌しながら室温で1時間、PG−ALA−EE溶液中で浸漬した(溶液1リットルあたり200枚のレンズ)。レンズは、室温で30分間、水を用いて2回すすがれた。レンズは50ppmのメチルセルロースを含むホウ酸緩衝包装用溶液中に包装され、121℃で約19分間、オートクレーブ処理した。
1滴が50マイクロリットルであり、(滴剤適用/初期排液時の初期的な損失により)滴剤の90%が失われ、10%のみが初期的に眼に保持されるという仮定の下、脂肪酸含有リウェッティングドロップに対するドライアイ・マウス・モデルからの動物データを用い、1日あたり4滴の0.2% ALAリウェッティングドロップの服用量と、眼の表面に適用される40マイクログラムの蓄積服用量とが同等であると推定された。
(1) 眼の病状を治療するための眼用組成物であって、
抗炎症脂質メディエーターと一価アルコール又はアミンの反応生成物である、前記抗炎症脂質メディエーターのエステル又はアミドと、
水性デリバリーシステムと、を含み、
前記抗炎症脂質メディエーターの大部分はエステル形態で存在する、眼用組成物。
(2) 前記エステルが、治療的に有効な量存在する、実施態様1に記載の組成物。
(3) 前記組成物が、実質的に脂肪酸を含まない、実施態様1に記載の組成物。
(4) 前記組成物が、10重量%以下の前記抗炎症脂質メディエーターの酸形態を含む、実施態様1に記載の組成物。
(5) 前記組成物が、5重量%以下の前記抗炎症脂質メディエーターの酸形態を含む、実施態様4に記載の組成物。
(7) 前記エステルが、全組成物に対して約0.01重量%〜5.0重量%の範囲の量存在する、実施態様1に記載の組成物。
(8) 前記エステルが、全組成物に対して約0.025重量%〜0.5重量%の範囲の量存在する、実施態様7に記載の組成物。
(9) 前記エステルが、エステル化多価不飽和脂肪酸、エステル化レゾルビン又はその代謝的に安定な類縁体、エステル化プロテクチン又はその代謝的に安定な類縁体、エステル化リポキシン又はその代謝的に安定な類縁体、エステル化プロスタグランジン又はその代謝的に安定な類縁体、エステル化レチノイン酸、これらの代謝産物及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、実施態様1に記載の組成物。
(10) 前記抗炎症脂質メディエーターが、プロスタグランジンE1(PGE1)、プロスタグランジンE3(PGE3)、又は代謝的に安定な類縁体、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択されるプロスタグランジンである、実施態様1に記載の組成物。
(12) 前記抗炎症脂質メディエーターが、リポキシンA4(LXA)、リポキシンB4(LXB4)、又は代謝的に安定な類縁体、及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択されるリポキシンである、実施態様1に記載の組成物。
(13) 前記抗炎症脂質メディエーターが、プロテクチンD1(PD1)又は代謝的に安定な類縁体を含む、実施態様1に記載の組成物。
(14) 前記抗炎症脂質メディエーターが、13−シス−レチノイン酸を含む、実施態様1に記載の組成物。
(15) 前記抗炎症脂質メディエーターが、アナンダミドを含む、実施態様5に記載の組成物。
(17) 前記エステルが、エステル化α−リノレン酸を含む、実施態様1に記載の組成物。
(18) 前記エステル化α−リノレン酸が、全組成物に対して約0.01重量%〜5.0重量%の範囲の量存在する、実施態様17に記載の組成物。
(19) 前記エステル化α−リノレン酸が、α−リノレン酸エチルエステルである、実施態様17に記載の組成物。
(20) 前記組成物の重量を基準として、
約0.025%〜5.0%の範囲の量の前記α−リノレン酸エチルエステルと、
約0.025%〜5.0%の範囲の量の、メチルグルセス‐20(methyl gluceth-20)である湿潤剤と、
約0.025%〜5.0%の範囲の量の、ポリソルベート80(polysorbate 80)である界面活性剤と、
約0.01%〜0.1%の範囲の量の、ビタミンEである酸化防止剤と、
塩、防腐剤及び緩衝剤のうちの1つ又は2つ以上を任意に含む水系包装用溶液と、を含む、実施態様19に記載の組成物。
(22) 前記水性デリバリーシステムが、ポリソルベート80(polysorbate 80)(商標)、チロキサポール(Tyloxapol)(商標)、メチルグルセス‐20(methyl gluceth-20)、ビタミンE、ジエチレントリアミンペンタ酢酸、ホウ酸、ホウ酸ナトリウム、及び塩化ナトリウムからなる群から選択される1つ又は2つ以上の成分を含む、実施態様1に記載の組成物。
(23) 前記一価アルコールの化学式が、CH3−(CH2)z−OHであり、式中、zは0〜5である、実施態様1に記載の組成物。
(24) 前記エステルが以下の構造を有し、
CH3−CH2−CH=CH−(CH2−CH=CH)n−(CH2)x−CO−O−R
又は、前記アミドが以下の構造を有し、
CH3−CH2−CH=CH−(CH2−CH=CH)n−(CH2)x−CO−NH−R
式中、
nは2、3、4又は、5であり、
