JP6243515B2 - 耐食性、加工性に優れた水系潤滑皮膜処理剤及び金属材料 - Google Patents
耐食性、加工性に優れた水系潤滑皮膜処理剤及び金属材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6243515B2 JP6243515B2 JP2016510293A JP2016510293A JP6243515B2 JP 6243515 B2 JP6243515 B2 JP 6243515B2 JP 2016510293 A JP2016510293 A JP 2016510293A JP 2016510293 A JP2016510293 A JP 2016510293A JP 6243515 B2 JP6243515 B2 JP 6243515B2
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- CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimagnesium;hydroxy(trioxido)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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Description
・水系潤滑皮膜処理剤(成分又は原料、組成等)
・水系潤滑皮膜処理剤の製造方法
・水系潤滑皮膜処理剤の用途
・水系潤滑皮膜処理剤の使用方法
本発明の水系潤滑皮膜処理剤は、水溶性ケイ酸塩(A)(以下、ケイ酸塩(A)と記載する)と、タングステン酸塩、リン酸塩及びホウ酸塩からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の水溶性無機塩(B)(以下、無機塩(B)と記載する)とを、固形分質量比(B)/(A)が0.7〜25の範囲となるように配合してなる。この範囲で配合することで、ケイ酸塩(A)や無機塩(B)単独では成し得なかった高い耐食性、加工性、十分な脱膜性を有する皮膜を形成できる。尚、本特許請求の範囲及び本明細書にいう「水溶性」とは、室温(25℃)での水への溶解度{水100gに溶ける溶質の質量(g)}が少なくとも1gであり、好ましくは10g以上であることを意味する。
本発明に係る水系潤滑皮膜処理剤は、例えば、液体媒体である水に、ケイ酸塩(A)と無機塩(B)、更に樹脂成分(C)、滑剤(D)等を添加して混合することにより製造される。混合は、プロペラ攪拌、ホモジナイザー等の一般的な方法で行われる。
本発明の水系潤滑皮膜処理剤は、好適には鍛造、伸線、伸管、ロールフォーミング、プレス等の冷間領域での塑性加工用である。
本発明の水系潤滑皮膜処理剤は、鉄もしくは鋼、ステンレス、銅もしくは銅合金、アルミニウムもしくはアルミニウム合金、チタンもしくはチタン合金等の金属材料に適用される。金属材料の形状としては、棒材やブロック材等の素材だけでなく、鍛造後の形状物(ギヤやシャフト等)にも適用され、特に限定されない。
本発明の水系潤滑皮膜処理剤は、他の湿式潤滑剤や乾式潤滑剤の下地皮膜処理剤としても使用することができる。下地皮膜として用いることにより、他の湿式潤滑剤や乾式潤滑剤の加工性、耐食性を底上げすることができる。組み合わせる潤滑剤の種類は特に限定されないが、例えば湿式潤滑剤としては上記特許文献1〜4に代表されるような一般的な水系潤滑皮膜処理剤や、石灰石鹸、鍛造油を用いることができる。また、乾式潤滑剤としては、例えば高級脂肪酸石鹸、ボラックス、石灰、二硫化モリブデン等を主成分とするような一般的な潤滑パウダーや伸線パウダーが使用できる。
次に、本発明の水系潤滑皮膜処理剤の使用方法を説明する。本使用方法は、金属材料の清浄化工程、水系潤滑皮膜処理剤の適用工程及び乾燥工程を含む。以下、使用対象である金属材料及び各工程を説明することとする。
金属材料に水系潤滑皮膜を形成させる前に、ショットブラスト、サンドブラスト、ウェットブラスト、ピーリング、アルカリ脱脂及び酸洗浄よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の清浄化処理を行うことが好ましい。ここでの清浄化とは、焼鈍等により成長した酸化スケールや各種の汚れ(油など)を除去することを目的とするものである。
