JP6180692B1 - 医療用マニピュレータシステム - Google Patents
医療用マニピュレータシステム Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
たとえば、内視鏡画像の表示領域の外側に設定された境界領域に内視鏡の視野外に位置する処置具の位置及び配向を表示させる技術が特許文献1に開示されている。
特許文献1に開示された技術によれば、内視鏡の視野外に位置する処置具の位置及び配向を操作者に容易に把握させ、内視鏡の視野外の処置具を視野内へと容易に移動させることができる。
本発明は、使い勝手の良い医療用マニピュレータシステムを提供することを目的とする。
図1に示すように、本実施形態の医療用マニピュレータシステム1は、撮像部3を有する第一マニピュレータ2と、所定の基準座標系における第一マニピュレータ2の位置及び姿勢を検知する第一位置姿勢検知部4と、前記第一マニピュレータ2を駆動させる第一駆動部6と、エンドエフェクタ8を有する第二マニピュレータ7と、上記の基準座標系における第二マニピュレータ7の位置及び姿勢を検知する第二位置姿勢検知部9と、第二マニピュレータ7を駆動させる第二駆動部11と、第一マニピュレータ2の撮像部3に接続された画像処理装置12と、第一マニピュレータ2及び第二マニピュレータ7を操作するための操作部13と、操作部13に対する操作入力に基づいて第一マニピュレータ2及び第二マニピュレータ7を制御する制御部15と、制御部15に接続された表示部22とを備えている。
なお、第一マニピュレータ2の撮像部3の視野方向を変更するための別のアクチュエータ(不図示)が第一マニピュレータ2に配されていてもよく、この場合、このアクチュエータは第一駆動部6の一部として制御部15により制御される。
なお、第二マニピュレータ7においてエンドエフェクタ8が首振り等の動作をすることができる場合には、第二位置姿勢検知部9のエンコーダは、第二マニピュレータ7自身の位置及び姿勢を検知するための第一のエンコーダと、エンドエフェクタ8の位置及び姿勢を検知するための第二のエンコーダとを含んでいてもよい。
図2に示すように、制御部15は、位置情報取得部16と、視野領域取得部17と、画像生成部18と、画像重畳部19と、制御信号出力部20と、判別部21とを有している。
本実施形態における基準座標系は、本実施形態の医療用マニピュレータに対して設定された所定の位置を原点とする直交座標系である。
第一位置P1の情報は撮像部3の位置の座標及びその姿勢の情報を含み、第二位置P2の情報はエンドエフェクタ8の位置の座標及びその姿勢の情報を含む。
また、視野領域取得部17は、撮像部3の画角等の光学特性並びに撮像部3の位置及び姿勢(第一位置P1の情報)に基づいて、撮像部3が配される体内の空間内に視野空間S1(図3及び図4参照)を規定する。たとえば、視野領域取得部17は、撮像部3の画角等の光学特性並びに撮像部3の位置及び姿勢(第一位置P1の情報)に基づいて、基準座標系における視野空間S1の位置を算出する。視野空間S1は、撮像部3によって撮像可能な範囲のうち視野中心を含む一部であってもよいし、撮像部3の画角によって規定される空間であってもよい。
視野空間S1は、表示部22に表示される画像において、撮像部3の撮像視野(視野領域A1,図5参照)と対応する。
境界空間S2は、表示部22に表示される画像において、視野領域A1の周囲に位置する撮像視野外の領域(境界領域A2,図5参照)と対応する。
画像生成部18は、エンドエフェクタ8の形状を模した指標Mを含む立体画像(たとえば操作者の左目と右目に対応するように視差を考慮して構成された一組の画像)を生成してもよい。
また、制御信号出力部20は、操作部13に対する操作入力に従って第二マニピュレータ7を動作させるための制御信号を生成して第二駆動部11へと出力する。さらに、制御信号出力部20は、複数の制御モードのうち判別部21により選択された1つのモードに従って、操作部13による操作指令に対する制限内容を変更する制御信号を操作部13へと出力する。
複数の制御モードは、操作部13による第二マニピュレータ7の操作を許可する第一モードと、操作部13による操作指令に対して所定の制限を加えた上で制限の範囲内で第二マニピュレータ7の操作を許可する第二モードと、操作部13による第二マニピュレータ7の操作を禁止する第三モードとを含む。
