JP6281802B2 - 固液混合物処理のための方法及び装置 - Google Patents
固液混合物処理のための方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/565—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
-
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
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- C10L9/086—Hydrothermal carbonization
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
- C04B2235/3817—Carbides
- C04B2235/3826—Silicon carbides
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/42—Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/614—Gas infiltration of green bodies or pre-forms
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/06—Heat exchange, direct or indirect
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/10—Recycling of a stream within the process or apparatus to reuse elsewhere therein
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- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/14—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production
- C10L2290/141—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production of additive or catalyst
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- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/14—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production
- C10L2290/146—Injection, e.g. in a reactor or a fuel stream during fuel production of water
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/46—Compressors or pumps
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- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
- C10L2290/548—Membrane- or permeation-treatment for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Description
・ メイラード反応又はメイラード様反応の反応生成物と液相、固相の存在。
・ 供給原料によって変化する強力かつ集中的な臭気の形成。臭気の形成は、基本的にメイラード反応生成物によるものである。
・ 他の自然発生と比較して改良された電気伝送度。
・ 高い炭素含有量を持つ炭素化合物。
・ 黒色石炭、石炭のような燃料。
・ 同一の炭素の割合を持つ化石燃料と比較して安定した化合物。
・ 燃焼による低い灰分の発生、低い窒素含量。
・ 硫黄、硝酸、重金属との反応性。つまり、同様に高炭素の割合を持つ化石燃料と比較して、低い自己発火温度。
・ 同様に高炭素の割合を持つ化石燃料と比較し、低いダメージを与える燃料ガスの組成物。
・ 本発明の方法を用いることにより、バイオマスから芝土、黒炭のような燃料が得られる。
・ 燃料値は、プロセスの手段に依存しており、特に反応時間に依存する。燃料値は反応時間な反応器内の滞留時間と共に増加する。
・ 同一の炭素の含有割合では、従来のもの、又は化石燃料よりも成分の揮発性が低い。
・ エネルギー収率は石炭の0.7から0.95にまで上げられる。低炭水化物で、高いエネルギー収率がある、
・ 90から95%:リグニン又は細菌のバイオマス。
・ 燃料は、より反応性が高く、同等の炭素の割合を有する化石燃料よりも低い自己発火温度を持つ。
・ リグナイトや黒石炭などの化石燃料は、本発明の方法で製造される燃料と比較して、同様の発熱量を持っているが、組成や特性に関しては明瞭に異なる。
・ 供給原料や、供給原料の混合物、プロセス手順、触媒混合物、及び、工程水の組成。
・ 供給原料の脂質の多い部分、供給されるエネルギー量。
・ 高い発熱量を持つ燃料。例えば、汚泥の処理中に、発熱量は34から36MJ/kgとなる。
