JP6190629B2 - 細胞、小胞、ナノ粒子およびバイオマーカーを分離および単離するためのエキソビボの多次元システム - Google Patents
細胞、小胞、ナノ粒子およびバイオマーカーを分離および単離するためのエキソビボの多次元システム Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2008年4月3日に出願された、「細胞、小胞、ナノ粒子およびバイオマーカーを分離および単離するためのエキソビボの多次元システム(Ex−Vivo Multi−Dimensional System for the Separation and Isolation of Cells,Vesicles,Nanoparticles and Biomarkers)」を発明の名称とする米国仮特許出願第61/042,228号明細書の利益を主張するものであり、その開示内容全体を参照によって本明細書に援用する。
本研究は、NIH Grant/Contract CA119335の支援を受けて実施した。米国政府はこの発明に一定の権利を有する場合がある。
5倍濃縮トリス・ホウ酸・EDTA(TBE)緩衝溶液をUSB Corporation(USB、Cleveland、Ohio、USA)から入手し、脱イオンミリQ超純水(55nS/cm)を用いて0.01×TBE、0.1×TBEおよび1×TBEの濃度に希釈した。ダルベッコリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(1×PBS)溶液をInvitrogen(Invitrogen、Carlsbad、CA、USA)から入手し、ミリQ水を用いて0.1×PBSに希釈した。適切な伝導率標準液(conductivity standards)で調整した2セル(範囲:10〜2000μS)および4セル(範囲:1〜200mS)電極を用いてAccumet Research AR−50 Conductivityメーター(Fisher Scientific、Fair Lawn、NJ、USA)で伝導度の測定を行った。以下の緩衝液伝導度を測定した:0.01×TBE−18.1μS/cm;0.1×TBE−125μS/cm;1×TBE−1.09mS/cm;0.1×PBS−1.77mS/cm;および1×PBS−16.8mS/cm。
NeutrAvidinを表面被覆した蛍光ポリスチレンナノ粒子(FluoSpheres)をInvitrogen(Invitrogen、San Diego、CA、USA)から購入した。ナノ粒子の直径は0.04μm(40nm)および0.2μm(200nm)であった。40nmのポリスチレンナノ粒子は赤色蛍光(ex:585/em:605)であり、200nmのポリスチレンナノ粒子は黄色−緑色蛍光(ex:505/em:515)であった。より大きな10.14μmのカルボキシル化ポリスチレン粒子をBangs Labs(Bangs Labs、Fishers、IN、USA)から入手した。ビオチン化DNAオリゴヌクレオチド配列をTrilink Bio Technologies(Trilink、San Diego、CA、USA)から入手した。40nmのナノ粒子の誘導体化に使用した51merの一本鎖DNAオリゴヌクレオチドは配列が[5]’−ビオチン−TCA GGG CCT CAC CAC CTA CTT CAT CCA CGT TCA CTC AGG GCC TCA CCA CCT[3]’であった。使用した23merの第2の一本鎖DNAオリゴヌクレオチドは配列が[5]’−ビオチン−GTA CGG CTG TCA TCA CTT AGA CC[3]’であった。まず40nmのNeutrAvidinナノ粒子を様々な濃度のトリス・ホウ酸・EDTA(0.01×、0.1×、1×TBE)またはリン酸塩緩衝生理食塩水(0.1×、1×PBS)緩衝液に懸濁して、ビオチン化DNAオリゴヌクレオチドでこのナノ粒子の誘導体化を行った。この混合物に、51merのss−DNA配列に対して400:1(DNA:40nmのナノ粒子)の割合の量で、23merのss−DNA配列に対して6500:1(DNA:40nmのナノ粒子)の割合の量でss−DNAオリゴヌクレオチドを加えた。DNAを加えたら、この溶液を高速度で20秒間ボルテックスし、次いで約20分間反応させた。40nmのDNA誘導体化ナノ粒子の実験では、0.5μLの原液を299μLの適当な緩衝液に加えてDNAナノ粒子混合物を作製した。200nmのナノ粒子の実験では、0.5μLの原液を299μLの適当な緩衝液に加えた。最後に、このサンプルに10.14μmのポリスチレン粒子原液1μLを加え、次いでサンプルを約10秒間ゆっくりと混合した。これでサンプルをマイクロアレイカートリッジ装置に充填する準備が整った。
