JP6166393B2 - チオ硫酸ナトリウムを含有する薬学的組成物 - Google Patents
チオ硫酸ナトリウムを含有する薬学的組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6166393B2 JP6166393B2 JP2016006438A JP2016006438A JP6166393B2 JP 6166393 B2 JP6166393 B2 JP 6166393B2 JP 2016006438 A JP2016006438 A JP 2016006438A JP 2016006438 A JP2016006438 A JP 2016006438A JP 6166393 B2 JP6166393 B2 JP 6166393B2
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- sodium thiosulfate
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- pharmaceutical composition
- sodium
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- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims description 182
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 178
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 title claims description 87
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 83
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- PODWXQQNRWNDGD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([S-])(=O)=O PODWXQQNRWNDGD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 59
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013095 identification testing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000000282 nail Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 206010017533 Fungal infection Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007951 isotonicity adjuster Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000029039 cyanide poisoning Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002158 endotoxin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004904 fingernail bed Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000027601 Inner ear disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 231100000268 induced nephrotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- 208000005374 Poisoning Diseases 0.000 claims 3
- 238000010253 intravenous injection Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 claims 3
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurothioic S-acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=S DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 94
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 87
- -1 3rd Edition Substances 0.000 description 54
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 45
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 35
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 33
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 29
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 28
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 18
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 18
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 17
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 16
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 15
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 14
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 14
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- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 13
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 13
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 11
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 11
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 11
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 10
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 10
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/64—Thiosulfates; Dithionites; Polythionates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
- A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
- A61K31/404—Indoles, e.g. pindolol
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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Description
本発明は、薬学的に受容可能なチオ硫酸ナトリウム(例えばチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物)およびその薬学的に受容可能な組成物を提供する。本発明はまた、チオ硫酸ナトリウムを含有するサンプル中の、除去し得ない全有機炭素を測定するための方法を提供する。本発明はさらに、薬学的に受容可能なチオ硫酸ナトリウムを製造するための方法を提供する。本発明はなおさらに、薬学的に受容可能なチオ硫酸ナトリウムを投与する工程を包含する治療方法を提供する。
チオ硫酸ナトリウムは、溶液から塩素を除去すること、紙パルプを漂白すること、および鉱石から銀を抽出することのような用途を含む、多数の工業的適用を有している。チオ硫酸ナトリウムはまた、写真の固定液、遷移の着色およびプリントにおける媒染剤、ならびに医薬の成分として使用される。数千メートルトンのチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物が毎年生産されているといえ、数百キログラムのみが、青酸中毒の治療として最近示されているチオ硫酸ナトリウム注射物の生産のため、あるいは癜風の治療のためのチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物を含むローションの生産に薬学的に利用されている。チオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物がカルシフィラキシーの治療に効果的であることがこれまでに報告されている(Ackermann et al., Archives of Dermatology 2007, 143(10): 1336-1337)。また、白金含有化学療法剤の使用と関連する、白金誘導性の中毒性内耳障害および腎毒性を防ぐための治療に有効であることが報告されている(Skinner, Current Opinions in Oncology 1995, 7(4): 310-315)。
本発明は、除去し得ない有機炭素(NPOC)(揮発しない有機炭素としても知られている。)を約10ppm以下含んでいるチオ硫酸ナトリウムを提供する。本発明はまた、炭酸塩を約0.01重量%以下含んでいるチオ硫酸ナトリウムを提供する。本発明はまた、水銀を約0.05ppm以下含んでいるチオ硫酸ナトリウムを提供する。本発明はまた、セレンを約0.003重量%以下含んでいるチオ硫酸ナトリウムを提供する。本発明はまた、アルミニウムを約2ppm以下含んでいるチオ硫酸ナトリウムを提供する。本発明はさらに、除去し得ない有機炭素を約10ppm以下含み、炭酸塩を約0.01重量%以下含み、水銀を約0.05ppm以下含み、セレンを約0.003重量%以下含み、アルミニウムを約2ppm以下含んでいる、チオ硫酸ナトリウムを提供する。
