JP6170609B2 - 内部較正を伴うアッセイ - Google Patents
内部較正を伴うアッセイ Download PDFInfo
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- JP6170609B2 JP6170609B2 JP2016500134A JP2016500134A JP6170609B2 JP 6170609 B2 JP6170609 B2 JP 6170609B2 JP 2016500134 A JP2016500134 A JP 2016500134A JP 2016500134 A JP2016500134 A JP 2016500134A JP 6170609 B2 JP6170609 B2 JP 6170609B2
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- 125000004044 trifluoroacetyl group Chemical group FC(C(=O)*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- MSRILKIQRXUYCT-UHFFFAOYSA-M valproate semisodium Chemical compound [Na+].CCCC(C(O)=O)CCC.CCCC(C([O-])=O)CCC MSRILKIQRXUYCT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Description
本出願は、2013年3月15日に出願された米国特許出願第13/833,365号の継続出願である。該米国特許出願は参照によりこの全体があらゆる目的のために本明細書に組み込まれる。
a)被検物結合性捕捉分子を、第1の標識で標識された所定の濃度のトレーサー被検物および第2の標識で標識された所定の濃度の被検物結合性検出分子と接触させること、ここで、当該被検物結合性捕捉分子と当該被検物結合性検出分子は当該トレーサー被検物に同時に結合する;
b)得られた当該第1の標識のシグナル強度(I 1 0 )および得られた当該第2の標識のシグナル強度(I 2 0 )を測定すること;
c)当該第1の標識の強度(I 1 0 )に対する当該第2の標識の強度(I 2 0 )の比として補正係数(F)を求めること;このとき、当該補正係数を求めることによりアッセイの内部較正が可能である、
を含む。一般的に、この方法は試験試料の非存在下で行われる。
a)被検物結合性捕捉分子を、第1の標識で標識された所定の濃度のトレーサー被検物および第2の標識で標識された所定の濃度の被検物結合性検出分子と、試験被検物を含んでいるかもしれない1種類以上の試験試料の非存在下または存在下のいずれかで接触させること、ここで、当該被検物結合性捕捉分子と当該被検物結合性検出分子は当該トレーサー被検物に、および存在する場合は前記1種類以上の試験試料中の試験被検物に同時に結合する;
b)前記1種類以上の試験試料の非存在下での当該第1の標識の得られたシグナル強度(I 1 0 )および当該第2の標識の得られたシグナル強度(I 2 0 )を測定すること;
c)当該第1の標識の強度(I 1 0 )に対する当該第2の標識の強度(I 2 0 )の比として補正係数(F)を求めること;
d)前記1種類以上の試験試料の存在下での当該第1の標識の得られたシグナル強度(I 1 )および当該第2の標識の得られたシグナル強度(I 2 )を測定すること;ならびに
e)当該第1の標識の強度(I 1 )に対する当該第2の標識の強度(I 2 )の比に、トレーサー被検物の当該所定の濃度を乗算し、当該補正係数(F)で除算し、トレーサー被検物の当該所定の濃度を減算することにより、前記1種類以上の試験試料中の試験被検物の濃度を求めること
を含む。さまざまな実施形態において、工程b)とd)が同時に、または任意の順序で行われ得る。一部の実施形態では、工程d)とe)が1回以上反復される。一部の実施形態では、工程a)からc)が1回しか行われない。一部の実施形態では、トレーサー被検物の当該所定の濃度が、予測される試験被検物濃度より低い濃度から予測される目標試験被検物濃度より約5倍高い濃度の範囲である。
以下の用語は本開示に関連するものである。
SBP1+SBP2→SBP1−SBP2
Ab+Ag→Ab−Ag。
SBP1+SBP2←SBP1−SBP2
Ab+Ag←Ab−Ag。
A+B→AB
