JP6094358B2 - Grain dryer - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a grain dryer for drying grains by controlling a burner in a drying section.

  The grain dryer of Patent Document 1 is capable of drying the edible rice cake while preventing the body from cracking by utilizing the heat control of the burner based on the use of exhaust air of high humidity and the like. It is.

JP 2012-17863 A

  Unlike food grains, it is desirable that the burning cost of the burner be low in the drying process of feed grains with low unit prices. It is an object of the present invention to provide a grain dryer that can reduce the amount of fuel when feed grain is dried.

The invention according to claim 1 is a grain drying machine for drying a feed grain for drying a grain for feed in a grain dryer which performs drying operation until the target moisture value (A) is reached by air drying or combustion drying. When the feed grain drying mode is selected and the moisture value of the grain at the beginning of filling is equal to or higher than the set moisture value, ventilation drying is performed until the set moisture value is reached. after performing, shifts to combustion dried by a preset or more drying rate, Chokomi when water content of the original grain is smaller than the set water content, the drying of the above set previously set from the operation start Combustion drying is performed at a speed, and when the predetermined moisture range is reached from the target moisture value (A) during the combustion drying, the drying operation is performed by ventilation drying until the target moisture value (A) is reached . That It is a grain dryer and butterflies.

The invention according to claim 2 is the configuration of the invention according to claim 1, after reaching a predetermined moisture range from the target moisture value (A) and shifting from combustion drying at a drying speed equal to or higher than a setting to ventilation drying, When the drying rate by ventilation drying is equal to or less than the set value, the method is characterized in that the process shifts from ventilation drying to combustion drying at a drying speed equal to or less than a preset value .

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the configuration according to the first or second aspect, a grain type selection switch for selecting an object to be dried is provided on the operation panel, and a grain drying mode for feed is selected by the grain type selection switch. It is possible to make it possible.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the moisture value of the grain at the beginning of filling is higher than the set value, a sufficient drying rate can be secured even by ventilation drying, so the amount of fuel used can be reduced accordingly. . In addition, when the moisture value at the beginning of tensioning is lower than the set value, i.e., when sufficient drying loss rate cannot be ensured by ventilation drying, by performing combustion drying at a drying speed higher than the preset setting , Drying operation with good combustion efficiency can be performed. Further, in the vicinity of the target moisture value (A) where the drying rate decreases and the combustion efficiency decreases, the amount of fuel used can be suppressed by shifting to ventilation drying and proceeding to the target moisture value (A). it can. As described above, energy-saving and high-efficiency drying processing is possible for feed grains.
In addition, unlike food grains, feed grains are often crushed and used as they are after drying, and there is no problem even if the shells are cracked during drying. Therefore, the time to reach the target moisture value can be shortened by continuously performing the combustion drying at a high drying speed equal to or higher than a preset setting.

According to the invention according to claim 2, in addition to the effect of the invention according to claim 1, when the moisture value of the grain is close to the target moisture value (A) and ventilation drying is performed, a sufficient drying rate is secured. When it is not possible, the target moisture value can be quickly transferred by shifting to combustion drying.
Moreover, combustion efficiency can be made favorable by making the drying rate at this time below the preset setting .

  According to the invention according to claim 3, in addition to the effect of the invention according to claim 1 or 2, since the grain type selection switch can be used to select the grain drying mode for feed, the operation is simple.

The perspective view of the internal structure of the whole grain dryer concerning embodiment of this invention The internal perspective view of the structure of the drying part and grain collection part of the grain dryer of FIG. Configuration diagram of drying section and cereal collection section including the external configuration of the grain dryer of FIG. 1 is a rear perspective view of the main part of the exhaust air discharge section of the grain dryer of FIG. Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the main part of the exhaust air discharge section of the grain dryer of Fig. 1 FIG. 1 is a plan view showing ventilation flow lines in the drying section of the grain dryer of FIG. System configuration diagram of the grain dryer of FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of a division of a moisture spot layer. It is a front view of the operation panel of the control box of the grain dryer of FIG. Flow chart of drying process for high moisture feed straw Flow chart of drying process for low moisture feed straw

Embodiments specifically configured based on the above technical idea will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the internal structure of the entire grain dryer 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a state in which the upper part from the storage unit 2 is separated and lifted from the drying unit 3, and the longitudinal direction of the main body is the front-rear direction and the short direction is the left-right direction. FIG. 2 is an internal perspective view of the configuration of the drying unit 3 and the grain collecting unit 4 of the grain dryer 1, and FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of the drying unit 3 and the grain collecting unit 4 including the external configuration. Show.