本明細書中の開示を容易に理解するために、多くの用語を以下に定義付ける。
本発明は、精製形態のチオ硫酸ナトリウム(例えば、チオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物(Na2S2O3・5H2O))を提供する。一実施形態において、本発明は、薬学的等級のチオ硫酸ナトリウムを提供する。別の実施形態において、本発明は、チオ硫酸ナトリウムを医薬用途に使用するためのFDA基準の全てのうちの1つ以上を満たすかまたは超える形態のチオ硫酸ナトリウムを提供する。別の実施形態において、本発明は、米国連邦規制基準21(CFR211)に詳述されているような良好な製造プラクティス(GMP)に従って製造される形態のチオ硫酸ナトリウムを提供する。
USP比色分析法に従って決定した無水ベースで約99重量%以上、約100.5重量%以下のチオ硫酸ナトリウムを含んでいる;
イオンクロマトグラフィ法に従って決定した無水ベースで約98重量%以上、約102重量%以下のチオ硫酸ナトリウムを含んでいる;
10%溶液にて25℃で約6〜約8のpHを有している;
約32重量%〜約37重量%の含水量を有している;
外観が無色の結晶である;
10%溶液として透明かつ無色の外観を有している;
無臭である;
ナトリウムについて同定試験が陽性である;
チオ硫酸塩について同定試験が陽性である;
シュウ酸アンモニウムTSと混合した際に濁りを生じない;
重金属の含有量が約10ppm以下である;
約0.01重量%以下の炭酸塩を含んでいる;
約0.005重量%以下の不溶物を含んでいる;
約200ppm以下の塩化物を含んでいる;
約0.001重量%以下の硫化物を含んでいる;
約0.05重量%以下、または約0.1重量%以下の亜硫酸塩を含んでいる;
約0.05重量%以下、約0.1重量%以下、約0.25重量%以下、または約0.5重量%以下の硫酸塩を含んでいる;
約0.002重量%以下の鉄を含んでいる;
約0.01重量%以下のカルシウムを含んでいる;
約0.005重量%以下のカリウムを含んでいる;
約10ppm以下、約100ppm以下、約500ppm以下、約1000ppm以下、または約5000ppm以下の、揮発性有機不純物を含んでいる;
60ppb以下、約2.5ppm以下、約8ppm以下、約10ppm以下、約20ppm以下、約25ppm以下、または約50ppm以下の総NPOCを含んでいる;
約0.05ppm以下の水銀を含んでいる;
約2ppm以下のアルミニウムを含んでいる;
約3ppm以下の砒素を含んでいる;
0.001重量%以下の鉛を含んでいる;
約0.002重量%以下の窒素化合物(例えばN)を含んでいる;
約0.003重量%以下のセレンを含んでいる;
0.01重量%以下の固化防止剤の残余を含んでいる;
微生物負荷の総好気性微生物数が約100CFU/g以下である;
酵母およびカビの総数が約20CFU/g以下である;および
約0.02EU/mg以下、約0.1EU/mg以下、約0.25EU/mg以下の細菌性内毒素を含んでいる。
USP比色分析法に従って決定した無水ベースで約99重量%以上、約100.5重量%以下のチオ硫酸ナトリウムを含んでいる;
イオンクロマトグラフィ法に従って決定した無水ベースで約98重量%以上、約102重量%以下のチオ硫酸ナトリウムを含んでいる;
10%溶液にて25℃で約6〜約8のpHを有している;
約32重量%〜約37重量%の含水量を有している;
外観が無色の結晶である;
10%溶液として透明かつ無色の外観を有している;
無臭である;
ナトリウムについて同定試験が陽性である;
チオ硫酸塩について同定試験が陽性である;
シュウ酸アンモニウムTSと混合した際に濁りを生じない;
重金属の含有量が約10ppm以下である;
約0.01重量%以下の炭酸塩を含んでいる;
約0.005重量%以下の不溶物を含んでいる;
約200ppm以下の塩化物を含んでいる;
約0.001重量%以下の硫化物を含んでいる;
約0.05重量%以下、または約0.1重量%以下の亜硫酸塩を含んでいる;
約0.05重量%以下、約0.1重量%以下、約0.25重量%以下、または約0.5重量%以下の硫酸塩を含んでいる;
約0.002重量%以下の鉄を含んでいる;
約0.01重量%以下のカルシウムを含んでいる;
約0.005重量%以下のカリウムを含んでいる;
約10ppm以下、約100ppm以下、約500ppm以下、約1000ppm以下、または約5000ppm以下の、揮発性有機不純物を含んでいる;
60ppb以下、約2.5ppm以下、約8ppm以下、約10ppm以下、約20ppm以下、約25ppm以下、または約50ppm以下の総NPOCを含んでいる;
約0.05ppm以下の水銀を含んでいる;
約2ppm以下のアルミニウムを含んでいる;
約3ppm以下の砒素を含んでいる;
0.001重量%以下の鉛を含んでいる;
約0.002重量%以下の窒素化合物(例えばN)を含んでいる;
約0.003重量%以下のセレンを含んでいる;
微生物負荷の総好気性微生物数が約100CFU/g以下である;
酵母およびカビの総数が約20CFU/g以下である;および
約0.02EU/mg以下、約0.1EU/mg以下、約0.25EU/mg以下の細菌性内毒素を含んでいる。
一実施形態において、本発明は、チオ硫酸ナトリウムを調製する方法を提供する。この方法は、(a)反応混合物を得るために亜硫化ナトリウムを硫黄と接触させる工程;(b)溶液を得るために上記反応混合物を濾過する工程;(c)上記溶液を濃縮する工程;(d)上記溶液を、活性化された炭素に曝露する工程;(e)上記溶液を、活性化された炭素とともに濾過する工程;および(f)上記溶液からチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物を結晶化する工程を包含する。
