JP6200427B2 - バイオマス処理装置およびその方法 - Google Patents
バイオマス処理装置およびその方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6200427B2 JP6200427B2 JP2014542271A JP2014542271A JP6200427B2 JP 6200427 B2 JP6200427 B2 JP 6200427B2 JP 2014542271 A JP2014542271 A JP 2014542271A JP 2014542271 A JP2014542271 A JP 2014542271A JP 6200427 B2 JP6200427 B2 JP 6200427B2
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Classifications
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G32/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms
- C10G32/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms by electric or magnetic means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
- B01J19/126—Microwaves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/354—After-treatment
- C01B32/36—Reactivation or regeneration
- C01B32/366—Reactivation or regeneration by physical processes, e.g. by irradiation, by using electric current passing through carbonaceous feedstock or by using recyclable inert heating bodies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/39—Apparatus for the preparation thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/04—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by extraction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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Description
活性炭:
加炭材カーボン:
ナットコークス:
未処理のバイオマスを受け入れるための入口と、処理されたバイオマスを放出するための出口とを有する回転式チューブであって、横軸に対して所定の角度で傾斜している回転式チューブと、
回転式チューブを収容するための金属製ハウジングと、
回転式チューブおよびそこに収容されたバイオマスに電磁エネルギーを照射するための回転式チューブに関連する電磁発生器と、
電磁エネルギーを回転式チューブに導入するための電磁発生器に関連する導波管とを含み、
前記導波管は、同導波管によって回転式チューブ内におよび該管を通って導入される電磁エネルギーが回転式チューブの長手軸に対して略平行な方向に移動するように適合されている。
(a)バイオマスを準備することと、
(b)未処理のバイオマスを受け入れるための入口と、処理されたバイオマスを放出するための出口とを有し、横軸に対して所定の角度で傾斜している回転式チューブを提供することと、
(c)電磁エネルギーが回転式チューブの長手軸に対して略平行な方向に移動するように、電磁エネルギーを回転式チューブおよびそこに収容されたバイオマスに照射することとを含む。
電磁発生器からの電磁エネルギーを受け取るよう適合された第1の部分と、
第1の部分からの電磁エネルギーを受け取って、電磁エネルギーをチャンバへ導くよう適合された第2の部分とを含み、
第1の部分に対する第2の部分の角度が調整可能となるように、第2の部分は第1の部分に動作可能に接続されている。
(a)バイオマスを準備することと、
(b)バイオマスを受け取るための反応器空間を画定する電磁空洞チャンバを用意することと、
(c)バイオマスが概して第1の方向に移動するように、バイオマスを反応器空間に供給することと、
(d)バイオオイルが蒸気の形でバイオマスから排出されるように、電磁エネルギーを反応器空間と、そこに収容されたバイオマスとに照射することと、
(e)不活性ガスが第1の方向と略反対方向に移動して、バイオオイルを容器から移動させて押し流すように、不活性ガスを反応器空間に供給することと、
(f)バイオオイルを収集することとを含む。
a)バイオマスを準備することと、
b)電磁空洞を準備し、電磁空洞は電磁エネルギーを取り囲んで含むように適合されることと、
c)バイオマスを電磁空洞に導入することと;
d)バイオマスが直接電磁エネルギーを受け取り、間接的な黒体放射場が形成されるような電力レベルで、電磁空洞およびその中に収容されたバイオマスに電磁エネルギーを照射することと、