本明細書において提供する内部較正キットおよびアッセイ法はサンドイッチアッセイ形式に特に適切である。較正標準セットを単独のトレーサー(即ち、標識またはレポーター分子と結合したトレーサー被検物)と置き換える。また、所定の濃度の同じトレーサーを、内部較正標準としての機能を果たす各被検試料にも添加する。トレーサー被検物の使用により、1つ以上のデータセットの測定および解析に適用することができる1つだけの内部較正標準の使用が可能になる。例えば、内部較正標準は1日に1回、操作または測定され、その後の読取り値の解析に使用され得る、1週間に1回、操作または測定され、その後の読取り値の解析に使用され得る、または1ヶ月に1回、操作または測定され、その後の読取り値の解析に使用され得る。較正標準を設定時間内に再度操作または測定する必要があるか否かは、アッセイの条件および状況に依存し、当業者なら自明であろう。しかしながら、本開示により提供するものは、較正曲線での作業の必要がないような一組の較正標準の単独の内部較正標準での置き換えである。従って、このアプローチの利点は少なくとも2倍である:第1に、アッセイの較正を得るのに必要とされるアッセイ操作の回数が少なくなる;第2に、内部較正標準はアッセイ条件の差異に適応して補正し得、これによりアッセイ精度が改善される。
a)被検物結合性捕捉分子を、第1の標識で標識された所定の濃度のトレーサー被検物および第2の標識で標識された所定の濃度の被検物結合性検出分子と接触させること、ここで、被検物結合性捕捉分子と被検物結合性検出分子はトレーサー被検物に同時に結合する;
b)第1の標識の得られたシグナル強度(I 1 0 )および第2の標識(I 2 0 )の得られたシグナル強度を測定すること;ならびに
c)第1の標識の強度(I 1 0 )に対する第2の標識の強度(I 2 0 )の比として補正係数(F)
a)被検物結合性捕捉分子を、第1の標識で標識された所定の濃度のトレーサー被検物および第2の標識で標識された所定の濃度の被検物結合性検出分子と、試験被検物を含んでいるかもしれない1種類以上の試験試料の非存在下または存在下のいずれかで接触させること、ここで、被検物結合性捕捉分子と被検物結合性検出分子はトレーサー被検物に、および存在する場合は前記1種類以上の試験試料中の試験被検物に同時に結合する;
b)前記1種類以上の試験試料の非存在下での第1の標識の得られたシグナル強度(I 1 0 )および第2の標識の得られたシグナル強度(I 2 0 )を測定すること;
c)第1の標識の強度(I 1 0 )に対する第2の標識の強度(I 2 0 )の比として補正係数(F)を求めること;
d)前記1種類以上の試験試料の存在下での第1の標識の得られたシグナル強度(I 1 )および第2の標識の得られたシグナル強度(I 2 )を測定すること;ならびに
e)第1の標識の強度(I 1 )に対する第2の標識の強度(I 2 )の比に、トレーサー被検物の所定の濃度を乗算し、補正係数(F)で除算し、トレーサー被検物の所定の濃度を減算すること;
さまざまな実施形態において、内部較正に使用されるトレーサー被検物は、サンドイッチアッセイにおいて被検物結合性捕捉分子および被検物結合性検出分子と複合体を形成し得る目的の被検物またはこの断片もしくは模倣物である。適宜、タンパク質被検物は天然供給源から精製したものであってもよく、本明細書に記載のような当該技術分野で知られた組換え手段もしくは合成手段によって作製されたものであってもよい。非タンパク質被検物は、当業者に知られた化学的手段および合成手段(生合成手段を含む。)によって作製されたものであり得る。トレーサー被検物は標識と直接または間接的に結合され得る。
本明細書において提供するキットおよび方法は目的の任意の被検物を検出するのに有用である。実例としての目的の被検物としては、限定されないが、例えば、一般的にはタンパク質、ペプチド、ポリペプチド、オリゴヌクレオチドまたはポリヌクレオチド、ならびにより具体的には、例えば、抗体、抗原、ハプテン、ホルモン、薬物、酵素または受容体が挙げられる。適宜、市販の被検物結合性分子(例えば、抗体またはこの抗原反応性断片)を本発明において記載のキットおよびアッセイに使用してもよく、被検物結合性分子(例えば、抗体またはこの抗原反応性断片)を当該技術分野で知られた方法を用いて作製してもよい。一般的に、本明細書に記載のキットおよび方法を用いて検出された被検物はサンドイッチアッセイによって検出され得る。