・ 燃料値が30から33MJ/kgで燃料を燃焼した後の灰分は、17から20MJ/kgの燃料値供給原料を燃焼した場合に比較して75%まで減少する。
・ 燃料値が30から33MJ/kgで燃料を燃焼した後の硫黄分は、17から20MJ/kgの燃料値供給原料を燃焼した場合に比較して50%まで減少する。
・ 微細な粒子状物質とガスの排出量は、供給原料に比べて低くなる。
・ 燃焼の結果はプロセス手順、条件に依存する燃料の品質及び燃焼技術に関連する全てのパラメーターにより決定される。
・ 燃料は、比較的均一な特性を持ち、供給原料の組成や触媒だけでなく、プロセス手順を経由して算出し制御できる特性を持つ燃料である。
・ 既に述べたように燃料特性の違いに加えて、黒炭、褐炭、泥炭といったような化石燃料には異なる特性が追加される。
・ 純粋、超純粋の材料も本発明に係る生成物に属する。ろれらは、有利な特性を持っており、その特性は主に供給原料に比べてミネラル性材料の削減をすることができる特性である、純粋な石炭は、主に石炭の可燃部分として理解され、もっとも純粋な石炭は活性炭として理解される。超純粋の石炭のミネラル含有量は0.1重量%未満である。
様の符号をつけている。反応器(19,24又は32,33)は連続的な出入の流れができるように,並列に配置されている。連続的な出入の流れは,少なくとも反応時間の10から30%,30から60%,又は60から90%の間続いており,上流に接続された装置を介し,下流に接続された反応器に流れている。熱交換器は,反応混合物の加熱及び冷却のための装置である。
る。液化ポンプはコンベア力,エッセントリックスパイラル,スパイラル変位,又はピストンメンブレンポンプとし設計されている。
はコンパクトグランド炭化ケイ素粉末を高温で異なる結着剤を用いて焼く。この手順の欠点は,特定の高温と長い焼結時間に加えて,結果物に気孔があくことである。
炭化ケイ素含有ガスが改善されることによって,初めて大規模に適用できるようになることによって,調整される。炭素と追加される粒状物質の他の物質の微細な分布により,アニール処理中に形成する酸化ケイ素含有ガスは,すぐに炭素と追加される他の物質と反応することができ,対象物表面近くの拡散プロセスですぐに利用可能である。
所望の最終形状及び/又は最終測定値に応じて,最初のステップで製造され,炭素含有物質の対象物は,炭素を豊富に含む二酸化ケイ素に囲まれており,アニール温度で,保護ガス雰囲気下で少なくともアニールされる。ここでは,二酸化ケイ素粒状材料はケイ素と炭素を含有したガスを放出し,そのガスは,対象物を通過し,そして,炭素含有物質を炭化ケイ素に変換する。
2 導管
3 粉砕装置
4 貯水タンク
5 コンテナ
6 混合槽
7 搬送装置
8 インキュベーション容器
9 コンベア装置
10 コンベア装置
11
12 貯蔵容器
13 搬送装置
14 混合装置
15 コンテナ
16 インキュベーション容器
17 搬送装置
18 熱交換ユニット
19 反応容器
20 攪拌装置
21 供給装置
22 熱交換装置
23 二重壁
24 反応器
25 熱交換ユニット
26 液化容器
27 熱交換器
28 液化ポンプ
29 液化容器
30 固液分離器
31 ストア
32 反応器
33 反応器
34
35
36
37
38
39
40 加水分解反応器
41 供給装置
42 熱交換器
43 二重壁
Claims (18)
- 水と炭素含有物を含む固液混合物からの,燃料,腐植土,メイラード反応生成物又はメイラード反応と類似した反応による生成物の製造方法であって,
前記固液混合物を100〜300℃の温度で,かつ,5〜34バールの圧力で少なくとも1つの反応器(19,24)において処理するために,
a)供給原料の中のポンプ輸送不可能な出発物質を,第1搬送ライン(流れ1)を介して、コンベア装置(9,10)及び供給装置(21又は41)を利用して前記少なくとも1つの反応器(19,24)にポンプを用いずに搬送し、
b)前記供給原料の中のポンプ輸送可能な搬送中に加熱される出発物質を,前記第1搬送ラインに平行な又は前記第1搬送ラインから分派した、第2搬送ライン(流れ2)を介して,搬送装置(17)を利用して前記少なくとも1つの反応器(19,24)にポンプを用いて搬送する方法において、
全体容積の25から97パーセントの固形分を有する出発物質は,前記ポンプ輸送不可能な出発物質として前記第1搬送ラインを介して前記少なくとも1つの反応器に搬送され,全体容積の3から50パーセントの固形分を有する出発物質は,前記ポンプ輸送可能な物質として前記第1搬送ラインに平行な又は前記第1搬送ラインから分派した第2搬送ラインを介して前記少なくとも1つの反応器に搬送され,前記ポンプ輸送不可能な出発物質と前記ポンプ輸送可能な出発物質の処理容積の比率が1:20〜0.1である,ことを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法であって,
前記ポンプ輸送不可能な出発物質は,前記生成物から抽出された工程水の水蒸気の圧力を5〜34バールにした状態で,前記第1搬送ラインから前記少なくとも1つの反応器へ搬送される,方法。 - 前記ポンプ輸送不可能な出発物質が,工程水の水蒸気の圧力を5〜34バールにした状態で,前記第1搬送ラインから前記少なくとも1つの反応器へ供給される供給装置には,インジェクター,ダブルスクリューエクストルーダー,エキセントリックスパイラルポンプ,ピストンポンプのいずれかが,スパイラルコンプレッサー又はダブルスクリューコンプレッサーの有無に関わらず,備えられている請求項1又は請求項2のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ポンプ輸送不可能な出発物質と前記ポンプ輸送可能な出発物質の処理容積の比率が,1:20〜0.1,又は,1:5〜1である請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 100〜300℃の温度で,かつ,5〜34バールの圧力で処理される,水と炭素含有物を含む固液混合物からの,燃料,腐植土,メイラード反応生成物又はメイラードと類似した反応の生成物の製造方法において,
