JP6199027B2 - 超音波針案内装置、方法、およびシステム - Google Patents

超音波針案内装置、方法、およびシステム Download PDF

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JP6199027B2
JP6199027B2 JP2012275229A JP2012275229A JP6199027B2 JP 6199027 B2 JP6199027 B2 JP 6199027B2 JP 2012275229 A JP2012275229 A JP 2012275229A JP 2012275229 A JP2012275229 A JP 2012275229A JP 6199027 B2 JP6199027 B2 JP 6199027B2
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ウェイ・タン
ガン・チェン
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Description

本発明は、超音波針案内装置、方法、およびシステムに関する。
外科的な生体組織検査法、または麻酔法は、一般に、医師が体組織を見ることができるように超音波撮像を用いて行われる。このような手技中に、針を明確に視覚化し、かつ体組織を通るその進度を監視できることが望ましい。針を医師が見ることができるようにするために、従来の針は、針に結合された振動器により振動され、システムは、ドップラー法により針の速度を検出して、針の画像を表示する。しかし、医療用途における従来のドップラー法では、運動の様々な周波数を識別することが難しく、また高速度の動きを追跡するのが困難である。したがって、ドップラー法による画像中の針の解像度は低い。
本明細書で開示される一実施形態によれば、針を振動させるように構成された振動器と、超音波パルスを送信し、かつ帰還信号を受信するように構成された超音波走査ヘッドと、超音波走査ヘッドに結合された超音波システムとを含む装置が提供される。超音波システムは、超音波走査ヘッドに結合された送信器および受信器モジュールと、送信器および受信器モジュールに結合された変位推定モジュールと、変位推定モジュールに結合されたディスプレイとを含む。送信器および受信器モジュールは、超音波パルスを送信するために付勢パルスを超音波走査ヘッドに供給し、かつ帰還信号に従って超音波走査ヘッドで生成された電気信号を受信するように構成される。変位推定モジュールは、電気信号の位相差に基づいて運動変位を計算するように構成される。ディスプレイは、運動変位に従って、画像を表示するように構成される。
本開示の諸実施形態のこれらの、および他の機能ならびに態様は、添付図面を参照して以下の詳細な説明を読めばよく理解されよう。図中、同様の文字は諸図を通して同様の部分を表す。
例示的な実施形態による超音波針案内装置の概略的なブロック図である。 図1で示す超音波針案内装置で使用される針の振動波を示す図である。
その他の形で定義されない限り、本明細書で使用される技術的かつ科学的な用語は、本開示が属している当業者により一般に理解されるものと同じ意味を有する。用語「第1の」、「第2の」、および同様のものは、本明細書で使用される場合、何らかの順序、量、または重要性を示すものではなく、ある要素を他の要素と区別するために使用される。さらに、用語「1つの(a)」、および「1つの(an)」は、量を限定することを示すものではなく、参照される項目の少なくとも1つが存在することを示している。本明細書における「含む(including)」、「備える/含む(comprising)」、または「有する」、およびその変形形態の使用は、その後に列挙される項目、およびその均等な形態、ならびにさらなる項目を包含することを意味する。用語「接続される」、および「結合される」は、物理的な、または機械的な接続もしくは結合に限定されるのではなく、直接的であれ、間接的であれ、電気的な接続もしくは結合を含むことができる。
図1を参照すると、超音波針案内装置100は、振動器2、超音波走査ヘッド3、および超音波走査ヘッド3に結合された超音波システム4を備える。針1は、外科的な生体組織検査法、麻酔法、および他の手技で体組織200の中に挿入されるように構成される。針1は、体組織200の中に挿入される前に振動器2に結合される。
