JP6234548B2 - Her2に特異的に結合できる抗体 - Google Patents
Her2に特異的に結合できる抗体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6234548B2 JP6234548B2 JP2016508909A JP2016508909A JP6234548B2 JP 6234548 B2 JP6234548 B2 JP 6234548B2 JP 2016508909 A JP2016508909 A JP 2016508909A JP 2016508909 A JP2016508909 A JP 2016508909A JP 6234548 B2 JP6234548 B2 JP 6234548B2
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Description
本発明は、2011年11月1日から2014年10月1日までの間、助成金番号1415118385にて韓国産業技術振興院(KIAT)の支援を受け、KIATの国際協力支援チームの管理のもとに、AbClon社によって、国際協力技術開発事業および革新的なエピトープ発見のプラットフォーム技術に基づくグローバル抗体新薬開発との標題の基に行われたものである。
本発明は、HER2(ヒト上皮細胞増殖因子受容体2)関連疾患、特に癌を予防または処置するためのHER2抗体に関する。
HER2/neu(ErbB2)遺伝子は、EGFR(上皮細胞増殖因子受容体)ファミリーメンバーの1つである、185kDaの膜貫通糖タンパク質をコードする。HER2タンパク質は、620アミノ酸残基を有する細胞外ドメイン、23アミノ酸残基を有する膜貫通ドメインおよび490アミノ酸残基を有するチロシンキナーゼ活性を有する細胞内ドメインからなる(Akiyama T, et al., Science, 232(4758):1644−1646(1986))。
本発明者らは、HER2関連疾患、特に癌(より具体的には、乳癌および胃癌)を予防または処置し得る抗体を開発するために鋭意研究を行った。特に、本発明者らは、単剤としてのトラスツズマブ治療に伴う抗癌効果の限界を克服することができる、トラスツズマブと併用する抗体を開発するために鋭意研究を行った。その結果、本発明者らは、それ自体が顕著な抗癌効果を有し、癌(特に、乳癌および胃癌、より具体的には、HER2を発現する乳癌および胃癌)の予防または処置のためにトラスツズマブと併用してより有益な効果を有する新規の抗体を開発した。
本発明の第一の面において、(a)配列番号1の相補性決定領域(CDR)H1、配列番号2のCDRH2および以下の式1
X1−X2−X3−X4−X5−X6−X7−Phe−Asp−Tyr (式1)
(式中、X1は、His、Asn、SerまたはAlaであり、X2は、Leu、Phe、Tyr、His、Met、Trp、Asn、IleまたはAlaであり、X3は、GlyまたはCysであり、X4は、GlyまたはSerであり、X5は、Thr、MetまたはAlaであり、X6は、Ala、Ser、GlyまたはThrであり、そしてX7は、Ser、Ala、CysまたはThrである。)
で示されるCDRH3を含む、重鎖可変領域;ならびに
(b)軽鎖可変領域
を含む、ヒト上皮細胞増殖因子受容体2(HER2)に対する抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントを提供する。
Y1−Y2−Y3−Y4−Y5−Y6−Pro−Trp−Thr (2)
(式中、Y1は、Gln、AspまたはAlaであり、Y2は、Gln、Asn、GluまたはAlaであり、Y3は、Leu、Met、Asn、Ile、Ser、Thr、AlaまたはLysであり、Y4は、Tyr、Ala、Ser、Arg、Val、Gly、MetまたはPheであり、Y5は、Ser、Phe、Tyr、Arg、Ile、Gly、Lys、Asn、ValまたはAlaであり、そしてY6は、Thr、Ser、Val、Ile、Ala、Gly、Asn、Glu、PheまたはLeuである。)
で示されるCDRL3を含む。
本発明の特徴および利点を以下にまとめる。
(a)本発明の抗体は、癌細胞(特に、乳癌および胃癌細胞)において過剰に発現されたHER2、具体的には、トラスツズマブに対するエピトープとは異なるHER2上のエピトープに特異的に結合する。