一実施形態において、溶媒は水である。
本発明は、チオ硫酸ナトリウムを含有するサンプル中の、除去し得ない全有機炭素を測定するための方法を提供する。この方法は、(a)水性サンプル溶液を形成するために、上記サンプルを、無機酸を含有する所定量の水性溶液と接触させる工程;(b)この水性サンプル溶液から沈殿を除去する工程;(c)上記サンプル溶液を所定量の酸化剤と接触させる工程;および(d)超臨界水酸化(SCWO)条件下にて上記サンプル溶液中の有機炭素を二酸化炭素に変換する工程を包含する。一実施形態において、上記無機酸の最終容量は上記サンプル溶液の最終容量の約2%以上であり、あるいは上記酸化剤の最終容量は上記サンプル溶液の最終容量の約20%以上である。
ここでは、薬学的組成物は、有効成分としてチオ硫酸ナトリウムを単独で、又は薬学的に受容可能な媒体、キャリア、希釈剤、賦形剤、又はそれらの混合物とともに含む。
上記薬学的組成物は、経口投与用として固体、半固体、又は液体剤型で提供され得る。使用において、経口投与は、口内、舌、舌下に投与され得る。好ましい経口投与の剤型は、限定されないが、タブレット、カプセル、ピル、トローチ、甘味入り錠剤(lozenges)、芳香製剤(pastilles)、カシェ剤(cachets)、ペレット、薬用チューインガム、顆粒、原末(bulk powders)、発泡性又は非発泡性の粉末あるいは顆粒、溶液、乳液、懸濁液、溶液、ウェハー、スプリンクルズ(sprinkles)、エリキシル剤(elixirs)、及びシロップ剤を含む。上記有効成分に加えて、上記薬学的組成物は、限定されないが、結合剤、フィラー、希釈剤、崩壊剤、湿潤剤、潤滑剤、滑り剤(glidants)、着色剤、色素移染阻害剤(dye-migration inhibitors)、甘味剤、及び香味添加量を含む、1以上の薬学的に受容可能なキャリア又は賦形剤を含み得る。
上記薬学的組成物は、局所又は全身性投与のための注射、点滴、又はインプランテーション(implantation)として投与し得る。非経口的投与は、静脈、動脈、腹腔内、鞘内(intrathecal)、心室内(intraventricular)、子宮内、胸骨内(intrasternal)、頭蓋内、筋肉内、滑液嚢内(intrasynovial)、膀胱内、及び皮下へ投与することを含む。
上記薬学的組成物は、皮膚、口(orifices)、粘膜への局所的な投与を行い得る。上記局所投与は、皮膚(内)、結膜内、歯冠内、眼内、目、耳、経皮的、鼻、膣、尿道、呼吸器、及び直腸への投与を含み得る。
上記薬学的組成物は、改質された放出の剤型とし得る。ここで、「改質された放出(modified release)」とは、有効成分の放出の速度(rate)又は場所が、同一ルートで投与された即効放出のための剤型(immediate dosage form)と異なる剤型のことである。改質された放出の剤型は、遅効性、持続性(extended-, prolonged-, sustained-)、パルス状、制御された、加速された及び速攻性の、標的化された、プログラムされた放出、及び胃内部に保持される剤型を含む。改質された放出のための剤型における上記薬学的組成物は、当業者に知られた種々のデバイスや方法を利用でき、例えば、限定されないが、マトリックス徐放性デバイス、浸透圧徐放性デバイス、複数微粒子徐放性デバイス(multiparticulate controlled release devices)、イオン交換樹脂、腸溶コーティング、多層コーティング、マイクロスフェア、リポソーム、及びこれらの組合せを挙げることができる。有効成分の放出速度は、粒子サイズや有効成分の多型を変更することで、改質できる。
改質された放出の剤型における上記薬学的組成物は、当業者に知られた技術のマトリックス徐放性デバイスを用いて製造し得る(Takada et al in "Encyclopedia of Controlled Drug Delivery," Vol. 2, Mathiowitz Ed., Wiley, 1999参照)。
改質された放出のための剤型における上記薬学的組成物は、浸透圧徐放性デバイスを用いて製造し得る。例えば、一成分系、二成分系、非対称性膜技術(AMT)、及び押出コアシステム(extruding core system;ECS)により製造し得る。一般的に、上記デバイスは、少なくとも2つの成分を含む:(a)有効成分を含むコア;及び(b)少なくとも1つの放出口を有する半透膜であって、コアを包むもの。上記半透膜は、周囲の水性環境からコアへの水の流入を制御し、放出口を通じての放出による薬剤の放出を行う。
改質された放出の剤型における上記薬学的組成物は、多粒子徐放性デバイスとして形成し得る。上記多粒子徐放性デバイスは、直径約10μm〜約3mm、約50μm〜約2.5mm、又は約100μm〜約1mm多数の粒子、顆粒、又はペレットを含む。上記多粒子は、当業者に知られた方法、例えば、湿式又は乾式造粒法、押出/球面化(extrusion/spheronization)、ローラー圧縮法、溶融凝結法(melt-congealing)、及びコア種へのスプレーコーティング法によって得られる(例えば、Multiparticulate Oral Drug Delivery; Marcel Dekker: 1994; and Pharmaceutical Pelletization Technology; Marcel Dekker: 1989.参照)。