一般的に、本明細書に記載のキットおよびアッセイでは2種類の被検物結合性分子が使用され、ここで、被検物結合性分子が被検物および/またはトレーサー被検物と複合体をする。被検物および/またはトレーサー被検物との複合体を形成する2つの被検物結合性分子は、被検物に、同じかまたは異なる親和性、例えば約3倍から約5倍、約5倍から約100倍、約5倍から約10倍、約10倍から約25倍、約25倍から約50倍、約50倍から約100倍の親和性で結合し得る。被検物に対する結合の親和性は約3倍、約5倍、約10倍、約25倍、約50倍、約100倍、またはこれ以上の倍数異なる。さまざまな実施形態において、被検物結合性分子のうち一方または両方の標識と直接または間接的に結合させる。さまざまな実施形態において、被検物結合性分子のうち一方または両方が抗体またはこの抗原反応性(即ち、被検物に結合する)断片である。
配列決定されたら、被検物に特異的に結合するポリペプチド、例えばモノクローナル抗体(またはこの断片)が当該技術分野で知られた方法、例えば排他的固相合成、部分固相合成、断片縮合および古典的な液相合成を用いて合成され得る。例えば、Merrifield,J.Am.Chem.Soc.85:2149(1963)を参照のこと。固相では、合成は、典型的にはペプチドのC末端からα−アミノ保護樹脂を用いて開始する。適切な出発物質は、例えば、必要とされるα−アミノ酸をクロロメチル化樹脂、ヒドロキシメチル樹脂またはベンズヒドリルアミン樹脂に結合させることにより調製され得る。かかるクロロメチル化樹脂の一例は、商標名BIO−BEADS SX−1 by Bio Rad Laboratories(Richmond,CA)で販売されており、ヒドロキシメチル樹脂の調製はBodonszky et al.,Chem.Ind.(London)38:1597(1966)に記載されている。ベンズヒドリルアミン(BHA)樹脂はPietta and Marshall,Chem.Comm.650(1970)に報告されており、Beckman Instruments,Inc.(Palo Alto,CA)から塩酸塩の形態で市販されている。自動ペプチド合成装置が市販されており、ペプチドを特注で作製する市販のサービスもある。
被検物(またはこの断片)に特異的に結合するポリペプチド、例えばモノクローナル抗体(またはこの断片)は、当該技術分野で知られた方法を用いて組換え生産することができる。例えば、抗体(またはこの断片)をコードしているヌクレオチド配列を含む単離核酸を宿主細胞内で発現させ得、抗体が単離され得る。単離核酸は、被検物に対する抗体のアミノ酸配列をコードしているヌクレオチド配列を含むものである。単離核酸は、例えばオリゴヌクレオチド合成装置で合成され得る。当業者には、遺伝コードの縮重のため、1種類より多くのヌクレオチド配列に所与のアミノ酸配列がコードされ得ることが容易に認識されよう。これに関して、被検物に対する抗体のものと実質的に同一であるアミノ酸配列をコードしているヌクレオチド配列が使用され得るが、発現させたバリアント抗体は被検物に対する該抗体と競合するものであるものとする。所与の宿主細胞に好まれるコドンが好ましくは組換え生産に選択される。被検物に対する抗体のアミノ酸配列をコードしているヌクレオチド配列を他のヌクレオチド配列と、ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)、ライゲーションまたはライゲーション連鎖反応(LCR)を用いて結合し、抗被検物抗体またはこの抗原反応性断片をコードするようにしてもよい。個々のオリゴヌクレオチドは、典型的には相補的会合のための5’または3’突出端を含むものである。会合したら、抗被検物抗体またはこの抗原反応性断片をコードしているヌクレオチド配列は、ベクター内に挿入され、所与の宿主細胞内での発現に必要な制御配列に作動可能に連結され、(形質転換またはトランスフェクションなどによって)宿主細胞内に導入され得る。ヌクレオチド配列を、宿主細胞内でさらに操作(例えば、さらなる免疫グロブリンドメイン、例えば、さらなる定常領域をコードしている1種類以上のヌクレオチド配列に連結)し、および/または発現させてもよい。
被検物(またはこの断片)に特異的に結合する他の抗体(またはこの断片)は、当該技術分野で知られたさまざまな異なる手法を用いて作製され得る。例えば、ポリクローナル抗体およびモノクローナル抗体は、適切な被検体(例えば限定されないが、ウサギ、ヤギ、マウスまたは他の哺乳動物)を、適切な免疫原を含む免疫原性調製物で免疫処置することにより生成させることができる。免疫原は、これを産生する細胞から親和性クロマトグラフィー、免疫沈降または当該技術分野でよく知られた他の手法を用いて富化/精製し、単離したものであり得る。または、免疫原は、化学合成を使用し、当該技術分野で知られた常套的な手法(例えば限定されないが、合成装置)を用いて調製したものであってもよい。被検体内で生成した抗体は次いで、該抗体が免疫原(またはこの断片)に結合するかどうかを調べるためにスクリーニングされ得る。