振動器2は、針1を振動させるように構成される。針1の近傍の体組織200もまた、針1の振動により振動する。振動器2は、例えば、200ヘルツと2000ヘルツの間の周波数で往復運動し、針1は、振動器2と同じ周波数で往復運動する。振動器2は、任意の適切な周波数で往復運動することができる。振動器2および針1の周波数は、心拍、呼吸など他の運動の周波数とは異なる。振動器2および針1の振動波は、正弦波、パルス、鋸歯状波、または他の波形である。振動器2は、針1に対して長手方向に、または針1に対して水平方向に針を振動させる。振動器2は、リニアモータ、ソレノイド、スピーカコイル、あるいは長手方向および/または水平方向の往復運動を生成し、かつ針1に結合することのできる他の装置など、線形の往復運動を生成する様々な装置のうちの任意のものとすることができる。
撮像トランスデューサ31を含む超音波走査ヘッド3は、体組織200に超音波パルスを送信し、かつ体組織200からの帰還信号を受信するために患者の皮膚の表面201と接触状態にある。超音波走査ヘッド3の撮像トランスデューサ31は、超音波システム4の制御下で付勢されて、フェーズドアレイ超音波パルスを生成する。超音波走査ヘッド3は、帰還信号を、超音波システム4に供給される電気信号に変換する。
超音波システム4は、超音波走査ヘッド3に結合された送信器および受信器モジュール41、送信器および受信器モジュール41に結合された変位推定モジュール42、および変位推定モジュール42に結合されたディスプレイ43を含む。送信器および受信器モジュール41は、超音波パルスを送信するために、付勢パルスを超音波走査ヘッド3に供給し、かつ帰還信号に従って超音波走査ヘッド3で生成された電気信号を受信するように構成される。電気信号は、変位推定モジュール42に供給される。
変位推定モジュール42は、以下の式(1)から、電気信号の位相差ΔΦに基づいて運動変位dを計算するように構成される。
ただし、λは電気信号の波長であり、Vは電気信号の速度であり、またfは電気信号の周波数である。運動変位は、針1の運動変位、針1の近傍の振動する体組織200の運動変位、および心拍、呼吸などに起因する他の運動もしくは移動の変位を含む。針1の運動変位は、他の運動の変位よりも大きい。
ディスプレイ43は、体組織200の画像を、組織中の針1と共に表示するように構成される。ディスプレイ43は、針1の運動変位に従って、体組織200における針1の画像を表示する。針1の画像は、体組織200の画像よりも明るく、したがって、針1を、ディスプレイ43で見ることができる。針1は、容易に見えるように、ディスプレイ43上にカラーで表示することができる。
いくつかの実施形態では、超音波システム4は、針1の運動変位ではない運動変位を除外するために、変位推定モジュール42とディスプレイ43の間にバンドパスフィルタ44をさらに含む。振動器2の周波数は、針1の運動変位が残されるように、バンドパスフィルタ44の通過帯域内にある。通過帯域は、200ヘルツと2000ヘルツの間である。通過帯域は、振動器2の周波数による任意の適切な値の範囲とすることができる。バンドパスフィルタ44の帯域幅は、通過帯域における振動器2の周波数に関して可能な限り狭くする。
変位推定モジュール42から出力される最終的な変位信号は、バンドパスフィルタ44に供給される。最終的な変位信号は、時間に関する運動変位の波であり、針1、振動する体組織200、および他の運動の変位信号を重畳することにより生成される。すなわち、最終的な変位信号の振幅は、針1、振動する体組織200の変位、および心拍、呼吸などに起因する他の運動もしくは移動による変位の合計である。針1の周波数は、振動する体組織200および他の運動の周波数とは異なっており、したがって、バンドパスフィルタ44は、振動する体組織200の変位信号と、他の運動の変位信号とを、それぞれ、除外することができる。針1の変位信号は、ディスプレイ43に供給され、またディスプレイ43は、針1の変位信号に従って、体組織200上で針1の画像を表示する。それにより、干渉信号が除外されるので、針1と体組織200を識別することが容易になる。