本実施形態の判別部21は、第二位置P2が視野空間S1の内にある場合(表示部22の表示上では第二位置P2が視野領域A1内にある場合)(図5参照)に第一モードを選択する。
表示部22は、制御部15から出力された画像と画像処理装置12から出力された画像とのいずれか一方を選択に応じて表示できるように、複数の入力系統及びセレクタを有していてもよい。
本実施形態の医療用マニピュレータシステム1の使用時には、医療用マニピュレータシステム1は、撮像部3とエンドエフェクタ8との位置関係に基づいて、判別部21が制御モードを切り替える。
エンドエフェクタ8が視野領域A1外且つ境界領域A2内にあるとき(図6参照)には、判別部21は複数の制御モードから第二モードを選択するので、エンドエフェクタ8はその移動速度が制限されつつも自在に移動可能である。
エンドエフェクタ8が境界領域A2外にあるとき(図7参照)には、判別部21は複数の制御モードから第三モードを選択するので、エンドエフェクタ8は操作部13による操作に反応せず停止する。
上記実施形態の変形例について説明する。以下の各変形例において、上記の実施形態に開示された構成要素と同様の構成要素には、上記実施形態と同一の符号を付し、重複する説明を省略する。
本変形例の医療用マニピュレータシステム1(図1参照)は、第二マニピュレータ7が境界空間S2内でその外延に近づくに従って第二マニピュレータ7の移動可能速度が漸次低下するように第二マニピュレータ7が制御される点で、上記実施形態と異なっている。
上記実施形態の他の変形例について説明する。図9は、本変形例の医療用マニピュレータシステムのブロック図である。
図9に示すように、本変形例の医療用マニピュレータシステム1は、第二マニピュレータ7が、第二マニピュレータ7が物体に接触したことにより物体が第二マニピュレータ7を押し返す力量を検知する触覚センサ24(接触検知手段)を有し、マスタアーム14が、第二マニピュレータ7のセンサが検知した力量を操作者の手に伝えるフィードバック手段(不図示)を有している。
なお、本変形例において、医療用マニピュレータシステム1が第二モードで動作している時に触覚センサ24が第二マニピュレータ7と物体との接触を検知した場合に、第二マニピュレータ7と物体とが接触した旨を制御部15が操作者に報知(視覚や聴覚により知覚可能なものも含む)するとともに、操作部13による第二マニピュレータ7の操作を制御部15が禁止してもよい。また、この場合、操作部13による第二マニピュレータ7の操作を制御部15が禁止することに代えて、第二マニピュレータ7と物体との接触が解消する方向にのみ第二マニピュレータ7が移動可能となるように第二モードにおいて第二マニピュレータ7の移動可能方向が制限されてもよい。
上記実施形態のさらに他の変形例について説明する。
本変形例では、第二モードにおける動作として、上記実施形態,変形例1,及び変形例2に開示した動作から1つを選択して設定することができる。
たとえば、操作部13が、第二モードにおける動作を選択するためのスイッチ(不図示)を有している。
本変形例の医療用マニピュレータシステム1では、操作者の好みに合わせて第二モードにおける動作を選択できるので、使い勝手が良い。
上記実施形態のさらに他の変形例について説明する。図10は、本変形例の医療用マニピュレータシステムのブロック図である。
図10に示すように、本変形例の医療用マニピュレータシステム1は、第一マニピュレータ2及び第二マニピュレータ7に加えて第三マニピュレータ25を有している。
また、第三マニピュレータ25は、第一多関節アーム5と同様の第三多関節アーム28(第三位置姿勢検知部27)と、第一駆動部6と同様の第三駆動部29とを有しており、制御部15によって制御される。
上記実施形態のさらに他の変形例について説明する。図11は、本変形例の医療用マニピュレータシステムのブロック図である。図12は、本変形例の医療用マニピュレータシステムの表示部に表示される画像の例を示す模式図である。
図11に示すように、本変形例では、上記の画像重畳部19に代えて、撮像部3が撮像した映像と画像生成部18が生成した画像とをそれぞれ別の表示パネル23に表示させる画像出力部30を有している。表示部22は、撮像部3が撮像した映像を表示する視野表示部22aとなる第一パネル23Aと、第二マニピュレータ7の存在に対応する指標Mを表示可能な補助表示部22bとなる第二パネル23Bとを有している。
上記実施形態のさらに他の変形例について説明する。図13は、本変形例の医療用マニピュレータシステムによって規定される視野空間及び境界空間を示す模式図である。図14は、本変形例の医療用マニピュレータシステムの表示部に表示される画像の例を示す模式図である。
2 第一マニピュレータ
3 撮像部
4 第一位置姿勢検知部
5 第一多関節アーム
6 第一駆動部
7 第二マニピュレータ
8 エンドエフェクタ
9 第二位置姿勢検知部
10 第二多関節アーム
11 第二駆動部
12 画像処理装置
13 操作部
14 マスタアーム
15 制御部
16 位置情報取得部
17 視野領域取得部
18 画像生成部
19 画像重畳部
20 制御信号出力部
21 判別部
22 表示部
22a 視野表示部
22b 補助表示部
23 表示パネル
24 触覚センサ
25 第三マニピュレータ
26 撮像部
27 第三位置姿勢検知部
28 第三多関節アーム
29 第三駆動部
30 画像出力部
Claims (7)
- 撮像部を有する第一マニピュレータと、
エンドエフェクタを有する第二マニピュレータと、
前記撮像部からの映像を表示する表示部と、
前記第一マニピュレータ又は前記第二マニピュレータを操作するための操作指令を発する操作部と、
複数の制御モードから1つのモードを選択して前記操作指令に基づいて前記第一マニピュレータ又は前記第二マニピュレータを制御する制御部と、
を備え、
前記制御部は、
前記第一マニピュレータに設定された所定部位の位置を第一位置として取得するとともに前記第二マニピュレータに設定された所定部位の位置を第二位置として取得する位置情報取得部と、
前記撮像部が撮像した映像を取得し、視野領域を算出する視野領域取得部と、
前記視野領域,前記第一位置,及び前記第二位置に基づいて前記複数の制御モードから1つのモードを選択する判別部と、
を有し、
前記複数の制御モードは、
前記操作部による前記第二マニピュレータの操作を許可する第一モードと、
前記操作部による前記操作指令に対して所定の制限を加えた上で前記制限の範囲内で前記第二マニピュレータの操作を許可する第二モードと、
前記操作部による前記第二マニピュレータの操作を禁止する第三モードと、
を含み、
前記判別部は、
前記第二位置が前記視野領域の内にある場合に前記第一モードを選択し、
前記第二位置が前記視野領域の外にあり且つ前記第一位置と前記第二位置との距離が所定値以下である場合に前記第二モードを選択し、
前記第二位置が前記視野領域の外にあり且つ前記第一位置と前記第二位置との距離が前記所定値を超えている場合に前記第三モードを選択する
医療用マニピュレータシステム。 - 前記表示部は、
前記撮像部が撮像した前記映像を表示する視野表示部と、
前記第二マニピュレータの存在に対応する指標を表示可能な補助表示部と、
を有する請求項1に記載の医療用マニピュレータシステム。 - 前記第二モードは、前記第一モードにおける前記第二マニピュレータの動作速度よりも低速で前記第二マニピュレータを動作させるように前記第二マニピュレータの動作速度を制限する
請求項1に記載の医療用マニピュレータシステム。 - 前記第二モードは、
前記第二マニピュレータの動作可能方向を前記第一モードよりも制限する
請求項1に記載の医療用マニピュレータシステム。 - 前記第二モードは、
前記動作可能方向を前記第二位置が前記視野領域に向かう方向のみに制限する
請求項4に記載の医療用マニピュレータシステム。 - 前記第二モードにおける制限の内容を設定する設定手段をさらに有する請求項1に記載の医療用マニピュレータシステム。
- 前記第二マニピュレータは、前記第二マニピュレータが物体に接触したことを検知可能な接触検知手段をさらに有し、
前記第二モードは、前記第二マニピュレータと前記物体とが接触したことを前記接触検知手段が検知したときに、前記第二マニピュレータと前記物体とが接触したことを操作者に報知し、且つ、前記操作部による前記第二マニピュレータの操作を禁止する
請求項1に記載の医療用マニピュレータシステム。
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