前記固液混合物は,加熱のために熱交換器を通り,前記熱交換器のチューブの軸の水平面に対する角度は,10度よりも大きいことを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記固液混合物は,加熱のために熱交換器を通り,前記固液混合物は,前記熱交換器内のチューブ全長の少なくとも60%の垂直チューブ部分を通って搬送される,請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記固液混合物の粘度が前記熱交換器を通ることで減少し,最終生成物の粘度が少なくとも出発物質の粘度の4分の3に減少する請求項5又は請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記固液混合物を搬送するためのポンプ及び/又は逆圧ポンプが,エキセントリックポンプ,スパイラルディスプレイスメントポンプ,ピストンポンプである請求項5から請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 100〜300℃の温度で,かつ,5〜34バールの圧力で処理される,水と炭素含有物を含む固液混合物からの,燃料,腐植土,メイラード反応生成物又はメイラードと類似した反応の生成物の製造方法において,
出発物質は,前方の反応器の反応サイクル時間の10分の6以上の間,熱交換器を介して前記前方の反応器に連続的に供給され,
反応混合物は,バッチ形式で前記前方の反応器から後方の反応器に搬送され,
反応生成物は,前記後方の反応器の反応サイクル時間の10分の6以上の間,前記後方の反応器から連続的に排出されることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 閉じられた反応器において,反応サイクル時間の100分の1の間,逆流混合を防ぐためのバッチが維持され,前記閉じられた反応器は,流れ方向中において,前記少なくとも1つの反応器の後方に配置される請求項9に記載の方法。
- 100〜300℃の温度で,かつ,5〜34バールの圧力で処理される,水と炭素含有物を含む固液混合物からの,燃料,腐植土,メイラード反応生成物又はメイラードと類似した反応の生成物の製造方法において,
膜反応器における反応中に,水は連続的に又は間隔を開けて固液混合物から引き抜かれることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 100〜300℃の温度で,かつ,5〜34バールの圧力で処理される,水と炭素含有物を含む固液混合物からの,燃料,腐植土,メイラード反応生成物又はメイラードと類似した反応の生成物の製造方法において,
濃縮された前記生成物から抽出された工程水は,出発物質,ポンプ輸送可能な固液混合物のプレインキュベーションのため,出発物質の予備加熱のため,ポンプ搬送可能な固液混合物の製造のため,反応器への搬送のため,プラントの反応器において前記出発物質をコーティングし又は混合するため,及び/又は肥料要素として使用するために利用される請求項1から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 反応器を有し,水と炭素含有物を含む固液混合物を,100〜300℃の温度で,かつ,5〜34バールの圧力で処理する請求項1に記載の方法を実施するための装置であって,
前記装置は、容積比で少なくとも10パーセントの固形物を有する固液混合物を搬送するためのポンプ又は熱交換器を含み,前記熱交換器のチューブの軸の水平面に対する角度は,10度よりも大きいことを特徴とする装置。 - 前記熱交換器が,少なくとも60パーセントの垂直チューブの部分からなる請求項13に記載の装置。
- 前記熱交換器は,10から120バールの圧力に設定されており,又は,前記熱交換器の構成部分は,少なくとも60から120バールの圧力に設定されている,請求項13又は請求項14に記載の装置。
- 反応器を有し,水と炭素含有物を含む固液混合物を,100〜300℃の温度で,かつ,5〜34バールの圧力で処理する装置であって,
a.少なくとも10パーセントの固形物を有する固液混合物を搬送するためのポンプ,及び/又は
b.前記熱交換器のチューブの軸の水平面に対する角度は,10度よりも大きい熱交換器を備えた装置を含む、請求項14又は請求項15に記載の装置。 - 100〜300℃の温度で,かつ,5〜34バールの圧力で処理され,水と炭素含有物を含む固液混合物から,燃料,腐植土,メイラード反応生成物又はメイラードと類似した反応の生成物の製造装置において,