上記薬学的組成物は、また特定の組織、受容体、又は処置すべき他の身体の部位へ標的化されるよう形成し得、リポソーム−、再封された赤血球−、及び抗体に基づくデリバリーシステムを含み得る。例えば、限定されないが、米国特許6,316,652; 6,274,552; 6,271,359; 6,253,872; 6,139,865; 6,131,570; 6,120,751; 6,071,495; 6,060,082; 6,048,736; 6,039,975; 6,004,534; 5,985,307; 5,972,366; 5,900,252; 5,840,674; 5,759,542; 及び5,709,874参照できる。
一つの態様において、診断された又は推測されたシアン化物中毒を処置する方法は、シアン化物中毒あるいはそのリスクをもつ患者へ、治療効果がある量のチオ硫酸ナトリウムを投与する工程を含むものである。ある態様では、対象は哺乳類であり、他の態様では対象はヒトである。
チオ硫酸ナトリウムは、組み合わせて、又は疾患及び障害の治療及び/又は予防に有用な他の治療薬と組み合わせて使用できる。
本明細書において用いられる場合、本明細書での工程にて用いられる記号および慣用法、概略および実施例は、特定の略語が特別に規定されるかどうかに関わらず、例えば、the Journal of the American Chemical SocietyまたはThe Journal of Biological Chemistryのような、同時期の科学文献に用いられているものと一致している。特に、限定はされないが、下記の略語が実施例中および本明細書を通じて用いられ得る:g(グラム)、mg(ミリグラム、mL(ミリリットル)、μL(マイクロリットル);mM(ミリモル);μM(マイクロモル);mmol(ミリモル);eq.(平衡);hrまたはhrs(時間);min(分)。
窒素下では、57キログラムの硫黄および脱イオン水(799.1キログラム)がオリコンロスコンビネーション(Oricon Ross combination) pH電極を用いて不活性化された500ガロン反応器装置に充填された。スラリーは攪拌され、161.4キログラムの亜硝酸ナトリウムが反応器に充填された。反応器は4時間の間95〜100℃の間で加熱された。4時間後の反応器内のスラリーのpHは7.3であった。反応器は20+/−5℃に冷却された。冷却されたスラリーのpHは6.6であった。300グラムの水酸化ナトリウム50重量%溶液は反応器内のスラリーのpHを7.4に上げるために反応器内容物に添加された。反応器の内容物はエステラ(Estella)濾紙を通して濾過された。結果として得られた濾過物は特定の引力1.40で50〜100℃の真空下で滅菌された。50+/−5℃の溶液の温度を維持しながら、300gの活性炭が溶液に添加された。溶液は1時間および3分間の間攪拌され、続いて袋状濾紙により濾過され、活性炭を除去された。濾過された溶液は20+/−5℃に冷却され、15グラムのチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物の結晶が溶液に添加された。溶液は次いで5+/−5度に冷却され、15時間および2分間の間攪拌された。固体および液体両方からなる反応器内の内容物は、不活性環境下においてオーロラろ紙を用いて濾過された。母源の水溶液は反応器の壁から固体を洗い流すために用いられた。固体は乾燥した皿上に載せられ、35℃で8時間の間、窒素流を用いた完全真空下の乾燥器内に静置された。乾燥は8時間後、工程中の試験において物質の水分含量(乾燥による消失)が34.0から36.8%の間になっていることが確認されるまで続いた。乾燥された固体は最終重量が112.5キログラムであった。(収率36%)。
全ての除去し得ない有機炭素(NPOC)はInnovOx研究用TOC解析装置(GE Analytical Instruments社、Boulder株式会社)を用いて決定された。標準液として水が用いられ、試薬および調製サンプルは全ての有機炭素(TOC)は0.10ppm以下であった。リン酸はACS試薬等級であった。過硫酸ナトリウムはGeneral Electric社(GE Part # APK68050−01、フェアフィールド、コネチカット)より入手した。スクロースUSPは標準試料として用いられた。圧縮された窒素は1ppm以下のCO2および1ppm以下のTMCを有している。
LOQ=(10)(A)(B)/(C−D)
およびiv)検出限界(LOD)は下記のように計算された、1ppm以下でなければならない:
LOD=(3)(A)(B)/(C−D)
ここで:
Aは0.5ppmTOC標準液中の炭素濃度であって;
Bはブランク調製物において決定されるTOC濃度の標準偏差であって;
Cは0.5ppmTOC標準液において決定されるTOC濃度の平均であって;さらに
Dはブランク調製物において決定される平均のTOC濃度である。
%T=100xA/B;
ここで:
Aは解析装置により決定された結果(ppm)であって;さらに
Bは2ppmTOC標準(ppm)であって;
iii)LOQの、またはLOQ以上〜5倍のLOQのサンプル反応をした全てのサンプルに対し、RSDは25%以下でなければならず;または5倍のLOQ以上のサンプルの反応であった全てのサンプルに対しRSDは15%以下でなければならない。
NPOC=AxB/C;
ここで:
Aは解析装置により決定された結果(ppm)であって;
Bはサンプルの希釈体積(mL)であって;さらに、