本発明の水系潤滑皮膜を金属材料に適用する工程は、特に限定されるものではないが、浸漬法、フローコート法、スプレー法などを用いることができる。塗布は金属表面が充分に本発明の水系潤滑皮膜処理剤に覆われればよく、塗布する時間に特に制限は無い。乾燥性を高めるために金属材料を60〜80℃に加温して金属材料塑性加工用水系潤滑皮膜処理剤と接触させてもよいし、40〜70℃に加温した金属材料塑性加工用水系潤滑皮膜処理剤を接触させてもよい。これらにより、乾燥性が大幅に向上して乾燥が常温で可能になる場合もあり、熱エネルギーのロスを少なくすることもできる。
特に限定するものではないが、60〜150℃で1〜30分程度実施することが好ましい。
本発明の水系潤滑皮膜処理剤は加工時に金型と被加工材との間での焼き付きを防止し、加工前後における高い耐食性を付与することができるが、更に加工性や耐食性を向上させる目的で下地皮膜処理を行っても良い。下地皮膜処理は反応型皮膜であっても非反応型皮膜であってもよい。反応型皮膜の具体例として、リン酸塩、酸化鉄、酸化ジルコニウム、水酸化ジルコニウム、モリブデン酸塩、シュウ酸塩、タンニン酸などが挙げられる。非反応型皮膜の具体例として、ケイ酸塩、ホウ酸塩、ジルコニウム化合物、バナジウム化合物、コロイダルシリカ、樹脂コーティング膜などが挙げられる。
本発明の水系潤滑皮膜処理剤により形成された潤滑皮膜は、水系のアルカリ洗浄剤に浸漬するかスプレー洗浄することによって脱膜可能である。アルカリ洗浄剤は、水に水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等の一般的なアルカリ成分を溶解させた液であり、これに水系潤滑皮膜を接触させると水系潤滑皮膜は洗浄液中に溶解するので容易に脱膜することができる。よってアルカリ洗浄での脱膜不良による、後工程への汚染がなくメッキ不良や酸化スケールの剥離不良を未然に防ぐことができる。
≪実施例A≫
以下に示す各成分を表1〜2に示す組み合わせ及び割合にて実施例1〜9、12〜16、比較例1〜8及び参考例1〜2の水系潤滑皮膜処理剤を調製した。なお、比較例9はリン酸塩/石鹸処理である。
(A−1)ケイ酸ナトリウム(Na2O・nSiO2 n=3)
(A−2)ケイ酸リチウム(Li2O・nSiO2 n=3.5)
(A−3)ケイ酸カリウム(K2O・nSiO2 n=2.3)
<無機塩>
(B―1)タングステン酸ナトリウム
(B−2)トリポリリン酸ナトリウム
(B−3)メタホウ酸カリウム
<樹脂成分>
(C−1)イソブチレン・無水マレイン酸共重合体のナトリウム中和塩(分子量約165,000)
<潤滑成分>
(D−1)アニオン性ポリエチレンワックス(平均粒子径5μm)
(D−2)非膨潤性合成雲母(平均粒子径5.0μm)
<標準工程>
(a)脱脂:市販の脱脂剤(ファインクリーナーE6400、日本パーカライジング(株)製)濃度20g/L、温度60℃、浸漬10分
(b)水洗:水道水、常温、浸漬20秒
(c)酸洗:17.5%塩酸、常温、浸漬20分
(d)水洗:水道水、常温、浸漬20秒
(e1)〜(e3)潤滑処理:各実施例及び比較例毎に記述する
(f)乾燥:100℃、10分
<実施例1〜9、12〜15、比較例1〜8及び参考例1〜2の潤滑処理>
(e1)潤滑皮膜処理:(1−1)で製造した水系潤滑皮膜処理剤 温度60℃、浸漬1分
<実施例16の前処理及び皮膜処理>
(e1)下地処理:市販のジルコニウム化成処理剤(パルシード1500、日本パーカライジング(株)製) 濃度50g/L、温度45℃、pH4.0 浸漬2分
(e2)水洗:水道水、常温、浸漬20秒
(e3)潤滑皮膜処理:(1−1)で製造した水系潤滑皮膜処理剤 温度60℃、浸漬1分
<比較例9(リン酸塩/石鹸処理)の前処理及び皮膜処理>
(e1)化成処理:市販のリン酸亜鉛化成処理剤(パルボンド181X、日本パーカライジング(株)製)濃度75g/L、温度80℃、浸漬7分
(e2)水洗:水道水、常温、浸漬30秒
(e3)石鹸処理:市販の反応石鹸潤滑剤(パルーブ235、日本パーカライジング(株)製)濃度70g/L、温度85℃、浸漬3分
※乾燥皮膜量:10g/m2
(1−3−1)スパイク試験
実施例1〜9、12〜16、比較例1〜9及び参考例1〜2について、スパイク試験による加工性の評価を行った。スパイク試験は特開平5−7969号公報記載の方法に準じて行った。試験後のスパイク高さと成形荷重にて潤滑性を評価した。スパイク高さが高い程、また、成形荷重が低いほど潤滑性に優れる。なお、同公報によるとスパイク試験における面積拡大率は約10倍とされる。加工時の荷重とスパイク高さを測定することで皮膜の潤滑性を評価した。