e)活性炭がバイオマスから形成されるように、バイオマスを間接的な黒体放射場に曝しながら、同時に直接的な電磁エネルギーを照射することとを含む。
a)バイオマスを準備するステップと、
b)マイクロ波吸収物質を準備するステップと、
c)電磁エネルギー場の周りを囲んで含むように適合される電磁空洞を準備するステップと、
d)固体、液体およびガスを含むように適合される反応容器を準備するステップと、
e)反応容器を電磁空洞に導入するステップと、
f)バイオマスを反応容器に導入するステップと、
g)マイクロ波吸収物質を反応容器に導入するステップと、
h)添加ガスを反応容器の内部に導入するステップと、
i)バイオマス吸収物質が直接電磁エネルギーを受け取るような電力レベルで、電磁空洞、反応容器およびそこに収容されたマイクロ波吸収物質に電磁エネルギーを照射するステップと、
j)プラズマが添加ガスによって生成され、プラズマは放射場を生成させるような添加ガスへ、マイクロ波吸収物質から熱を流すステップと、
k)活性炭素および/または加炭材カーボンがバイオマスから形成されるような放射場にバイオマスを曝すステップとを含む。
a)バイオマスを準備するステップと、
b)電磁エネルギー場を取り囲んで含むように適合される電磁空洞を準備するステップと、
c)バイオマスを電磁空洞の内部に導入するステップと、
d)バイオマスが直接電磁エネルギーを受け取り、間接的な黒体放射場が形成されるような電力レベルで、電磁空洞およびその中に収容されたバイオマスに電磁エネルギーを照射するステップと、
e)活性炭がバイオマスから形成されるように、同時に直接的な電磁エネルギーをかけながら、バイオマスを間接的な黒体放射場に曝すステップと、
f)鋼鉄を製造するために活性炭を使用するステップとを含む。
a)バイオマスを準備するステップと、
b)マイクロ波吸収物質を準備するステップと、
c)電磁エネルギー場を取り囲んで含むように適合される電磁空洞を準備するステップと、
d)バイオマス容器を電磁空洞の内部に導入するステップと、
e)マイクロ波吸収物質を反応容器の内部に導入するステップと、
f)マイクロ波吸収物質が直接電磁エネルギーを受け取るような電力レベルで、電磁空洞およびその中に収容されたマイクロ波吸収物質に電磁エネルギーを照射するステップと、
g)熱がマイクロ波吸収物質から添加ガスに流れるようにし、その結果添加ガスによってプラズマが生成され、該プラズマは放射場を生成させるステップと、
h)バイオマスを放射場に曝し、その結果加炭材カーボンがバイオマスから形成されるステップと、
i)加炭材カーボンを用いて鋼鉄を製造するステップとを含む。
a)バイオマスを準備するステップと、
b)電磁エネルギー場を取り囲んで含むように適合される電磁空洞を準備するステップと、
c)バイオマス原料および処理したバイオマスを取り囲んで含むように適合される反応容器を準備するステップと、
d)反応容器を電磁空洞の内部に導入するステップと、
e)マイクロ波吸収物質を反応容器の内部に導入するステップと、
f)マイクロ波吸収物質が直接電磁エネルギーを受け取るような電力レベルで、電磁空洞、バイオマスおよびその中に収容されたマイクロ波吸収物質に電磁エネルギーを照射するステップと、
g)熱がマイクロ波吸収物質から添加ガスに流れるようにし、その結果添加ガスによってプラズマが生成され、該プラズマは放射場を生成させるステップと、
h)バイオマスを放射場に曝し、その結果ナットコークスがバイオマスから形成されるステップとを含む。
a)処理したバイオマスを木炭の形態で準備するステップと、
b)電磁エネルギー場を取り囲んで含むように適合される電磁空洞を準備するステップと、
c)反応容器を準備するステップと、
d)反応容器を電磁空洞の内部に導入するステップと、
e)マイクロ波吸収物質を反応容器の内部に導入するステップと、
f)反応容器を電磁空洞に導入するステップと、
g)マイクロ波吸収物質を反応容器の内部に導入するステップと、
h)マイクロ波吸収物質が直接電磁エネルギーを受け取るような電力レベルで、電磁空洞、バイオマスおよびその中に収容されたマイクロ波吸収物質に電磁エネルギーを照射するステップと、
i)熱がマイクロ波吸収物質から添加ガスに流れるようにし、その結果添加ガスによってプラズマが生成され、該プラズマは放射場を生成させるステップと、
j)バイオマスを放射場に曝し、その結果カーボングラファイトがバイオマスから形成されるステップとを含む。
用語「活性炭」とは、基本的に炭素だけを含む任意の材料を意味し、標準BET試験で窒素の吸着により算出すると、そのような材料の1グラムの表面積は、約500平方メートルである。
図1は、バイオマスまたは有機材料を処理するための第1の好適な実施形態の装置1の概略図であり、図3、4および7は、バイオマスを処理するための第2の好適な実施形態の装置を示す。別段の説明がない限り、第2の好適な実施形態の特徴および動作は、第1の好適な実施形態の特徴および動作と同じである。
第1の好適な動作方法
実験結果
供給原料
第2の好適な方法:
第3の好適な方法:
第4の好適な方法
好ましい前処理法
i)バイオマスの基本的な組成と構造を標準化する。
ii)マイクロ波とプラズマ加熱の間、マイクロ波反応器に放出される揮発性物の量を減少させる。
iii)バイオマスを効果的に脱酸素化する。
iv)バイオマスを部分的に炭素化し導電性を増加させることで、マイクロ波の感受性を増加させる。
v)乾燥熱分解の条件下でバイオマスを処理する時に通常必要な、炭素化前のバイオマス第1乾燥の必要性を除去する。