(b)本発明の抗体のCDR配列は、公知のHER2抗体のCDR配列とは低い類似性を示し、このことは、CDR配列がユニークであることを示す。
(c)トラスツズマブと組み合わせた本発明の抗体は、顕著に増強された細胞毒性を有して癌細胞を殺し、それ故に、癌(特に、乳癌および胃癌)の治療において極めて有効である。
(d)理論はともかく、併用療法の増強された効果は、本発明の抗体が、トラスツズマブに対するエピトープと異なるHER2上のエピトープに結合し、トラスツズマブと協働してHER2を阻害することを示し得る。
(e)アポトーシスを誘導し得る本発明の抗体は、過増殖性疾患の予防または処置に使用され得る。
(f)本発明は、癌診断、薬剤反応性の分析、イメージングおよびADC(抗体薬物複合体)、ならびに癌治療においても有用であり得る。
実施例1:HER2抗体の開発
抗体を調製するために、HER2タンパク質の細胞外ドメイン(ECD)を動物細胞を用いて製造し、その後、それを抗原として用いた。ヒトIgG1およびFc部分(CH2−CH3)のヒンジ領域が、ECDのC末端に結合されているDNAを、HindIIIおよびBamHI制限酵素を用いてクローニングした。次いで、クローニングされたベクターを、FreeStyleTM 293F(Invitrogen, Cat. No. R790−07)細胞にポリエチレンイミン(Polyscience Inc., Cat. No. 23966)を用いて一過性にトランスフェクションし、HER2−ECD Fc融合タンパク質を、該細胞培養物からプロテイン−Aセラミック・ハイパードF樹脂(PALL, Cat No. 20078−028)を用いて精製した。精製されたタンパク質を、タンパク質アッセイ色素(Bio−Rad, Cat. No. 500−0006)を用いて、SDS−PAGEを行って定量し、その濃度および純度をクーマシー染色によって確認した。100μgの精製されたタンパク質抗原をフロイントのアジュバント(Sigma, Cat. No. F5506)と混合し、その後、BALB/cマウス(DBL Co., Ltd., Korea)に腹腔内注入した。2週間目に、100μgの抗原をPBSで希釈し、再度注入し、その3日後に、マウスの脾臓を取り出し、そこからリンパ球を単離した。単離したリンパ球を骨髄腫細胞株 SP2/0−Ag14(ATCC, Cat. No. CRL−1581)と5:1の比で混合し、PEG−1500(Roche, Cat. No. 783641)を用いて融合させた。融合した細胞を、HATサプリメント(Sigma, Cat. No. H0262)を含む培地で培養し、融合細胞(ハイブリドーマ)を、選択的に選別し、培養した。
乳癌細胞の増殖に対する阻害効果を確認するために、細胞生存アッセイを行うために、ハイブリドーマ培養液から抗体を精製した。ハイブリドーマを、3%FBSを含む培地中で培養し、IgGの形態の抗体を、プロテイン−A樹脂を用いて精製した。精製した抗体を、SDS−PAGEを行って、BCAアッセイ(Pierce, Cat. No. 23227)により定量し、それらの濃度および純度をクーマシー染色によって確認した。
抗体配列アッセイのために、ファージFab抗体ライブラリーを、それぞれのハイブリドーマのRNAを用いて構築し、3段階のパニング(panning)を、HER2−ECD−Fcに結合するファージを得るために行った(Phage display: a laboratory manual, Carlos Barbas III, et al., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press)。ハイブリドーマを培養した後、RNAを、SV総RNA単離システム(Promega, Cat. No. Z3100)を用いて単離し、cDNAをそこから合成した。既知のプライマーセット(参照:Phage display: a laboratory manual, Carlos Barbas III, et al., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press)を用いて、抗体の可変領域を増幅し、ヒトCkおよびCH1に連結後にSfiI制限酵素を用いてpComb3Xベクター(Barbas laboratory, The Scripps Research Institute)にクローニングし、その後、ER2537細菌(New England Biolabs, Cat. No. 801−N)に形質転換した。形質転換された細菌は、ファージを得るためにVCSM13ヘルパーファージ(Stratagene, Cat. No. 200251)を用いてトランスフェクションされ、HER2−ECD−Fcが固定化されているため、HER2−ECD−Fcに結合したクローンをイムノチューブ(immunotube(登録商標))を用いて得た。