評価用試験片:S45C球状化焼鈍材 25mmφ×30mm
評価基準:
スパイク性能=スパイク高さ(mm)/加工荷重(kNf)×100
値が大きいほど潤滑性良好
◎:0.96以上
○:0.94以上0.96未満
△:0.92以上0.94未満
▲:0.90以上 0.92未満
×:0.90未満
(1−3−2)据えこみ−ボールしごき試験(耐焼付き性評価)
実施例1〜9、12〜16、比較例1〜9及び参考例1〜2について、据えこみ−ボールしごき試験による加工性の評価を行った。据えこみ−ボールしごき試験は特開2013−215773号公報記載の方法に準じて行った。据えこみ−ボールしごき試験における面積拡大率は最大で150倍以上とされ、上記のスパイク試験と比較すると面積拡大率が非常に大きく、強加工を再現した試験である。しごき加工面に入る焼付きの量を評価することで、強加工時における皮膜の耐焼付性能を評価した。
評価用試験片:S10C球状化焼鈍材 14mmφ×32mm
ベアリングボール:10mmφ SUJ2
評価基準:
しごき面全体の面積に対して、どれだけの面積が焼きついたかを評価した。評価の目安を図1に示す。
◎:リン酸塩/石鹸皮膜より著しく優れる
○:リン酸塩/石鹸皮膜より優れる
△:リン酸塩/石鹸皮膜と同等
▲:リン酸塩/石鹸皮膜より劣る
×:リン酸塩/石鹸皮膜より著しく劣る
(1−3−3)脱膜性試験
実施例1〜9、12〜16、比較例1〜9及び参考例1〜2について、脱膜性試験を行った。なお、比較例9は一般的な脱膜方法が異なるため、試験水準から除外した。脱膜性試験は円柱状試験片を、上下とも平面の金型を使用し、圧縮率50%で据えこみ加工を行った後アルカリ洗浄剤に浸漬して皮膜を剥離した。(1−2)工程の(d)水洗後、(f)の乾燥を行い冷却後試験片の質量を測定した。その後(e)潤滑処理後、(f)の乾燥を行い冷却後試験片の質量を測定した。その前後の質量差により皮膜質量を換算した。アルカリ洗浄後(f)の乾燥を行い冷却後試験片の質量を測定した。アルカリ洗浄後の質量と酸洗後質量より脱脂処理後の皮膜質量を換算した。
評価用試験片:S45C球状化焼鈍材 25mmφ×30mm
アルカリ洗浄剤:2%NaOH水溶液
脱膜条件:液温60℃、浸漬時間2分
皮膜残存率(%)=(脱膜処理後の皮膜質量/脱膜処理前の皮膜質量)×100
評価基準:
皮膜残存率が低いほど脱膜性良好
◎:皮膜残存率が0%
○:皮膜残存率が0超、8%未満
△:皮膜残存率が8%以上、16%未満
▲:皮膜残存率が16%以上、25%未満
×:皮膜残存率が25%以上
(1−3−4)耐食性試験
実施例1〜9、12〜16、比較例1〜9及び参考例1〜2について、耐食性試験を行った。バレルを使用して試験片5つを同時に潤滑処理し、その試験片を夏場に開放雰囲気で屋内に3ヶ月間暴露して錆の発生具合を観察した。発錆面積が大きいほど耐食性に劣ると判断した。評価は5つの試験片全てで実施した。
評価用試験片:S45C球状化焼鈍材 25mmφ×30mm
評価基準:
◎:錆面積3%以下(リン酸塩/石鹸皮膜より著しく優れる)
○:錆面積3%超、10%以下(リン酸塩/石鹸皮膜より優れる)
△:錆面積10%超、20%以下(リン酸塩/石鹸皮膜と同等)
▲:錆面積20%超、30%以下(リン酸塩/石鹸皮膜より劣る)
×:錆面積30%超(リン酸塩/石鹸皮膜より著しく劣る)
(1−3−5)総合得点評価
上記4つの評価結果を表3のように示す基準で得点化し、合計点をまとめた。
≪実施例B≫
上記に示す各成分を表6、7に示す組み合わせ及び割合にて実施例17〜26、29〜39、42、比較例11〜18、20〜27及び参考例3〜6の水系潤滑皮膜処理剤を調製した。比較例10は本発明の潤滑皮膜なしで伸線パウダーのみを使用した。比較例19は本発明の潤滑皮膜なしで石灰石鹸を使用した。比較例28はリン酸塩/石鹸処理である。なお、実施例30〜39、42、比較例19〜28、参考例5〜6は伸線パウダーを使用していない。
<実施例17〜26、比較例11〜18、参考例3〜4の潤滑処理>
(1−2)に記載した標準工程で処理した。
(e)潤滑皮膜処理:(2−1)で製造した水系潤滑皮膜処理剤 温度60℃、浸漬1分
<実施例30〜39、比較例20〜27、参考例5〜6の前処理及び皮膜処理>