本試験に使用した微小電極アレイ装置は、Nanogen(San Diego、CA、USA、NanoChip(登録商標)100Cartridge)から入手した。アレイの円形微小電極は直径が80μmで、白金製であった。このマイクロアレイは10μm厚の多孔性ポリアクリルアミドヒドロゲル層で被覆されている。マイクロアレイは、アレイ上にガラス窓で覆われた20μLのサンプルチャンバーを形成するマイクロ流体カートリッジに封入される。個々の微小電極の電気的接続部は、カートリッジの底部にピンで留められている(pinned out to)。9枚の微小電極の3×3サブセットだけを使用してDEPを行った。チェッカーボードアドレッシングパターン(checkerboard addressing pattern)内の9枚の微小電極に交流(AC)電界を印加した。このチェッカーボードアドレッシングパターンにおいて、各微小電極は最近接電極と反対のバイアスを持つ。このパターンによる形成される非対称な電界分布に対応するコンピューターモデルは、既に考察されている[27]。このモデルでは、正のDEP電界の最大値(高電場領域)が微小電極(上)に存在し、負のDEP電界の最小値(低電場領域)が電極間の領域に存在することが示される。一般に、低い導電率溶液におけるDEPの場合、60nmのDNAおよび200nmのナノ粒子は微小電極の正または高電場領域に濃縮されると予想され[28]、10ミクロン粒子は微小電極間の負または低電界DEP領域に濃縮される[29]。この以前のモデルの計算は、5×5微小電極セットを対象に行われた[27]。各実験の前に、マイクロアレイカートリッジを、200μLの適当な緩衝液で5分にわたり10回フラッシュする。カートリッジを5分間静置し、次いで200μLの緩衝液でさらに2回洗浄する。次いでナノ粒子混合物を含むサンプル溶液を合計150μLゆっくりとカートリッジに注入し、最終的に約20μLのサンプル量がカートリッジに残る。
本マイクロアレイ装置は、100枚の各微小電極に印加される電圧を個々に制御できる特注の切り換えシステム(我々の実験室において設計および構成された)を用いて制御した。微小電極を、Agilent 33120A Arbitrary Function Generator(Agilent、Santa Clara、CA、USA)を用いて適切なAC周波数および電圧に設定した。AC周波数は、10ボルト 最大振幅で1000Hz〜10,000Hzの範囲であった。実験に使用した波形はすべて正弦波であった。実験は、適切な励起および発光フィルター(緑色蛍光Ex505nm、Em515nm;赤色蛍光Ex585nm、Em605nmを使用してJenaLumar落射蛍光顕微鏡(Zeiss、Jena、Germany)の10×PL Fluotar対物レンズで可視化した。バックライト画像および蛍光画像はどちらもOptronics 24−bit RGB CCDカメラ(Optronics、Goleta、CA、USA)を用いて撮像した。画像データは、Adobe Premiere Pro(Adobe Systems Inc、San Jose、CA、USA)あるいはWindows Movie Makerを用いてラップトップコンピューターに接続されたCanopus ADVC−55ビデオキャプチャカード(Canopus、San Jose、CA、USA)により処理した。最終の蛍光データは、0分時点、30秒時点、1分時点、2分時点、4分時点、8分時点、16分時点および20分時点にビデオの個々の蛍光画像フレームをMATLAB(Mathworks、Natick、MA、USA)に入力して解析した。グラフは、微小電極全体の蛍光強度値に関するMATLAB解析により得られたデータからExcelを用いて作成した。MATLABを用いて作成した。グラフの作成には以下のデータを使用した:σp(200nm)=18mS、σp(40nm+DNA)=50mS Ks=0.9nS、εp=2.55ε0。r=30nmおよびr=100nm。f=3kHz。DEP実験の終了後、FCOSマイクロアレイの表面からすべての流体を除去し、Phillips XL30走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で視覚化した。SEMを用いてマイクロアレイの表面上の最終的なナノ粒子層を画像化した。
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Claims (10)
- 交流動電装置の誘電泳動(DEP)高電場領域において、高伝導度サンプルからナノスケールの分析物を単離するための交流動電装置であって、
前記交流動電装置は、
(a)ハウジングと、
(b)前記ハウジング内に設けられた複数の交流電極とを備え、
前記複数の交流電極は、前記高伝導度サンプルにおいて誘電泳動(DEP)高電場領域と誘電泳動(DEP)低電場領域とを確立するように選択的にエネルギー供給するように構成され、これにより、交流動電効果は、前記交流動電装置のある誘電泳動(DEP)高電場領域において複数の高伝導度サンプルの中のより大きな実体からナノスケールの分析物を分離することを提供し、
(c)前記交流動電装置は、当該交流動電装置の誘電泳動(DEP)高電場領域内で前記高伝導度サンプルにおいてナノスケールの分析物を単離することができ、
前記高伝導度サンプルは、100mS/mを超える伝導度を有し、
(1)前記交流は20kHz未満の周波数を有し、もしくは
(2)前記交流は10kHz〜50kHzの周波数を有し、
前記高伝導度サンプルは高伝導度生体サンプルである交流動電装置。 - 前記高伝導度生体サンプルは、血液、尿、唾液、全血、血漿または血清である請求項1記載の交流動電装置。
- (1)前記ナノスケール分析物は、5nmから500nmまでの間のサイズを有する複数の粒子であり、もしくは、
(2)前記ナノスケール分析物は、
(i)高分子量DNA、
(ii)RNA、
(iii)タンパク質、および/または
(iv)細胞膜を含み、もしくは、
(3)前記ナノスケール分析物は、5nmから500nmまでの間のサイズを有する複数の粒子であり、かつ
(i)高分子量DNA、
(ii)RNA、
(iii)タンパク質、および/または