キメラ抗体は、本発明の抗体をより新薬開発を可能にする形態(druggable form)で調製するために構築された。
開発された抗体の抗癌効果をその濃度に応じて確認するために、細胞生存率アッセイを、HER2を過剰発現している癌細胞株、例えば、BT−474(乳癌細胞株)およびNCI−N87(胃癌細胞株)について行った。BT−474(10,000細胞/ウェル)およびNCI−N87(10,000細胞/ウェル)を70μLの容量で96ウェルプレートに分注し、24時間培養しながら、固定化した。次の日、30μLの抗体を培養細胞に添加した。処理された抗体の終濃度は、各抗体当たり最大20μg/mLであって、1:4の比で連続希釈し、アッセイを5つの異なる濃度で行った。トラスツズマブとの組み合わせで処理したとき、開発された抗体とトラスツズマブとの比を1:1の比に設定した(例えば、図2Aおよび2B中、投与量が1μg/mLであったとき、1μg/mLのTRAおよび1μg/mLの1E11を投与した)。抗体で処理した後、BT−474およびNCI−N87細胞をさらに4日間培養し、10%の終濃度までCCK−8を添加し、37℃にて3時間処理した。その後、処理した細胞の吸光度を、Victor X3を用いて450nmで測定した。抗体で処理されていない細胞の吸光度を100%に設定し、それらの相対生存率を計算した(図2Aおよび2B)。
胃癌における開発された1E11抗体とトラスツズマブの併用療法の抗癌効果が相乗効果であるかどうかを確認するために、NCI−N87細胞を1E11抗体またはトラスツズマブ単独またはそれらの組み合わせで処理して、抗癌効果を分析した(図2A)。濃度に応じた抗癌効果を、CalcuSynプログラム(Biosoft)により、少なくとも2つの薬剤の併用投与の効果を分析するChou & Talalayの方法(Chou et al., Adv. Enzyme. Regul. 22:27−55(1984))を用いて分析した(表4)。2つの薬剤が併用投与されるとき、それらは、アゴニスト作用、相加作用、または相乗作用のいずれかを示す。薬剤の、相互作用は、併用係数(CI)の点でChou & Talalayの方法を用いて分析することができる。1以上のCI値はアゴニスト作用を示し、CI値が1および1以下は、相加作用および相乗作用をそれぞれ示す。
HER2に対する抗体であるトラスツズマブは、HER2 ECDの4つのドメインのうちドメイン4に結合することが知られている。開発された抗体のHER2上のエピトープがトラスツズマブのものと重複するかどうかを確認するために、エピトープビニング(epitope binning)を、Biacore3000(GE Healthcare)を用いた表面プラズモン共鳴(SPR)により行った。約1,000RU(応答単位)のトラスツズマブを、ECD/NHSを用いたアミンカップリング法によりCM5センサーチップ(GE Healthcare, Cat. No. BR−1000−12)に固定化した。320nMの濃度のHER2−ECD−Hisタンパク質を、センサーチップに結合させ、そこにHBS−P緩衝液(10mM HEPES、150mM NaCl、1mM EDTA、0.005%トゥイーン−20、pH7.4)を用いて4分間トラスツズマブを固定化させ、そこに5分間、緩衝液のみを流し、その後、トラスツズマブとHER2−ECDとの結合を安定化させた。次いで、そこに1μg/mLの濃度で二次抗体を4分間結合させ、その上に緩衝液を流した。全ての実験において、流量は50μL/分に設定した。二次結合した抗体が、トラスツズマブが結合したHER2−ECDタンパク質にさらに結合するとき、それらは、トラスツズマブと共通のエピトープを共有していない抗体である。