(1−2)に記載した標準工程で処理した。
(e1)潤滑皮膜処理:(2−1)で製造した水系潤滑皮膜処理剤 温度60℃、浸漬1分
その後、上層皮膜として、市販の石灰石鹸(LUB−CAO2、日本パーカライジング(株)製)250g/L 温度60℃、浸漬1分処理を施し、(f)と同様の乾燥を行い、石灰石鹸皮膜量5g/m2を得た。
<実施例29の前処理及び皮膜処理>
(e1)下地処理:市販のジルコニウム化成処理剤(パルシード1500、日本パーカライジング(株)製) 濃度50g/L、温度45℃、pH4.0 浸漬2分
(e2)水洗:水道水、常温、浸漬20秒
(e3)潤滑皮膜処理:(2−1)で製造した水系潤滑皮膜処理剤 温度60℃、浸漬1分
<実施例42の前処理及び皮膜処理>
(e1)下地処理:市販のジルコニウム化成処理剤(パルシード1500、日本パーカライジング(株)製) 濃度50g/L、温度45℃、pH4.0 浸漬2分
(e2)水洗:水道水、常温、浸漬20秒
(e3)潤滑皮膜処理:(2−1)で製造した水系潤滑皮膜処理剤 温度60℃、浸漬1分
その後、上層皮膜として、市販の石灰石鹸(LUB−CAO2、日本パーカライジング(株)製)250g/L 温度60℃、浸漬1分処理を施し、(f)と同様の乾燥を行い、石灰石鹸皮膜量5g/m2を得た。
<比較例10の前処理及び皮膜処理>
(e)純水洗:脱イオン水、常温、浸漬30℃
<比較例19の前処理及び皮膜処理>
(e)潤滑:市販の石灰石鹸(LUB−CAO2、日本パーカライジング(株)製)250g/L 温度60℃、浸漬1分
(f)乾燥:100℃、10分
※石灰石鹸皮膜量5g/m2
<比較例28(リン酸塩/石鹸処理)の前処理及び皮膜処理>
(e1)化成処理:市販のリン酸亜鉛化成処理剤(パルボンド421WD、日本パーカライジング(株)製)濃度75g/L、温度80℃、浸漬10分
(e2)水洗:水道水、常温、浸漬30秒
(e3)石鹸処理:市販の反応石鹸潤滑剤(パルーブ235、日本パーカライジング(株)製)濃度70g/L、温度85℃、浸漬3分
※乾燥皮膜量:10g/m2
(2−3−1)伸線試験(潤滑性評価)
実施例17〜26、29〜39、42、比較例10〜28及び参考例3〜6について、伸線試験による加工性の評価を行った。φ3.2mmの鋼線をφ2.76のダイスを通して引抜くことで伸線加工を行った。実施例17〜26、29、比較例10〜18、参考例3〜4は乾式潤滑剤として松浦工業(株)のミサイルC40を使用した。材料が引抜かれる直前のダイスボックス内に乾式潤滑剤を入れ、材料に自然付着するようにした。伸線後の試験材の焼付きと潤滑膜の残存量から評価を行った。なお、伸線後の皮膜量は下記皮膜剥離剤を用いて皮膜を剥離し、剥離前後の質量差から求めた。
評価用試験片:SWCH45K材φ3.2mm×20m
ダイス径:φ2.76
皮膜剥離剤:市販のアルカリ性剥離剤(FC-E6463、日本パーカライジング(株)製)、20g/L
脱膜条件:液温60℃、浸漬時間2分
評価基準:
皮膜残存率(%)=(加工前の皮膜量/加工後の皮膜量)×100
※加工前の皮膜量は潤滑パウダーを含まない。加工後の皮膜量は潤滑パウダーを含む。
◎:皮膜残存率85%以上
○:皮膜残存率75%以上、85%未満
△:皮膜残存率65%以上、75%未満
▲:皮膜残存率50%以上、65%未満
×:皮膜残存率50%未満、もしくは焼付きが発生
(2−3−2)耐食性試験
実施例17〜26、29〜39、42、比較例10〜28及び参考例3〜6について、耐食性の評価を行った。上記伸線試験を行った線材を、夏場に開放雰囲気で屋内に3ヶ月間暴露して錆の発生具合を観察した。発錆面積が大きいほど耐食性に劣ると判断した。
評価基準:
◎:リン酸塩/石鹸皮膜より著しく優れる(錆面積3%以下)
○:リン酸塩/石鹸皮膜より優れる(錆面積3%以上、10%未満)
△:リン酸塩/石鹸皮膜と同等(錆面積10%以上、20%未満)
▲:リン酸塩/石鹸皮膜より劣る(錆面積20%以上、30%未満)
×:リン酸塩/石鹸皮膜より著しく劣る(錆面積30%以上)
Claims (5)
- 水溶性ケイ酸塩(A)と、タングステン酸塩(B)と、滑剤(D)とを、固形分質量比(B)/(A)が0.7〜25の範囲となるよう配合してなり、前記滑剤(D)がワックス、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、脂肪酸石鹸、脂肪酸金属石鹸、脂肪酸アマイド、二硫化モリブデン、二硫化タングステン、グラファイト、メラミンシアヌレート、層状構造アミノ酸化合物及び層状粘土鉱物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする水系潤滑皮膜処理剤。
