JP6163539B2 - バイオマスからパラ−キシレンを調製する方法 - Google Patents
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Description
本出願は、2012年4月20日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/636,326号の利益を請求するものであり、この仮特許出願は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に援用される。
本発明は、一般的に、少なくとも1つのバイオマス供給源からバイオ−パラ−キシレン(p−キシレン)を調製する方法、ならびにバイオ−テレフタル酸およびバイオ−ポリ(エチレンテレフタレート)(PET)を提供するために、本発明に従って製造されたバイオ−パラ−キシレンをさらに加工するための方法に関する。バイオマス供給源は、グルコースが得られ得る多種多様なデンプン含有、糖含有またはセルロース含有バイオマス供給源のうちの任意のものであり得る。
バイオ−エチレンは、バイオ−(2E,4E)−ヘキサ−2,4−ジエンとのディールス−アルダー付加環化においてジエンとして作用する。バイオ−エタノールは、下記のスキームに従って、脱水されてバイオ−エチレンを形成し得る。
バイオ−ヘキサ−2,4−ジエンは、バイオ−エチレンとのディールス−アルダー付加環化においてジエノフィルとして作用する。バイオ−エタノールは、下記のスキームに従って、バイオ−ヘキサ−2,4−ジエンに転化され得る。
バイオ−ブタ−1,3−ジエン(ジエン)およびバイオ−2−ブテン(ジエノフィル)は、以下のスキームに従って、適切なディールス−アルダー付加環化条件下で反応させられて、[4+2]環状付加物であるバイオ−4,5−ジメチルシクロヘキサ−1−エンを生成する。
ディールス−アルダー環状付加物(バイオ−4,5−ジメチルシクロヘキサ−1−エンおよびバイオ−3,6−ジメチルシクロヘキサ−1−エン)は、以下のスキームに従って、脱水素環化/芳香族化されてバイオ−キシレンを提供し得る。
一部の実施形態において、バイオ−3,6−ジメチルシクロヘキサ−1−エンの脱水素環化によって生成されたバイオ−p−キシレンは、バイオ−テレフタル酸の生成(後述される)のために直接使用される。しかしながら、バイオ−4,5−ジメチルシクロヘキサ−1−エンの脱水素環化によって生成されたバイオ−o−キシレンは、以下のスキームに従って、バイオ−テレフタル酸形成前にバイオ−p−キシレン異性体に異性化されるべきである。
本発明の方法に従って形成されたバイオ−PETポリマーは、バイオ−PET樹脂を形成するために使用され得、次いで、これは、バイオ−PETプレフォーム(perform)またはバイオ−PET包装材料に形成され得る。包装材料という用語は、本明細書で使用される場合、包装材料の物品のあらゆる構成要素(クロージャー、ラベルおよび二次包装材料を含む)をいう。1つの実施形態において、バイオ−PET包装材料は、食品もしくは飲料容器もしくは製品、またはそれと関連するあらゆるクロージャー(例えば、蓋)、ラベルもしくは二次包装材料である。食品容器としては、使い捨てタッパーウェア(Tupperware)、再使用可能なタッパーウェア(Tupperware)、および市販の飲食物製品のための容器が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。飲料容器としては、ボトルおよびカップが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。飲食物製品としては、ストロー、爪楊枝、使い捨て皿、および使い捨て食事用器具類が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
3,6−ジメチルシクロヘキサ−1−エンをもたらすためのヘキサ−2,4−ジエンおよびエチレンのディールス−アルダー付加環化の反応座標が図1に示されている。ディールス−アルダー付加環化のコンピュータにより計算された温度、活性比および反応速度は、表1に示されており、アイリング(Eyering)の式に基づいている。
k=(kBt/h)(−Ea/RT)
式中、k=速度定数;
KB=ボルツマン定数;
T=温度;
h=プランク定数;および
Ea=活性化エネルギー(143.1kJ/mol)
[4+2]環状付加物である4,5−ジメチルシクロヘキサ−1−エンを生じるブタ−1,3−ジエンおよび2−ブテンのディールス−アルダー付加環化の反応座標が図2に示されている。ディールス−アルダー付加環化のコンピュータにより計算された温度、活性比および反応速度は、表2に示されており、アイリング(Eyering)の式に基づいている。
k=(kBt/h)(−Ea/RT)
式中、k=速度定数;
KB=ボルツマン定数;