一実施形態では、超音波走査ヘッド3からの超音波パルスは、振動器2の振動波に対して非同期である。超音波システム4からの付勢パルスもまた、振動器2の振動波に対して非同期である。信号方向に送信された一連の超音波パルスは、射線(ray line)と呼ばれ、図1で射線L1、L2、・・・Lnで示されており、nは射線の番号である。射線L1、L2、・・・Lnは、線ごとに送信される。一連の超音波パルスからの帰還信号は、射線に沿った位置に対して受信される。帰還信号のサンプリング周波数は、振動器2の振動波周波数の倍よりも大きい。サンプリング周波数は、個々の用途に従って選択することができる。
他の実施形態では、超音波走査ヘッド3からの超音波パルスは、振動器2の振動波と同期化される。超音波システム4からの付勢パルスもまた、振動器2の振動波と同期化される。超音波システム4は、振動器2と送信器および受信器モジュール41とを制御するために、振動器2と送信器および受信器モジュール41とに結合された制御装置45をさらに含む。制御装置45は、送信器および受信器モジュール41を制御して、振動器2の運動と同期化された付勢パルスを送る。
この実施形態では、超音波走査ヘッド3は、L1などの射線の1つに沿って1つの超音波パルスを送信し、次いで、L2などの次の射線に沿って他の超音波パルスを送信し、以下同様に送信される。超音波パルスは、L1からLnに沿って1つずつ送信され、フレームと呼ばれる。超音波走査ヘッド3は、フレームごとに超音波パルスを送る。1つのフレームでは、針1に沿ったいくつかの異なる点が走査され、その点からの帰還信号が受信される。図2を参照すると、針1の振動波Wは正弦波である。振動波Wは、ダウンサンプリングにより超音波走査ヘッド3でサンプリングされる。したがって、超音波パルスの周波数は低い。図2で、サンプリング点P1、P2、・・・Pmにより示されるように、正弦波の1つの期間で1または2個のサンプリング点が存在する、ただし、mはサンプリング点の番号である。したがって、体組織200の深い位置もまた走査することができる。
体組織200の中に針1を案内するための方法を、図1を参照して説明する。超音波走査ヘッド3が、皮膚の表面201と接触する。針1は、振動器2により振動し、体組織200の中に挿入される。超音波システム4は、超音波走査ヘッド3を制御して、超音波パルスを送信し、帰還信号を受信する。超音波システム4の送信器および受信器モジュール41は、付勢パルスを超音波走査ヘッド3に供給して、超音波パルスを送信させる。体組織200からの帰還信号が、送信器および受信器モジュール41により受信され、電気信号に変換される。一実施形態では、超音波システム4の制御装置45は、振動器2の運動と同期させた付勢パルスを送るように、送信器および受信器モジュール41を制御する。
電気信号が変位推定モジュール42に供給されて、電気信号の位相差に基づき運動変位が計算される。超音波システム4のディスプレイ43は、運動変位に従って、体組織200および針1の画像を表示する。一実施形態では、運動変位は、針1の運動変位を示すために、バンドパスフィルタ44によりフィルタされ、次いで、ディスプレイ43が、針1の運動変位に従って針1を表示する。ディスプレイ43上の画像から、針1を明確に視覚化することができ、したがって、体組織200を通る針1の進度を監視することができる。
本発明の諸実施形態が本明細書で述べられてきたが、本発明の範囲から逸脱することなく、様々な変更を加えることができ、また均等な形態でその要素を置き換えることも可能であることが当業者であれば理解されよう。さらに、本発明の本質的な範囲から逸脱することなく、特定の状況または材料に適合させるために、本発明の教示に対して多くの修正を行うことができる。したがって、本発明は、本発明を実施するために企図された最良の形態として開示された特定の実施形態に限定されなるものではなく、本発明は、添付の特許請求の範囲に含まれるすべての実施形態を含むように意図されている。
さらに、当業者であれば、様々な実施形態からの様々な特徴の互換性を理解されよう。前述の様々な特徴、ならびに各特徴に対する他の知られた均等な形態は、当業者により混合され、かつ組み合わされて、本開示の原理に従ってさらなるシステムおよび技法を構成することができる。
1 針
2 振動器
3 超音波走査ヘッド
4 超音波システム
31 撮像トランスデューサ
41 送信器および受信器モジュール