- 樹脂成分(C)を含み、その固形分質量比が(C)/{(A)+(B)}が0.01〜3であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の水系潤滑皮膜処理剤。
- 樹脂成分(C)が、ビニル樹脂、アクリル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、セルロース誘導体、ポリマレイン酸、ポリオレフィン及びポリエステルからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の水系潤滑皮膜処理剤。
- 前記滑剤(D)が、その固形分質量比(D)/{(A)+(B)}が0.01〜6の範囲となるように配合してなることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の水系潤滑皮膜処理剤。
- 請求項1〜4の何れか一項に記載の水系潤滑皮膜処理剤を塗布し乾燥することで金属材料表面上に、付着量として0.5〜40g/m2の潤滑皮膜が形成された金属材料。
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PCT/JP2015/058425 WO2015146818A1 (ja) | 2014-03-28 | 2015-03-20 | 耐食性、加工性に優れた水系潤滑皮膜処理剤及び金属材料 |
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EP (1) | EP3124582B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6243515B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN105899650B (ja) |
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JP2015190046A (ja) * | 2014-03-28 | 2015-11-02 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 耐食性及び加工性に優れた皮膜を有する鋼線材及びその製造方法 |
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JP6617922B2 (ja) | 2016-03-22 | 2019-12-11 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | オイルテンパー線 |
CN108441852A (zh) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-08-24 | 鹏驰五金制品(昆山)有限公司 | 一种线材表面皮膜处理方法 |
CN109943407A (zh) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-06-28 | 上海福岛新材料科技有限公司 | 一种环保锻造用石墨脱模剂 |
CN110295078B (zh) * | 2019-07-18 | 2021-10-08 | 南京理工大学 | 一种功能石墨烯/蒙脱土/改性硫化钼润滑油添加剂 |
KR102326485B1 (ko) * | 2020-02-03 | 2021-11-17 | 한전원자력연료 주식회사 | 냉간 필거용 내면 윤활제 조성물 |
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JPWO2015146818A1 (ja) | 2017-04-13 |
CN105899650B (zh) | 2020-02-21 |
CN105899650A (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
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