Cはサンプルの質量(g)であった。
この手順はチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物薬剤物質および薬剤生成物サンプル中の不純硫化物の検出のための湿式化学試験条件の手順を記載している。硫化不純物は、サンプル中に存在する場合、灰色の沈殿を生じる硫化鉛(II)として検出される。方法検出限界は、溶液中の250mg/mLのチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物の薬剤生成物濃度、および試験に1mLの薬剤生成物の使用に基づいて10ppmまたは10μg/gの硫化物に設定されている。
NaOH(0.01N)試薬は、約4.0gの水酸化ナトリウム(ACS試薬等級)を1,000mLの脱イオン水に溶解することにより調製された。溶液はさらに、0.01Nの水酸化ナトリウム溶液を得るために、10mLから100mLに体積測定的に希釈された。または、市販の0.01N水酸化ナトリウムも使用されてもよい。
特異性に対する要求性は、i)ブランクの薬瓶は明らかに透明および無色でなければならず;ii)標準液の薬瓶はブランクとは明らかに異なる暗灰色または沈殿を有していなければならず;iii)硫酸塩、亜硫酸塩、塩化物を含む特異性溶液は標準液の薬瓶よりも明るい灰色でなければならず、白色の沈殿が予想され、;iv)硫酸塩、亜硫酸塩、塩化物を含む特異性溶液の硫化物−添加物は相当する非添加溶液よりも暗い灰色を有していなければならない。手順に記載の全ての要求性が満たされた。
表6および表7に示されているように、ブランク(水)中または薬剤生成物サンプル(チオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物)中の硫化物の存在は、4ppm以上の黄褐色の検出により測定された。手順によると、チオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物の薬剤サンプル生成物中の硫化物の検出限界は4ppmであると測定された。
薬剤生成物中のチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物の濃度は、50μS〜15分間の検出範囲において1.5mL/minで脱イオン水中に13.5mMの炭酸ナトリウム(ACS試薬等級)および1.5mMの重炭酸ナトリウム(ACS試薬等級)を用いて溶出される、Dionex IonPac AS12A解析カラム(P/N 046034、Dionex株式会社、サニーベール、CA)における電気化学的抵抗性検出によるイオンクロマトグラフィーを用いて測定された。イオン交換カラムは100mAの抑圧電圧を用いて室温で泳動された。
全てのガラス器具を少なくとも3回脱イオン水で完全に洗浄した。重量測定に用いられるガラス器具は乾燥機で乾燥され得、極端な場合にはガラス器具を有機物で汚染しないように扱われる。希釈のみに用いるガラス器具は、およそ1〜2mLの濃リン酸を4,000mLの脱イオン水に添加することにより調製された酸化剤水溶液で少なくとも3回事前洗浄され、次いで脱イオン水を用いて使用直前に完全に洗浄された。重量測定時は、潜在的な汚染を減らすために、金属のへらの代わりに滅菌したプラスチックのへらが用いられた。
微量の炭酸塩の濃度は1,000mg/Lであり、200mg/Lの炭素濃度と同等である。1連の炭酸塩の校正標準液は100、200、400、800、および1,000μLの炭酸ナトリウムストック溶液を別々の200mLメスフラスコにピペッティングし、次いで、室温で体積を200mLとするように脱イオン水を添加することにより調製された。微量濃度はそれぞれ0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、および5.0mg/mLの炭酸塩であった。全ての炭酸塩溶液が確実に堅く密閉され、過剰な熱から離れた冷所に貯蔵されるように注意が払われた。
実施例の薬学的な等級のチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物を含む注入、溶液が表8に記載されている。
Claims (22)
- 以下の特徴を有する薬学的等級のチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物:
10ppm以下の、除去し得ない有機炭素を含んでいる;
0.05ppm以下の水銀を含んでいる;
2ppm以下のアルミニウムを含んでいる;
0.003重量%以下のセレンを含んでいる(但し、0.003重量%のセレンを含んでいる場合を除く);
イオンクロマトグラフィによって測定した無水ベースで98重量%以上、102重量%以下のチオ硫酸ナトリウムを含んでいる;
32重量%〜37重量%の含水量を有している;
200ppm以下の塩化物を含んでいる;
0.001重量%以下の硫化物を含んでいる;
0.002重量%以下の鉄を含んでいる;
0.01重量%以下のカルシウムを含んでいる;
0.005重量%以下のカリウムを含んでいる;
0.1%以下の亜硫酸塩を含んでいる;
0.5%以下の硫酸塩を含んでいる;
3ppm以下の砒素を含んでいる;
0.001重量%以下の鉛を含んでいる;
微生物負荷の総好気性微生物数が100CFU/g以下である;
酵母およびカビの総数が20CFU/g以下である;
0.02EU/mg以下の細菌性内毒素を含んでいる;
0.002重量%以下の窒素化合物を含んでいる;
0.005重量%以下の不溶物を含んでいる;
0.01重量%以下の固化防止剤の残余を含んでいる;
