JP6114302B2 - 燃料電池システムとその駆動方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システムとその駆動方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6114302B2 JP6114302B2 JP2014545805A JP2014545805A JP6114302B2 JP 6114302 B2 JP6114302 B2 JP 6114302B2 JP 2014545805 A JP2014545805 A JP 2014545805A JP 2014545805 A JP2014545805 A JP 2014545805A JP 6114302 B2 JP6114302 B2 JP 6114302B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- power
- valve
- fuel
- exhaust gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04731—Temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0668—Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/249—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
- H01M8/2495—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies of fuel cells of different types
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/14—Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
- H01M2008/147—Fuel cells with molten carbonates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2011-0129169 | 2011-12-05 | ||
| KR1020110129169A KR101441489B1 (ko) | 2011-12-05 | 2011-12-05 | 연료 전지 시스템과 그 구동 방법 |
| PCT/KR2012/010177 WO2013085216A1 (ko) | 2011-12-05 | 2012-11-28 | 연료 전지 시스템과 그 구동 방법 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2015506065A JP2015506065A (ja) | 2015-02-26 |
| JP2015506065A5 JP2015506065A5 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) | 2015-04-09 |
| JP6114302B2 true JP6114302B2 (ja) | 2017-04-12 |
Family
ID=48574523
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014545805A Expired - Fee Related JP6114302B2 (ja) | 2011-12-05 | 2012-11-28 | 燃料電池システムとその駆動方法 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9601792B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| EP (1) | EP2790256A4 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| JP (1) | JP6114302B2 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| KR (1) | KR101441489B1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
| WO (1) | WO2013085216A1 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101416909B1 (ko) * | 2012-12-27 | 2014-07-08 | 두산중공업 주식회사 | 연료 전지 시스템과 그 제어 방법 |
| US9929353B2 (en) | 2014-04-02 | 2018-03-27 | Universal Display Corporation | Organic electroluminescent materials and devices |
| WO2017184877A1 (en) | 2016-04-21 | 2017-10-26 | Fuelcell Energy, Inc. | High efficiency fuel cell system with hydrogen and syngas export |
| CN107464944B (zh) | 2016-05-27 | 2021-02-02 | 通用电气公司 | 燃料电池系统及其操作方法 |
| JP6785320B2 (ja) * | 2016-06-06 | 2020-11-18 | フュエルセル エナジー, インコーポレイテッドFuelcell Energy, Inc. | 配電網を支援するための燃料電池負荷変動 |
| US10541433B2 (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2020-01-21 | Fuelcell Energy, Inc. | Fuel cell-fuel cell hybrid system for energy storage |
| US10573907B2 (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2020-02-25 | Fuelcell Energy, Inc. | Load-following fuel cell system with energy storage |
| JP2019029051A (ja) * | 2017-07-25 | 2019-02-21 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | 燃料電池システム、制御装置、及びプログラム |
| CN109786791B (zh) * | 2019-01-28 | 2021-08-17 | 江苏乾景新能源产业技术研究院有限公司 | 一种增强燃料电池运行稳定性的方法 |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3666682A (en) | 1969-11-26 | 1972-05-30 | Texaco Inc | Water-gas shift conversion process |
| US4560397A (en) * | 1984-08-16 | 1985-12-24 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process to produce ultrahigh purity oxygen |
| DE19637207C2 (de) | 1996-09-12 | 1998-07-02 | Siemens Ag | Anlage und Verfahren zur Energieerzeugung |
| US7067208B2 (en) * | 2002-02-20 | 2006-06-27 | Ion America Corporation | Load matched power generation system including a solid oxide fuel cell and a heat pump and an optional turbine |
| DE10234263A1 (de) * | 2002-07-27 | 2004-02-12 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Verbundbrennstoffzellenanlage |
| CA2448715C (en) | 2002-11-11 | 2011-07-05 | Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation | Fuel cell power generating system with two fuel cells of different types and method of controlling the same |
| US6989209B2 (en) * | 2002-12-27 | 2006-01-24 | General Electric Company | Power generation method |
| US20040197612A1 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-10-07 | Questair Technologies Inc. | Hydrogen recycle for high temperature fuel cells |