h=プランク定数;
T=温度;および
Ea=活性化エネルギー(131.05kJ/mol)
表1および表2は、ジエン対ジエノフィルの活性比を高めることは、温度に関わらず、付加環化反応の速度を高めることを例証している。同様に、反応の温度を高めることは、活性比に関わらず、付加環化反応の速度を高める。最も速い反応速度は、最大活性比および最高温度で起こる。
Claims (13)
- バイオ−p−キシレンを調製する方法であって、
少なくとも1つのバイオマス供給源からバイオ−グルコースを得る工程と、
バイオ−グルコースをバイオ−エタノールに転化する工程と、
バイオ−エタノールの第1の部分をバイオ−2−ブテンに転化する工程と、
バイオ−エタノールの第2の部分をバイオ−1,3−ブタジエンに転化する工程と、
ディールス−アルダー付加環化条件下においてバイオ−2−ブテンおよびバイオ−1,3−ブタジエンを反応させてバイオ−4,5−ジメチルシクロヘキサ−1−エンを形成する工程と、
バイオ−4,5−ジメチルシクロヘキサ−1−エンをバイオ−o−キシレンに脱水素環化する工程と、
バイオ−o−キシレンをバイオ−p−キシレンに異性化する工程と
を含む、方法。 - バイオ−テレフタル酸を提供するためのバイオ−p−キシレンの酸化をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ディールス−アルダー付加環化におけるバイオ−1,3−ブタジエンとバイオ−2-ブテンの活性比が、少なくとも2:1である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ディールス−アルダー付加環化におけるバイオ−1,3−ブタジエンとバイオ−2-ブテンの活性比が、少なくとも100:1である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ディールス−アルダー付加環化の温度が、500℃〜700℃である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ディールス−アルダー付加環化の温度が500℃〜700℃であり、かつ前記ディールス−アルダー付加環化におけるバイオ−1,3−ブタジエンとバイオ−2-ブテンの活性比が50:1〜100:1である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- バイオ−p−キシレンを調製する方法であって、
少なくとも1つのバイオマス供給源からバイオ−グルコースを得る工程と、
バイオ−グルコースをバイオ−エタノールに転化する工程と、
バイオ−エタノールの第1の部分をバイオ−エチレンに転化する工程と、
バイオ−エタノールの第2の部分をバイオ−ヘキサ−2,4−ジエンに転化する工程と、
ディールス−アルダー付加環化条件下においてバイオ−エチレンおよびバイオ−ヘキサ−2,4−ジエンを反応させてバイオ−3,6−ジメチルシクロヘキサ−1−エンを形成する工程と、
バイオ−3,6−ジメチルシクロヘキサ−1−エンをバイオ−p−キシレンに脱水素環化する工程と
を含む、方法。 - バイオ−テレフタル酸を提供するためのバイオ−p−キシレンの酸化をさらに含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記ディールス−アルダー付加環化におけるバイオ−1,3−ブタジエンとバイオ−2-ブテンの活性比が、少なくとも2:1である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記ディールス−アルダー付加環化におけるバイオ−1,3−ブタジエンとバイオ−2-ブテンの活性比が、少なくとも100:1である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記ディールス−アルダー付加環化の温度が、500℃〜700℃である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記ディールス−アルダー付加環化の温度が500℃〜700℃であり、かつ前記ディールス−アルダー付加環化におけるバイオ−1,3−ブタジエンとバイオ−2-ブテンの活性比が50:1〜100:1である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのバイオマス供給源が、トウモロコシ、メイズ、モロコシ、オオムギ、コムギ、ライムギ、イネ、キビ、オオムギ、イモ、サトウキビ、テンサイ、塊茎、ダイズ、糖蜜、果実材料、サトウキビ、テンサイ、木材、植物材料またはそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項1又は7に記載の方法。
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