また、被検物に結合する抗体の抗原反応性断片も本明細書に記載のとおりに使用され得る。抗体断片はFab、Fab’、Fab’−SH断片、ジスルフィド結合Fv、単鎖Fv(scFv)、F(ab’)2断片などであり得る。抗体断片の作製のための種々の手法が当業者に知られている。例えば、かかる断片は、インタクトな抗体のタンパク質分解的消化によって得られ得るか(例えば、Morimoto et al.,J.Biochem.Biophys.Methods 24:107−117(1992)およびBrennan et al.,Science 229:81(1985)参照)または組換え宿主細胞により直接生成させ得る。例えば、Fab’−SH断片を大腸菌から直接回収し、化学カップリングさせるとF(ab’)2断片が形成され得る(例えば、Carter et al.,Bio/Technology 10:163−167(1992)参照)。別の実施形態では、F(ab’)2は、F(ab’)2分子の会合を促進させるロイシンジッパーGCN4を用いて形成される。または、Fv、FabまたはF(ab’)2断片を組換え宿主細胞倍溶液から直接単離してもよい。単鎖可変領域断片(scFv)は、軽鎖および/または重鎖の可変領域を短鎖連結ペプチドまたは配列の使用によって連結することにより作製される(例えば、Bird et al.,Science 242:423−426(1998)参照)。一本鎖バリアントは組換えまたは合成のいずれかによって作製され得る。scFvの合成による作製では、自動化合成装置が使用され得る。scFvの組換え生産では、scFvをコードしているポリヌクレオチドを含む適切なプラスミドが真核生物系(酵母、植物、昆虫または哺乳動物細胞など)または原核生物系(大腸菌など)のいずれかの適切な宿主細胞に導入され得る。目的のscFvをコードしているポリヌクレオチドは、ポリヌクレオチドのライゲーションなどの常套的な操作によって作製され得る。得られたscFvは、当該技術分野で知られた標準的なタンパク質精製手法を用いて単離され得る。さらに、他の形態の一本鎖抗体、例えばダイアボディもまた本開示によって想定される。ダイアボディは、二価の二重特異性抗体であって、VHおよびVLドメインが単一のポリペプチド鎖上で発現されているが、同じ鎖上で2つのドメイン間の対合形成を可能にするには短すぎるリンカーが使用されており、これにより該ドメインが強制的に別の鎖の相補的なドメインと対合形成され、2つの抗原結合部位が作出されているものである(例えば、Holliger et al.,PNAS USA 90:6444−6448(1993);およびPoljak et al.,Structure 2:1121−1123(1994)参照)。
試験試料を被検物(またはこの断片)についてアッセイするためのキットを本明細書において示す。一般的に、キットは、トレーサー被検物(即ち、本明細書に記載の内部較正標準として使用される。)、一緒に試験試料を目的の被検物についてアッセイするために有用な被検物結合性捕捉分子、および被検物結合性検出分子ならびに試験試料を被検物についてアッセイするための使用説明書を備えている。さまざまな実施形態において、キットは、第1の標識を含むトレーサー被検物、被検物結合性捕捉分子、および第2の標識を含む被検物結合性検出分子を備え、当該被検物結合性捕捉分子と当該被検物結合性検出分子が当該トレーサー被検物および/または試験被検物に同時に結合し得る。
本開示により、試験試料中の被検物(またはこの断片)の存在、量または濃度を調べるための方法を提供する。当該技術分野で知られているような任意の適切なアッセイがこの方法に使用され得る。例としては、限定されないが、例えば、サンドイッチアッセイ(例えば、放射性同位体検出(ラジオイムノアッセイ(RIA)など)および酵素検出(酵素アッセイ(EIA)または酵素結合イムノソルベントアッセイ(ELISA)(例えば、Quantikine ELISAアッセイ,R&D Systems,Minneapolis,MN))、均一系化学発光アッセイなどのアッセイが挙げられる。SELDI系アッセイでは、被検物に特異的に結合する捕捉試薬(例えば、1種類以上の被検物結合性分子を質量分析プローブ、例えば予備活性化タンパク質チップアレイの表面に結合させる。化学発光微粒子アッセイ、特に、ARCHITECT(R)自動解析装置(Abbott Laboratories,Abbott Park,IL)を使用するものは、有用なアッセイの一例である。有用なアッセイの別の例は、Abbott Point of Care機器(i−STAT(R),Abbott Laboratories)で行われるものである。有用なアッセイのさらに別の例は、適切な固相支持体(例えば、マイクロタイタープレート)で、例えば蛍光顕微鏡を用いて行われるものである。