開発された1E11抗体は、HER2が属するErbBファミリータンパク質のうち、HER2に特異的に結合し、それらがヒト以外の種のHER2と結合するか否かは、ELISAアッセイによって確認された。開発された1E11抗体がErbBファミリータンパク質のうちHER2に特異的に結合するかどうかを確認するために、ErbBファミリーに属するEGFR、HER2、HER3およびHER4の細胞外ドメインを、ELISAアッセイにより調べた。EGFR(EGFR−ECD−Fc)の細胞外ドメインを、HER2−ECD−Fcと同様の方法で製造し、HER3(R&D Systems, #348−RB−050)およびHER4(R&D Systems, #1131−ER−050)を購入した。開発された抗体が異なる種のHER2タンパク質に対する種間交差反応性を示すかどうかを確認するために、ヒト、アカゲザル、カニクイザル、マウス、およびラットのHER2細胞外ドメインを使用し、ELISAアッセイによって確認した。カニクイザルの細胞外ドメインは、ヒトHER2−ECD−Fcと同様にして作製し、アカゲザルのHER2細胞外ドメイン(Sino Biological Inc., #90020−K08H)、マウスのHER2細胞外ドメイン(Sino Biological Inc., #50714−M08H)、およびラットのHER2細胞外ドメイン(Sino Biological Inc., #80079−R08H)を購入した。
本発明者らは、HER2抗体のアポトーシス誘導能力を分析して、1E11抗体とトラスツズマブの同時投与の抗癌効果の基本的分子機序を明らかにした。アポトーシス誘導能を調べるために、NCI−N87およびBT−474細胞を10μg/mLの1E11抗体、トラスツズマブまたはそれらの組み合わせで48時間処理した(併用投与について、10μg/mLの1E11および10μg/mLのトラスツズマブ)。抗体処理後、細胞をトリプシンで剥離し、500,000細胞を、ApoScreen アネキシンVアポトーシスキット(SouthernBiotech, #10010−02)を用いてフローサイトメトリー分析(Cytomics FC500 , Beckman Coulter Inc.)により分析した(図5aおよび5b)。
HER2を過剰発現する胃癌および乳癌細胞に対する、トラスツズマブとの組み合わせでの1E11の抗癌機序を解明するために、本発明者らは、細胞におけるHER2シグナル伝達活性を分析した。NCI−N87細胞を10μg/mLの抗体で24時間処理した。その後、細胞を細胞溶解溶液[50mM トリス、pH7.4、150mM NaCl、1% NP−40、0.1%ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム、1mM NaF、1mM Na3VO4、1mM PMSFおよびプロテアーゼ阻害剤カクテル(Sigma)]で溶解して、細胞溶解物を得た。該細胞溶解物をウェスタンブロット分析を行った。HER2(#4290)、pHER2(#2243)、pHER3(#4791)、EGFR(#4267)、pEGFR(#3777)、AKT(#4691)、pAKT(#4060)、ERK(#4695)、およびpERK(#4370)抗体を、Cell Signaling Technology社から購入した。HER3(sc−285)抗体を、Santa Cruz Biotechnology社から購入し、GAPDH(AbC−1001)抗体をコーディング対照としてAbClonから購入した。西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ結合抗マウス抗体(AbC−5001)および抗ラット抗体(AbC−5003)もまた、AbClonから購入した。バンドは、Abシグナル(AbClon, AbC−3001)を用いて可視化した。