42 変位推定モジュール
43 ディスプレイ
44 バンドパスフィルタ
45 制御装置
100 超音波針案内装置
200 体組織
201 皮膚の表面
Ln 射線
Pm サンプリング点
W 振動波

Claims (14)

  1. 針を振動させるように構成された振動器と、
    超音波パルスを送信し、かつ帰還信号を受信するように構成された超音波走査ヘッドと、
    前記超音波走査ヘッドに結合された超音波システムと
    を備え、前記超音波システムが、
    前記超音波パルスを送信させるために前記超音波走査ヘッドに付勢パルスを供給し、かつ前記帰還信号に従って前記超音波走査ヘッドで生成された電気信号を受信するための、前記超音波走査ヘッドに結合された送信器および受信器モジュールと、
    前記振動器ならびに前記送信器および受信器モジュールに結合され、前記超音波走査ヘッドへの前記付勢パルスと前記超音波走査ヘッドからの前記超音波パルスが、前記振動器の振動波と同期化されるように、前記振動器ならびに前記送信器および受信器モジュールを制御する制御装置と、
    前記電気信号の位相差に基づき運動変位を計算するための、前記送信器および受信器モジュールに結合された変位推定モジュールと、
    前記運動変位に従って画像を表示するための、前記変位推定モジュールに結合されたディスプレイとを備える装置。
  2. 前記超音波システムが、前記変位推定モジュールと前記ディスプレイの間に結合されたバンドパスフィルタをさらに備え、前記振動器が、前記バンドパスフィルタの通過帯域内にある周波数で往復運動する、請求項1記載の装置。
  3. 前記振動器の前記周波数が、200ヘルツと2000ヘルツの間である、請求項2記載の装置。
  4. 前記振動波が、ダウンサンプリングにより前記超音波走査ヘッドでサンプリングされる、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の装置。
  5. 前記振動波の1つの期間における1または2点が、前記超音波走査ヘッドでサンプリングされる、請求項5記載の装置。
  6. 前記振動波が正弦波である、請求項4又は5記載の装置。
  7. 振動器と、超音波走査ヘッドと、超音波システムと、を備えた装置の作動方法であって、
    前記振動器が針を振動させるステップと、
    前記超音波システムの送信器及び受信器モジュールが、超音波パルスを送信し、かつ帰還信号を受信するように前記超音波走査ヘッドを制御するステップと、
    前記超音波システムの制御装置が、前記超音波走査ヘッドからの前記超音波パルスが前記振動器の振動波と同期化されるように、前記振動器ならびに前記送信器および受信器モジュールを制御するステップと、
    前記超音波システムの変位推定モジュールが、前記帰還信号に従って前記超音波走査ヘッドで生成された電気信号の位相差に基づき、前記針の運動変位を含む運動変位を計算するステップと、
    前記超音波システムのディスプレイが、前記針の前記運動変位に従って前記針の画像を表示するステップと
    を含む装置の作動方法。
  8. 前記針の運動変位ではない運動変位を除外するために、前記超音波システムのバンドパスフィルタにより前記運動変位をフィルタするステップをさらに含む、請求項記載の装置の作動方法。
  9. 前記振動器が、前記バンドパスフィルタの通過帯域内にあり、かつ200ヘルツと2000ヘルツの間にある周波数で往復運動をする、請求項記載の装置の作動方法。
  10. 前記振動波が、ダウンサンプリングにより前記超音波走査ヘッドでサンプリングされる、請求項7〜9のいずれか一項に記載の装置の作動方法。
  11. 前記振動波が正弦波である、請求項10記載の装置の作動方法。
  12. 前記振動波の1つの期間における1または2点が、前記超音波走査ヘッドでサンプリングされる、請求項10又は11記載の装置。
  13. 前記振動器が、前記針に対して長手方向に前記針を振動させる、請求項7〜12のいずれか一項に記載の装置の作動方法。
  14. 前記振動器が、前記針に対して水平方向に前記針を振動させる、請求項7〜12のいずれか一項に記載の装置の作動方法。
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