本明細書に記載の概念、キットおよび方法は、任意のシステムまたは機器、例えば任意の手動、自動化または半自動化システムにおいて実行され得る。以下の適合例は単なる例示として含めている。本明細書に記載のアッセイによって試験試料中の被検物の濃度を求めるキット(またはこの構成要素)ならびに方法は、さまざまな自動化および半自動化システム(例えば、固相支持体が電極または微粒子を含むもの)における使用のために適合させ得る。実例としての自動化および半自動化システムは、例えば、米国特許第5,089,424号明細書および同第5,006,309号明細書に記載されており、例えばAbbott Laboratories(Abbott Park,IL)によってARCHITECT(R)として市販されている。
好中球ゼラチナーゼ関連リポカリン(NGAL)の滴定
この実施例では、単独のトレーサー被検物を内部較正標準として使用することの機能性および有用性を、代表的な被検物NGALを用いて示す。
NGALアッセイ
この実施例では、ARCHITECT(R)NGALアッセイおよび較正標準キット(Abbott Laboratories,Abbott Park,IL)を使用して行ったNGALアッセイを示す。NGALトレーサー被検物(NGAL−Cy3)および抗体コンジュゲート(mAb903−Cy5)を別々に調製し、キットの構成要素(例えば、NGAL微粒子およびNGAL較正標準)とともに使用した。
2.5分間インキュベートする。
3.2μLのNGAL 0.1%微粒子を添加する。
4.5分間インキュベートする。
5.HBS−EPバッファー(GE Healthcare,Inc.,カタログ番号BR−1001−88;10mM HEPES(4−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)−1−ピペラジンエタンスルホン酸),150mM NaCl,3mM EDTAおよび0.005%Tween−20)で2回洗浄する。
Claims (23)
- アッセイの内部較正方法であって、
a)被検物結合性捕捉分子を、第1の標識で標識された所定の濃度のトレーサー被検物および第2の標識で標識された所定の濃度の被検物結合性検出分子と接触させる工程、ここで、当該被検物結合性捕捉分子と当該被検物結合性検出分子は当該トレーサー被検物に同時に結合する;
b)得られた当該第1の標識のシグナル強度(I 1 0 )および得られた当該第2の標識のシグナル強度(I 2 0 )を測定する工程;
c)当該第1の標識の強度(I 1 0 )に対する当該第2の標識の強度(I 2 0 )の比として補正係数(F)を求める工程であって;当該補正係数を求めることによりアッセイの内部較正が可能である、
を含む、前記方法。 - 1種類以上の試験試料中の被検物の濃度を求める方法であって、
a)被検物結合性捕捉分子を、第1の標識で標識された所定の濃度のトレーサー被検物および第2の標識で標識された所定の濃度の被検物結合性検出分子と、試験被検物を含んでいるかもしれない1種類以上の試験試料の非存在下または存在下のいずれかで接触させる工程、ここで、当該被検物結合性捕捉分子と当該被検物結合性検出分子は当該トレーサー被検物に、および存在する場合は前記1種類以上の試験試料中の試験被検物に同時に結合する;
b)前記1種類以上の試験試料の非存在下で得られた当該第1の標識のシグナル強度(I 1 0 )および当該第2の標識のシグナル強度(I 2 0 )を測定する工程;
c)当該第1の標識の強度(I 1 0 )に対する当該第2の標識の強度(I 2 0 )の比として補正係数(F)を求める工程;
d)前記1種類以上の試験試料の存在下で得られた当該第1の標識のシグナル強度(I 1 )および当該第2の標識のシグナル強度(I 2 )を測定する工程;ならびに
e)当該第1の標識の強度(I 1 )に対する当該第2の標識の強度(I 2 )の比に、トレーサー被検物の当該所定の濃度を乗算し、当該補正係数(F)で除算し、トレーサー被検物の当該所定の濃度を減算することにより、前記1種類以上の試験試料中の試験被検物の濃度を求める工程