1E11抗体の抗癌効果は、動物モデルを用いて評価した。無胸腺ヌード雌マウス(Daehan Biolink, Korea)を、異種移植モデルを調製するために、5x106のNCI−N87細胞を皮下注射した。腫瘍サイズを約200mm3まで増殖させ、次いで、マウスを4つの群に無作為化した。4つの群の動物に対して、10mg/kgのパリビズマブ(トラスツズマブのアイソタイプコントロール(MedImmune LLC.))、1E11、トラスツズマブ、および1E11とトラスツズマブの併用でそれぞれ2週間腹腔内投与した。併用投与のために、各抗体を10mg/kgの用量で投与した。腫瘍容積を経時的に測定した。22日目に、動物を屠殺し、腫瘍を単離した。腫瘍容積を、式(L*W*W)/2(式中、“L”は、最大腫瘍直径を示し、“W”は最小腫瘍直径を示す)を用いて計算した。単離された腫瘍を計量し、免疫組織化学分析のために調製した。腫瘍異種移植片組織をホルマリン固定処理し、パラフィン包埋標本切片とした。これらを、ヘマトキシリン(DAKO、#CS700)およびエオシン(DAKO、#CS701)(H&E)染色ならびにHER2抗体(Cell Signaling Technology, #4290)を用いるHER2タンパク質染色によって調べた。
実施例4で開発されたキメラ1E11抗体のヒト化抗体は、CDRグラフト法を用いて開発された。開発された抗体のCDRを受容するために、ヒト抗体について、高いヌクレオチド配列ベースの相同性を有するヒト生殖系列抗体遺伝子のVおよびJ遺伝子を、IMGT/V−QUEST(Brochet, X. et al., Nucl Acids Res. 36:503−508(2008))を用いて選択した。重鎖のV遺伝子およびJ遺伝子として、IGHV3−48*03遺伝子およびIGHJ4*01遺伝子をそれぞれ選択し、それらの配列相同性はそれぞれ85.07%および87.23%であった。さらに、軽鎖のV遺伝子およびJ遺伝子として、IGKV1−39*01遺伝子およびIGKJ1*01遺伝子をそれぞれ選択し、それらの配列相同性はそれぞれ81.36%および81.08%であった。CDRの移植のみが親和性を低下させるという報告を考慮して、抗体の全体構造に影響を与え得るバーニアゾーン(vernier zone)に対応する重鎖のKabatの番号付けに基づいて、H49は、ヒト生殖系列遺伝子上でアラニンの代わりにセリンで置換されている。開発されたヒト化抗体hz1E11は、FreeStyle(商標) 293F細胞株を用いてIgGの形態で製造された。開発されたhz1E11の重鎖可変領域および軽鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列は、配列番号24および26にそれぞれ記載されている。
開発された抗体の抗原に結合するために重要な領域を確認するために、重鎖および軽鎖のCDR3に対応するアミノ酸をアラニンに返還することによって結合能を試験するアラニンスキャニングアッセイを行った。Kabatの番号付けに従い95、96、97、98、99および100aに対応する重鎖のCDR3領域のうち、ヒスチジン(H)、ロイシン(L)、グリシン(G)、グリシン(G)、スレオニン(T)およびセリン(S)、ならびにKabat番号付けに従い89、90、91、92、93および94に対応する軽鎖のCDR3領域のうち、グルタミン(Q)、グルタミン(Q)、ロイシン(L)、チロシン(Y)、セリン(S)およびスレオニン(T)を、QuikChange部位特異的変異導入キット(Stratagene、#200518)を用いてアラニンに変更した。開発された抗体はアラニンを有するため、重鎖のCDR3のうち、A100をアッセイから除外した。細菌において各改変された抗体を発現させた後、その発現をそこからのペリプラズム抽出液を得た後にドットブロットにより確認し、結合能力をELISAアッセイによりHER2−ECDについて分析した(参照:図10)。
開発された抗体の親和性を向上させるために、軽鎖および重鎖の無作為化CDR3のライブラリを開発した。Kabatの番号付けによるアミノ酸番号F100、D101、およびY102に対応する重鎖のCDR3のうちF、DおよびY、ならびにKabatの番号付けによるP95、W96およびT97に対応する軽鎖のCDR3のうちP、WおよびTは、それらがヒト抗体において一般的に見出されるアミノ酸であるため、無作為化から除外された。上記のアミノ酸を除く、重鎖および軽鎖のCDR3アミノ酸の20個の無作為化されたアミノ酸のファージ抗体ライブラリが、開発された(Phage display: a laboratory manual, Carlos Barbas III, et al., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press)。特に、上記で用いたプライマーは、重鎖および軽鎖のCDR3に相当する領域に関連し、アデニン(A)、シトシン(C)、グアニン(G)およびチミン(T)が、等しい比率で混合されて、無作為化されるべきアミノ酸に対応するコドンの第一および第二の位置にランダムに挿入され、グアニン(G)またはシトシン(C)が、等しい比率で混合されて、第三の位置に挿入されるように、合成された。