| US6896988B2 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-05-24 | Fuelcell Energy, Inc. | Enhanced high efficiency fuel cell/turbine power plant |
| US6974644B2 (en) * | 2004-02-06 | 2005-12-13 | Fuelcell Energy, Inc. | Internal reforming fuel cell assembly with selectively adjustable direct and indirect internal reforming |
| US7396603B2 (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2008-07-08 | Fuelcell Energy, Inc. | Integrated high efficiency fossil fuel power plant/fuel cell system with CO2 emissions abatement |
| US9911989B2 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2018-03-06 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Fuel cell system with partial recycling of anode exhaust |
| US7862938B2 (en) * | 2007-02-05 | 2011-01-04 | Fuelcell Energy, Inc. | Integrated fuel cell and heat engine hybrid system for high efficiency power generation |
| WO2008150524A2 (en) * | 2007-06-04 | 2008-12-11 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Structure for high temperature fuel cell system start up and shutdown |
| JP2009048854A (ja) * | 2007-08-20 | 2009-03-05 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 燃料電池発電装置およびその制御方法 |
| JP2009099355A (ja) | 2007-10-16 | 2009-05-07 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池暖機装置 |
| KR101138763B1 (ko) | 2009-12-08 | 2012-04-24 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | 연료전지 발전시스템용 부하추종 장치 및 그 방법 |
| US8790840B2 (en) * | 2010-03-10 | 2014-07-29 | Dcns Sa | Systems and methods for fuel cell thermal management |
-
2011
- 2011-12-05 KR KR1020110129169A patent/KR101441489B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-11-28 JP JP2014545805A patent/JP6114302B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-11-28 EP EP12855250.2A patent/EP2790256A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-11-28 WO PCT/KR2012/010177 patent/WO2013085216A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2012-11-28 US US14/363,057 patent/US9601792B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9601792B2 (en) | 2017-03-21 |
| KR20130062744A (ko) | 2013-06-13 |
| WO2013085216A1 (ko) | 2013-06-13 |
| JP2015506065A (ja) | 2015-02-26 |
| US20140349144A1 (en) | 2014-11-27 |
| EP2790256A1 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
| KR101441489B1 (ko) | 2014-09-18 |
| EP2790256A4 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6114302B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システムとその駆動方法 | |
| Lanzini et al. | Experimental investigation of direct internal reforming of biogas in solid oxide fuel cells | |
| KR101753610B1 (ko) | 고온 연료 전지 스택을 동작시키는 공정 | |
| KR100961838B1 (ko) | 외부 개질형 용융탄산염 연료전지 시스템 | |
| JP2007523443A (ja) | 水素生産、発電、及び併産のための燃料電池 | |
| US20140234735A1 (en) | High temperature fuel cell/electrolyzer system with energy storage media and auxiliaries outside the fuel cell power generator | |
| JP2015506065A5 (cg-RX-API-DMAC7.html) | ||
| JP2009048854A (ja) | 燃料電池発電装置およびその制御方法 | |
| KR20110098945A (ko) | 전기 네트워크에 전류를 공급하기 위한 연료 전지 디바이스 및 방법 | |
| JP5675675B2 (ja) | コンバインド発電システム、及びコンバインド発電システムの運転方法 | |
| JP2008248851A (ja) | ポンプ装置の流量制御方法及び装置 | |
| JP2018131647A (ja) | 電気分解システム、制御装置、及びプログラム | |
| JP2004063180A (ja) | 燃料電池発電設備の逆変換制御方法 | |
| KR102872376B1 (ko) | 연료 전지 시스템 | |
| JP6575621B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム及びその運転方法 | |
| JP6304430B1 (ja) | 燃料電池システム及びその運転方法 | |
| JP2009245769A (ja) | 燃料電池発電装置 | |
| KR101620237B1 (ko) | 복합 연료전지 시스템 | |
| JP2013157189A (ja) | エネルギー管理装置 | |
| JP2009117170A (ja) | 水素製造発電システム及びその負荷追従発電方法 | |
| JP5134309B2 (ja) | 燃料電池発電装置およびその制御方法 | |
| KR101416909B1 (ko) | 연료 전지 시스템과 그 제어 방법 | |
| JP2021034130A (ja) | 蓄エネルギー装置 | |
| KR101408139B1 (ko) | 연료전지를 이용한 이산화탄소 회수 시스템 | |
| JP2006134767A (ja) | 固体酸化物形燃料電池システム |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20150121 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20151125 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20160920 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20160927 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20161227 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20170214 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20170316 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6114302 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |