JP6172402B2 - 排水処理方法及び排水処理用の活性剤 - Google Patents
排水処理方法及び排水処理用の活性剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6172402B2 JP6172402B2 JP2016555383A JP2016555383A JP6172402B2 JP 6172402 B2 JP6172402 B2 JP 6172402B2 JP 2016555383 A JP2016555383 A JP 2016555383A JP 2016555383 A JP2016555383 A JP 2016555383A JP 6172402 B2 JP6172402 B2 JP 6172402B2
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- activator
- wastewater
- bacillus
- compound
- silicon
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
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Description
鉱物などに含まれるケイ素化合物の形態は、ケイ酸やケイ酸塩が知られている。ケイ酸は化学式〔SiOx(OH)4−2X〕nで表されるケイ素、酸素、水素の化合物の総称であり、自然界に確認されているものは、オルトケイ酸(H4SiO4)、メタケイ酸(H2SiO3)、メタ二ケイ酸(H2Si2O5)などがある。ケイ酸塩は、1個または数個のケイ素原子を中心とし、電気陰性な配位子がこれを取り込んだ構造を持つアニオンを含む化合物で、シリケートとも呼ばれている。自然界の鉱物はケイ酸塩鉱物として大量に存在する。バチルス菌等の微生物を優占化した排水処理プロセスにおいてケイ素の供給源としてはこのケイ酸塩鉱物を添加することが安価で簡便である。しかし、ケイ素の構造が重合した形で存在しているため不溶性である。
可溶化剤としては、ケイ素化合物を可溶化できるものであればよく、特に制限はないが、例えばカチオン系ポリマーが挙げられる。カチオン系ポリマーの有する正電荷がSiO−の負電荷を電気的に中和して、例えば上記式(1)によるケイ素及び/又はケイ素化合物の重合を抑制することができ、これにより、ケイ素化合物を水あるいは水性溶媒中で可溶化状態に保つことができる。
活性汚泥処理に用いる活性剤として、高炉スラグをジェットミル(アイシンナノテクノロジーズ社製)で粉砕し、高炉スラグの粉体を調製した。以下これを高炉スラグの粉砕品Aとする。
粉砕の条件を調製例1よりも弱く調整して、高炉スラグの粉体を調製した。以下これを高炉スラグの粉砕品Bとする。
高炉スラグの粉砕品Aの粒度分布をレーザー回折・散乱式粒度分布測定装置(「マイクロトラックMT3000」、日機装株式会社)を用いて測定した。その結果を図4に示す。図4に示されるように、粉砕品Aは、粒子の50個数%以上が10μm未満の粒径を有していた。
高炉スラグの粉砕品A、高炉スラグの粉砕品B、及び活性汚泥処理に用いる活性剤として市販されている市販品(主要組成(質量%):ケイ素19.3、鉄3.6、カルシウム3.9、マグネシウム4.2、アルミニウム3.4、マンガン0.1)のそれぞれについて、バチルス属細菌の増殖を活性化する効果を調べた。バチルス属細菌としては、Bacillus methylotrophicusに属するバチルス属細菌(以下「バチルス菌A」という。)、及びBacillus subtilisに属する(以下「バチルス菌B」という。)を用いた。
高炉スラグの粉砕品A、高炉スラグの粉砕品B、及び活性汚泥処理に用いる活性剤として市販されている市販品のそれぞれについて、バチルス属細菌によるタンパク質分解酵素産生を活性化する効果を調べた。バチルス属細菌としては、試験例2と同様に、バチルス菌A及びバチルス菌Bを用いた。
試験例3と同様に培養した各バチルス菌のそれぞれの培養液について、培養液中に分泌された炭水化物分解酵素の活性を調べた。
一般に排水処理プロセスに鉱物などミネラルを添加すると、その活性汚泥の微生物叢バランスにおいてバチルス属細菌が優占化することが知られている。これは、鉱物に含まれるケイ素化合物がバチルス属細菌の生育を促進したり、悪環境下での耐性を向上させたりするためであると考えられている(環境バイオテクノロジー学会誌(2011)vol.11、No.1・2、p47−53参照、第65回日本生物工学会大会要旨集p221)。
鉱物に一般的に含まれているケイ素以外の金属成分として、鉄、アルミニウム、カルシウム、マグネシウムを選定し、それぞれについて、バチルス属細菌のタンパク質分解酵素産生に与える影響を調べた。バチルス属細菌としては、試験例5と同様に、バチルス菌A及びバチルス菌Bを用いた。
試験例6と同様に培養した各バチルス菌のそれぞれの培養液について、試験例4と同様にして培養液中に分泌された炭水化物分解酵素の活性を調べた。
2:処理槽
3:沈殿槽
4:ブロア
5:ばっ気調整バルブ
6:散気板
7:返送汚泥ポンプ
8:汚泥引抜ポンプ
9:活性剤供給槽
10:活性剤注入ポンプ
11:活性剤注入調整バルブ
12:計測器
13:酵素活性測定器
14:演算部
L1、L2、L3:配管
Claims (11)
- 有機物を含む排水を処理槽に導入し、その処理槽で微生物により排水を活性汚泥処理する排水処理方法であって、前記処理槽で活性汚泥処理される前記排水に、バチルス属細菌を活性化する成分を含有する活性剤を添加し、前記活性剤は、高炉スラグ、珪藻土、パーライト、及びセメントからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の粉砕物を含み、全体の50個数%以上が10μm未満の粒径を有することを特徴とする排水処理方法。
- 前記活性剤は、前記バチルス属細菌によるタンパク質分解酵素活性及び炭水化物分解酵素活性を増大させるために添加する請求項1記載の排水処理方法。
- 前記活性剤は、ケイ素化合物を含む請求項1又は2記載の排水処理方法。
- 前記活性剤は、更に鉄化合物、マグネシウム化合物、カルシウム化合物、及びマンガン化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む請求項3記載の排水処理方法。
- 前記活性剤は、該活性剤に更にケイ素化合物の可溶化剤を組み合わせて用いる請求項3又は4記載の排水処理方法。
- 前記可溶化剤は、ケイ素及び/又はケイ素化合物の重合を抑制するカチオン系ポリマーを含む請求項5記載の排水処理方法。
- 有機物を含む排水を処理槽に導入し、その処理槽で微生物により排水を活性汚泥処理する排水処理方法に用いる活性剤であって、バチルス属細菌を活性化する成分を含有し、高炉スラグ、珪藻土、パーライト、及びセメントからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の粉砕物を含み、全体の50個数%以上が10μm未満の粒径を有することを特徴とする排水処理用の活性剤。
- 前記微生物を活性化する成分として、ケイ素化合物を含む請求項7記載の活性剤。
- 前記微生物を活性化する成分として、更に鉄化合物、マグネシウム化合物、カルシウム化合物、及びマンガン化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む請求項8記載の活性剤。
- ケイ素化合物の可溶化剤と組み合わせて用いる請求項8又は9記載の活性剤。
- 前記可溶化剤は、ケイ素及び/又はケイ素化合物の重合を抑制するカチオン系ポリマーを含む請求項10記載の活性剤。
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US11090703B2 (en) | 2016-08-19 | 2021-08-17 | Corigin International Institute | Soil restoration method and structure |
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