ICH Q3C(R3)の制限値以下の揮発性有機不純物を含んでいる;
25℃での10%水溶液が無色でありかつpH6.0〜8.0である;
無臭の結晶である。 - 0.01重量%以下の炭酸塩を含んでいる、請求項1に記載の薬学的等級のチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物。
- 10ppm以下の重金属含量を有している、請求項1に記載の薬学的等級のチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物。
- ナトリウムの同定試験が陽性である、請求項1に記載の薬学的等級のチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物。
- チオ硫酸塩の同定試験が陽性である、請求項1に記載の薬学的等級のチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物。
- 請求項1に記載の薬学的等級のチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物、および、1つ以上の、薬学的に受容可能なキャリアまたは賦形剤を含んでいる、薬学的組成物。
- 上記薬学的等級のチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物が0.01重量%以下の炭酸塩を含んでいる、請求項6に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 上記薬学的等級のチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物が10ppm以下の重金属含量を有している、請求項6に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 上記薬学的等級のチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物はナトリウムの同定試験が陽性である、請求項6に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 上記薬学的等級のチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物はチオ硫酸塩の同定試験が陽性である、請求項6に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 経口投与、非経口投与、吸入、経鼻投与、膀胱内投与、経膣投与、直腸内投与、舌下投与、眼内投与または局所投与のために処方されている、請求項6に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 単回投薬形態に処方されている、請求項11に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤が水である、請求項6に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 等張剤および1つ以上のpH調整剤をさらに含んでいる、請求項6に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 請求項14に記載の薬学的組成物であって、
滅菌されかつ静脈内投与に適しており、
前記等張剤が4.40mg/mLの塩化カリウムであり、前記pH調整剤が2.80mg/mLのホウ酸および水酸化ナトリウムであり、
前記チオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物が250.0mg/mLである、薬学的組成物。 - 治療学的に有効量の、請求項1に記載の薬学的等級のチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物を含んでいる、白金誘導性の中毒性内耳障害、あるいは白金誘導性の腎毒性、あるいは青酸中毒、あるいは皮膚、爪床または爪の真菌感染を治療するための組成物。
- 青酸中毒を治療するための、請求項16に記載の組成物。
- 青酸中毒を治療するためのキットであって、
(1)請求項1に記載のチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物を含む、治療的有効量の滅菌水溶液;および
(2)亜硝酸ナトリウムを含む、治療的有効量の滅菌水溶液
を備えており、
水溶液(1)および水溶液(2)が、青酸中毒を有する被験体への静脈内投与に使用される、キット。 - 250.0mg/mLの請求項1に記載のチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物、4.40mg/mLの塩化カリウム、および2.80mg/mLのホウ酸を含んでいる、静脈注射に適した滅菌水溶液。
- 静脈注射に適したpHを達成するためにさらなるホウ酸および水酸化ナトリウムをさらに含んでいる、請求項19に記載の滅菌水溶液。
- 12.5gのチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物、220mgの塩化カリウム、および140mgのホウ酸を含んでいる、請求項19に記載の滅菌水溶液。
- 請求項1に記載のチオ硫酸ナトリウム五水和物、ホウ酸、塩化カリウム、水酸化ナトリウムおよび水を組み合わせることによって調製される、静脈注射のための滅菌水溶液。
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