改善された親和性を有する抗体の抗癌効果を、HER2を過剰発現する胃癌および乳癌に関して確認した。HER2を過剰発現する胃癌細胞株NCI−N87およびOE−19、HER2を過剰発現する乳癌細胞株BT−474を、各抗体単独で処理したか、またはトラスツズマブとの組み合わせで処理したときの、濃度に依存した癌細胞の生存率を分析した。
Claims (8)
- (i)配列番号1の相補性決定領域(CDR)H1、配列番号2のCDRH2および配列番号3のCDRH3を含む、重鎖可変領域;ならびに、配列番号4のCDRL1、配列番号5のCDRL2および配列番号6のCDRL3を含む、軽鎖可変領域;
(ii)配列番号1のCDRH1、配列番号2のCDRH2および配列番号3のCDRH3を含む、重鎖可変領域;ならびに、配列番号4のCDRL1、配列番号5のCDRL2および配列番号218のCDRL3を含む、軽鎖可変領域;
(iii)配列番号1のCDRH1、配列番号2のCDRH2および配列番号3のCDRH3を含む、重鎖可変領域;ならびに、配列番号4のCDRL1、配列番号5のCDRL2および配列番号239のCDRL3を含む、軽鎖可変領域;または、
(iv)配列番号1のCDRH1、配列番号2のCDRH2および配列番号3のCDRH3を含む、重鎖可変領域;ならびに、配列番号4のCDRL1、配列番号5のCDRL2および配列番号88のCDRL3を含む、軽鎖可変領域
を含む、ヒト上皮細胞増殖因子受容体2(HER2)に対する抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。 - (a)薬学的に有効量の請求項1に記載のHER2に対する抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント、ならびに(b)薬学的に許容される担体を含む、癌の予防または処置のための医薬組成物。
- 組成物がトラスツズマブをさらに含む、請求項2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 癌が、乳癌、卵巣癌、胃癌、肺癌、肝臓癌、気管支腫瘍、鼻咽頭癌、喉頭癌、膵臓癌、膀胱癌、結腸直腸癌、結腸癌、子宮頚癌、脳腫瘍、前立腺癌、骨腫瘍、頭頸部癌、皮膚癌、甲状腺癌、副甲状腺癌または輸尿管癌である、請求項2または3に記載の医薬組成物。
- 癌が、乳癌または胃癌である、請求項4に記載の医薬組成物。
- (a)薬学的に有効量の請求項1に記載のHER2に対する抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント、ならびに(b)薬学的に許容される担体を含む、アポトーシスを誘導するための医薬組成物。
- 医薬組成物が、癌、過形成、ケロイド、クッシング症候群、原発性アルドステロン症、紅板症、真性赤血球増加症、白板症、肥厚性瘢痕、扁平苔癬、黒子症、動脈硬化症、アテローム性動脈硬化症、再狭窄または狭窄である過増殖性疾患の予防または処置のためにアポトーシスを誘導する、請求項6に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項1に記載のHER2に対する抗体またはその抗体結合フラグメントを含む、癌を診断するためのキット。
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EP2998319B1 (en) | 2018-11-28 |
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HK1217500A1 (zh) | 2017-01-13 |
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US10174116B2 (en) | 2019-01-08 |
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