(iv)細胞膜を含む請求項1記載の交流動電装置。 - 前記交流動電装置はさらに、より大きな実体を含み、
前記ナノスケールの分析物は、より大きな実体から前記交流動電装置において単離され、
前記より大きな実体は誘電泳動(DEP)低電場領域において存在する請求項1記載の交流動電装置。 - 前記複数の交流電極は、高伝導度状態で発生する増大される電気化学活性下で30秒間効率を維持するために十分に頑強である請求項1記載の交流動電装置。
- 交流動電装置の誘電泳動(DEP)高電場領域において、高伝導度血液サンプルからナノスケールの分析物を単離する交流動電装置であって、
前記交流動電装置は、
(a)ハウジングと、
(b)前記ハウジング内に設けられた複数の交流電極とを備え、
前記複数の交流電極は、前記高伝導度血液サンプルにおいて誘電泳動(DEP)高電場領域と誘電泳動(DEP)低電場領域とを確立するように選択的にエネルギー供給するように構成され、これにより、交流動電効果は、前記交流動電装置のある誘電泳動(DEP)高電場領域において血液中のより大きな実体からナノスケールの分析物を分離することを提供し、
(c)前記交流動電装置は、当該交流動電装置の誘電泳動(DEP)高電場領域内で前記高伝導度サンプルにおいてナノスケールの分析物を単離することができ、
前記高伝導度サンプルは、100mS/mを超える伝導度を有し、
(1)前記交流は20kHz未満の周波数を有し、もしくは
(2)前記交流は10kHz〜50kHzの周波数を有する交流動電装置。 - 高伝導度サンプルにおけるより大きな実体からナノスケールの分析物を分離する方法であって、
前記方法は、
(a)複数の交流電極を備えた交流動電装置に対して、高伝導度サンプルを加えることと、
(b)交流を用いて、前記複数の交流電極に対して選択的にエネルギー供給して、前記高伝導度サンプルにおいて誘電泳動(DEP)高電場領域と誘電泳動(DEP)低電場領域とを確立し、これにより、交流動電効果は、前記誘電泳動(DEP)高電場領域において、前記より大きな実体から前記高伝導度サンプルにおけるナノスケールの分析物を分離することを提供することと、
(c)前記複数の交流電極に対して任意選択的にエネルギー供給することにより直流電気泳動電場を確立し、これにより、直流電気泳動効果は、直流電気泳動を用いてナノスケールの分析物の分離を提供することとを含み、
前記高伝導度サンプルは、100mS/mを超える伝導度を有し、
(1)前記交流は20kHz未満の周波数を有し、もしくは
(2)前記交流は10kHz〜50kHzの周波数を有し、
前記高伝導度サンプルは高伝導度生体サンプルである方法。 - (1)前記ナノスケールの分析物は、5nmから500nmまでの間のサイズを有する複数の粒子であり、もしくは、
(2)前記ナノスケールの分析物は、
(i)高分子量DNA、
(ii)RNA、
(iii)タンパク質、および/または
(iv)細胞膜
を含み、もしくは
(3)前記ナノスケールの分析物は、5nmから500nmまでの間のサイズを有する複数の粒子であり、かつ
前記ナノスケールの分析物は、
(i)高分子量DNA、
(ii)RNA、
(iii)タンパク質、および/または
(iv)細胞膜
を含む請求項7記載の方法。 - 前記より大きな実体は、複数の細胞及び複数のミクロンサイズの粒子を含む請求項7記載の方法。
- 前記高伝導度サンプルは、血液、尿、唾液、全血、血清または血漿である請求項7記載の方法。
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WO2009146143A3 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
IL208429A (en) | 2016-08-31 |
EP2260297B1 (en) | 2018-08-01 |
CN103353476B (zh) | 2016-05-25 |
EP2260297A2 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
CN102037351A (zh) | 2011-04-27 |
WO2009146143A2 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
JP2011516867A (ja) | 2011-05-26 |
CN103353476A (zh) | 2013-10-16 |
CA2720324C (en) | 2016-08-23 |
BRPI0910898B1 (pt) | 2021-09-14 |
ES2699679T3 (es) | 2019-02-12 |
GB201007402D0 (en) | 2010-06-16 |
EP2260297A4 (en) | 2012-07-18 |
BRPI0910898A2 (pt) | 2020-08-04 |
US20110108422A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
JP2013224947A (ja) | 2013-10-31 |
US8932447B2 (en) | 2015-01-13 |
US20140048417A1 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
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