前記製造装置は,前記生成物から抽出された工程水の濃縮のため,及び濃縮された前記工程水を固液混合物に戻すための装置を有することを特徴とする請求項13から請求項15のいずれか1項に記載の装置。 - 100〜300℃の温度で,かつ,5〜34バールの圧力で処理される,水と炭素含有物を含む固液混合物からの,燃料,腐植土,メイラード反応生成物又はメイラードと類似した反応の生成物の請求項1に記載の製造方法により得られた濃縮された前記生成物から抽出された工程水が,プレインキュベーションのため,出発物質の予備加熱のため,ポンプ搬送可能な固液混合物の製造のため,反応器への搬送のため,プラントの反応器において前記出発物質をコーティングし又は混合するため,及び/又は肥料要素として使用するため、に利用される、濃縮水の使用方法。
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TR201901643T4 (tr) * | 2007-02-08 | 2019-02-21 | Grenol Ip Gmbh | Biyokütlelerin hidrotermal karbonizasyonu. |
DE102007012112C5 (de) * | 2007-03-13 | 2016-08-18 | Loritus Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur hydrothermalen Karbonisierung von Biomasse |
JP2008253861A (ja) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-23 | Bussan Food Science Kk | バイオマス処理用連続式高圧水熱反応装置 |
DE102007022840A1 (de) * | 2007-05-11 | 2008-12-24 | Suncoal Industries Gmbh | Verfahren zur Kühlung und Vorwärmung einer Anlage zur hydrothermalen Carbonisierung von Biomasse |
WO2008138637A2 (de) * | 2007-05-11 | 2008-11-20 | Suncoal Industries Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur hydrothermalen karbonisierung (htc) von biomasse mit einer htc-anlage |
DE102008058444B4 (de) * | 2007-11-21 | 2020-03-26 | Antacor Ltd. | Verfahren und Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Brennstoffen, Humus oder Suspensionen davon |
DE102008004732A1 (de) * | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-23 | Lucia Viviane Sanders | Hydrothermale Karbonisierung von Biomasse |
DE202008012419U1 (de) * | 2008-09-18 | 2008-11-20 | Agrokraft Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Biomasse |
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WO2024205153A1 (ko) * | 2023-03-27 | 2024-10-03 | 이화여자대학교 산학협력단 | 연속식 및 유가식 고온 고압의 가공향 반응기 |
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JP2012509383A (ja) | 2012-04-19 |
US20110226603A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
WO2010058377A2 (de) | 2010-05-27 |
DK2467201T3 (da) | 2019-10-28 |
BRPI0922500A2 (pt) | 2018-06-05 |
AR074660A1 (es) | 2011-02-02 |
DE102008058444B4 (de) | 2020-03-26 |
ES2751198T3 (es) | 2020-03-30 |
WO2010058377A3 (de) | 2011-06-23 |
DE102008058444A1 (de) | 2009-05-28 |
PL2467201T3 (pl) | 2020-03-31 |
EP2467201B1 (de) | 2019-07-17 |
EP2467201A2 (de) | 2012-06-27 |
BRPI0922500B1 (pt) | 2021-07-27 |
CN102325587A (zh) | 2012-01-18 |
EP2467201A4 (de) | 2016-01-20 |
LT2467201T (lt) | 2019-11-11 |
EP3656836A1 (de) | 2020-05-27 |
HUE046579T2 (hu) | 2020-03-30 |
PT2467201T (pt) | 2019-11-15 |
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