を含む、前記方法。 - トレーサー被検物の当該所定の濃度が、当該被検物結合性捕捉分子の結合能の飽和未満である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- トレーサー被検物の当該所定の濃度が、予測される試験被検物の濃度より低い濃度から予測される目標試験被検物の濃度より約5倍高い濃度の範囲である、請求項2または3に記載の方法。
- 2ステップアッセイ形式が使用される、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 2ステップアッセイ形式が使用される場合、被検物結合性検出分子の当該所定の濃度が、最初の工程で捕捉される被検物およびトレーサー被検物の濃度以上である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 1ステップアッセイ形式が使用される、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 1ステップアッセイ形式が使用される場合、被検物結合性検出分子の当該所定の濃度が、被検物およびトレーサー被検物の濃度より高い、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 自動化または半自動化システムを用いて行われる、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 当該被検物結合性捕捉分子が固相支持体に結合されている、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 当該固相支持体が、粒子、微粒子、ビーズ、電極およびマルチウェルプレートからなる群より選択される、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 当該被検物結合性捕捉分子および/または当該被検物結合性検出分子のうち一方または両方が、抗体またはこの断片である、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 当該第1の標識が第1の発色団であり、当該第2の標識が第2の発色団である、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 当該第1の標識が第1のフルオロフォアであり、当該第2の標識が第2のフルオロフォアである、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 工程b)と工程d)が同時に、または任意の順序で行われ得る、請求項2から14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程d)と工程e)が1回以上反復される、請求項2から15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程a)から工程c)が1回しか行われない、請求項2から16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1から17のいずれか一項に記載の方法に使用するためのキットであって、
第1の標識を含むトレーサー被検物、被検物結合性捕捉分子、および第2の標識を含む被検物結合性検出分子を備え、
当該被検物結合性捕捉分子と当該被検物結合性検出分子は、当該トレーサー被検物と同時に結合し得、
当該第1の標識と第2の標識が異なる、キット。 - 当該被検物結合性捕捉分子が、固相支持体に結合されている、請求項18に記載のキット。
- 当該固相支持体が、粒子、微粒子、ビーズ、電極およびマルチウェルプレートからなる群より選択される、請求項19に記載のキット。
- 当該被検物結合性捕捉分子および/または当該被検物結合性検出分子のうち一方または両方が、抗体またはこの断片である、請求項18から20のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 当該第1の標識および当該第2の標識の一方または両方が発色団である、請求項18から21のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- 当該第1の標識および当該第2の標識の一方または両方がフルオロフォアである、請求項22に記載のキット。
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