xは2、3、4、5、6又は、7であり、
Rは、yが0以上である−(CH2)y−CH3を含む、眼科的に適合する脱離基である、実施態様1に記載の組成物。
(25) yが1である、実施態様24に記載の組成物。
(27) 前記ω−3脂肪酸が、α−リノレン酸、ステアリドン酸、エイコサテトラエン酸、エイコサペンタエン酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸(DHA)、ドコサペンタエン酸(DPA)、テトラコサペンタエン酸及びテトラコサヘキサエン酸(ニシン酸)、誘導体、代謝産物並びにこれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、
前記ω−6脂肪酸が、リノール酸、γ−リノレン酸(GLA)、エイコサジエン酸、ジホモ−γ−リノレン酸(DGLA)、ドコサジエン酸、アドレン酸、ドコサペンタエン酸、又はこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、実施態様26に記載の組成物。
(28) 前記エステルが、アミドエステルを形成するための脂肪酸とアミンの反応生成物である、実施態様1に記載の組成物。
(29) 眼又はコンタクトレンズに投与するための、実施態様1に記載の組成物を含む無菌製剤、溶液、ゲル、軟膏、乳剤又はストリップ。
(30) 眼の病状を治療するための眼用組成物を調製する方法であって、実施態様1に記載の組成物を提供することと、前記眼用組成物を形成することと、を含む、方法。
(32) 前記組成物における前記エステルの濃度が、0.025重量%〜5.0重量%の範囲にある、実施態様31に記載の方法。
(33) 前記供給工程が、実施態様1に記載の組成物を含む点眼液を投与することを含む、実施態様31に記載の方法。
(34) 前記供給工程が、前記眼の表面にコンタクトレンズを位置決めすることを含み、前記コンタクトレンズが前記組成物中に浸漬又は水和させられた、実施態様31に記載の方法。
(35) ドライアイの症状を緩和する方法であって、前記症状に苦しむ患者の少なくとも一方の眼を緩和するために、治療的に有効な量の実施態様1に記載の組成物を投与することを含む、方法。
(37) 眼の病状の治療方法であって、眼用装置から、抗炎症脂質メディエーターと一価アルコールの反応生成物である、治療的に有効な量の前記抗炎症脂質メディエーターのエステルを、ドライアイ、マイボーム腺機能不全、眼瞼炎、アトピー性角結膜炎、コンタクトレンズに関連するドライアイ、シェーグレン症候群、ブドウ膜炎、黄斑変性症、及びそれらの組み合わせの治療を必要とする、少なくとも一方の眼に対して、供給することを含む、方法。
(38) 前記眼用装置が、コンタクトレンズである、実施態様37に記載の方法。
(39) 前記エステルが、エステル化多価不飽和脂肪酸、エステル化レゾルビン又はその代謝的に安定な類縁体、エステル化プロテクチン又はその代謝的に安定な類縁体、エステル化リポキシン又はその代謝的に安定な類縁体、エステル化プロスタグランジン又はその代謝的に安定な類縁体、エステル化レチノイン酸、エンドカンナビノイド、これらの代謝産物、及びこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、実施態様37に記載の方法。
(40) 炎症性の眼の状態、ドライアイ又は炎症性の眼の状態及びドライアイの両方との闘病を必要とする個体における、それらとの闘病方法であって、治療的に有効な量の実施態様1に記載の組成物を、前記個体の眼の表面へ供給することを含む、方法。
Claims (8)
- 眼の病状を治療するためのコンタクトレンズであって、
前記コンタクトレンズは、抗炎症脂質メディエーターと一価アルコールの反応生成物である、前記抗炎症脂質メディエーターのエステルを含む組成物を含み、
前記抗炎症脂質メディエーターの大部分はエステル形態で存在し、
前記抗炎症脂質メディエーターのエステルは、リノレン酸エチルエステルを含む、コンタクトレンズ。 - 前記エステルが、治療的に有効な量存在する、請求項1に記載のコンタクトレンズ。
- 前記組成物が、脂肪酸を含まない、請求項1に記載のコンタクトレンズ。
- 前記組成物が、前記抗炎症脂質メディエーター全量に対して10重量%以下の、カルボキシル基がエステル化していない前記抗炎症脂質メディエーターを含む、請求項1に記載のコンタクトレンズ。
- 前記組成物が、前記抗炎症脂質メディエーター全量に対して5重量%以下の、カルボキシル基がエステル化していない前記抗炎症脂質メディエーターを含む、請求項4に記載のコンタクトレンズ。
- 前記組成物が、前記抗炎症脂質メディエーター全量に対して1重量%以下の、カルボキシル基がエステル化していない前記抗炎症脂質メディエーターを含む、請求項5に記載のコンタクトレンズ。
- 前記エステルが、全組成物に対して約0.01重量%〜5.0重量%の範囲の量存在する、請求項1に記載のコンタクトレンズ。
- 前記エステルが、全組成物に対して約0.025重量%〜0.5重量%の範囲の量存在する、請求項7に記載のコンタクトレンズ。
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