vi)揮発性有機化合物を水溶性の反応媒体中に捕獲し、さらに分留あるいは嫌気性消化で処理(Process)/処理することで必要な化合物を不必要な化合物から分離する。
成果物
実施例の考察
に実行した場合、その表面積がいくらか低いものがあった。それでも、廉価でややグレードの落ちる炭素にも使い道があり、さらに重要なことは、他に用途のないタールの優れた使用法になるということである。
実施例
おがくず(50g)を清浄な石英の反応容器に入れ、二酸化炭素を40L/分の流速で送り込んだ。吸収されたマイクロ波エネルギーは、最初は3kWであった。約6分後、おがくずの温度は305℃で、本発明者らが信じるところのプラズマが形成され、それとともに、石英の内面から深橙色の熱の輝きが始まり、電力が切断されるまでの短い間、維持された。この間の電力吸収は7.6kWで、温度は871℃に達した。20分を経た時には、6gの木炭が得られ、その表面積は705m2/グラムであった。
35gの重熱分解タールをしみ込ませたおがくず(50g)を、先の実行によりその内面が炭素によりコートされた石英の反応容器に入れ、二酸化炭素を40L/分の流速で送り込んだ。吸収されたマイクロ波エネルギーは、最初は5kWであったが、断続するプラズマ形成と橙色の表面の輝きの後、7kWまで上昇した。温度は756℃に達した。20分を経た時には、12gの木炭が得られ、その表面積は446m2/グラムであった。
おがくず(50g)を、先の実行によりその内面が炭素によりコートされた石英の反応容器に入れ、二酸化炭素を40L/分の流速で送り込んだ。橙色の輝きが約1分後に現れ、マイクロ波電力は、最初5kWで吸収され、9分後には6.5kWであった。次いで入力電力を低下させ、5kWで維持した。23分を経た時に電力を中断させ、4gの木炭が得られ、その表面積は637m2/グラムであった。
おがくず(50g)を、先の実行によりその内面が炭素によりコートされた石英の反応容器に入れ、二酸化炭素を40L/分の流速で送り込むと、マイクロ波エネルギーは、46分の間、5kWで吸収された。橙色の輝きが約2分後に現れた。温度は、実行の終了時で590℃であったが、最高温度ではなかった可能性がある。46分を経た時には、2gの木炭が得られ、その表面積は797m2/グラムであった。
入力電力を増加させ、吸収電力を8.2kW から9kWに増加させた以外は、実施例4の繰り返しであった。温度は910℃以上に達し、木炭の収量は0gであった。
Claims (5)
- バイオマスを処理する方法であって、
a.バイオマスを準備することと、
b.前記バイオマスを水中において、25〜170バールの圧力の下、230℃〜350℃の温度で、30分〜2時間加熱する熱水転移により前処理することと、
c.電磁エネルギー場を囲んで含むように適合された電磁空洞を準備することと、
d.反応容器を準備することと、
e.前記反応容器に前処理された前記バイオマスを導入することと、
f.電磁エネルギーを前記電磁空洞、前記反応容器及び前記反応容器に収容された前記バイオマスに供給することと、
を含む方法。 - 加炭材カーボン、バイオオイル、ガス、ナットコークスまたは活性炭の1つ以上を生産する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記バイオマスは、ステップbの間、マイクロ波エネルギーを用いて加熱される、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 活性炭、ナットコークス及び加炭材カーボンから選択される1つの生成物を生成し、
前記生成物を用いて鋼鉄を製造するステップを更に含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - バイオマスを処理する装置であって、
a.バイオマスを収容し、水中において熱水転移により前処理するように適合された水熱反応装置と、
b.電磁エネルギー場を囲んで含むように適合された電磁空洞と、
c.前記前処理されたバイオマスを収容するように及び前記電磁空洞に取り囲まれるように適合された反応容器と、を含み、
前記熱水転移は、前記バイオマスを水中において、5〜170バールの圧力の下、230℃〜350℃の温度で、30分〜2時間加熱することを含む装置。
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JP7292626B1 (ja) | 2023-01-20 | 2023-06-19 | 裕之 白川 | バイオマスの半炭化処理によるバイオマス燃料の製造方法、および製造装置 |
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Cited By (3)
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JP7292626B1 (ja) | 2023-01-20 | 2023-06-19 | 裕之 白川 | バイオマスの半炭化処理によるバイオマス燃料の製造方法、および製造装置 |
WO2024154545A1 (ja) * | 2023-01-20 | 2024-07-25 | 裕之 白川 | バイオマスの半炭化処理によるバイオマス燃料の製造方法、および製造装置 |
JP2024103423A (ja) * | 2023-01-20 | 2024-08-01 | 裕之 白川 | バイオマスの半炭化処理によるバイオマス燃料の製造方法、および製造装置 |
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