  The grain dryer 1 is formed with a storage unit 2, a drying unit 3, and a cereal collecting unit 4 in that order from above, and a combustion burner while circulating the grains by driving a groining machine 7 provided on the outer periphery thereof. 5 is a so-called circulation type grain dryer that dries the hot air generated by the combustion of No. 5 and the exhaust fan 6 on the grain in the drying unit 3. The grain outlet of the drying unit 3 is provided with a rotary valve 14 that allows a predetermined amount of grain to flow down while rotating in the forward and reverse directions, and the delivered grain is received by the lower spiral 15 of the grain collecting unit 4 that leads to the groining machine 7. By supplying the spreader (not shown) of the storage unit 2 with the upper transport device 8 connected to the upper side of the groining machine 7, the embedded grains are uniformly accumulated and stored on the entire surface of the storage chamber 2.

  A burner case 40 having a large number of slit-like outside air intake ports 50 formed on the front side is attached to the front side of the main body and at the center of the left and right sides of the drying unit 3, and the combustion burner 5 is accommodated in the burner case 40. The combustion disc surface of the combustion burner 5 is placed so as to face the main body. In addition, an exhaust fan 6 is provided at the center of the left and right of the drying unit 3 on the rear side of the main body.

  In the position adjacent to the burner case 40 on the front side of the main body, a grain raising machine 7 is provided for raising the grain, and the upper part of the main body is provided with a transfer spiral and stores the grain raised by the grain raising machine 7. 2 and a dust suction fan 9 for sucking and removing foreign matters such as scum mixed in the grains being conveyed by the upper conveyance device 8. In addition, a moisture meter 10 for detecting the moisture of the grain is attached to the groining machine 7, and the moisture value is calculated by taking the sample grain out of the grains that are being pulverized and detecting the electrical resistance value for each single grain every set time. .

  In the drying section 3, left and right grain flow passages 13, 13 are installed between the front plate 3a and the back plate 3b of the fuselage, and hot air on the left and right outer sides is sandwiched between the respective grain flow passages 13, 13. The chambers 11 and 11 and the central exhaust chamber 12 are formed. Dry hot air generated by the combustion burner 5 passes through the hot air chamber 11, and the exhaust air chamber 12 communicates with the exhaust air fan 6 at the left and right central portions. A rotary valve 14 that feeds the grain to the cereal collecting unit 4 is provided at the lower end of the grain lowering passage 13, and the grains in the storage unit 2 sequentially pass through the rotation of the rotary valve 14.

(Exhaust air circulation)
4 is a rear perspective view of the main part of the exhaust air discharge unit of the grain dryer 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the main part of the exhaust air discharge unit, and FIG. The top view showing the ventilation streamline of 3 is shown.

  The exhaust air discharge unit is provided with an exhaust air duct 20 projecting from the back plate 3b to the outside of the box, and the exhaust air supply duct 21 is connected to the upper part of the exhaust air duct 20 and communicated forward from the exhaust air duct 20. A fan body 6a is extended from the back plate 3b to the inside of the box toward the inside of the box, and a fixed plate 6c and fan blades 6b are attached so that the tip of the exhaust fan 6 extends into the exhaust chamber 12. Configure. In addition, a fan motor 6d is disposed on the upper portion of the fan body 6a, and a transmission belt 6e is provided on the back side to drive the fan blade 6b.

  Since the fan motor 6d is installed in the exhaust chamber 12 integrally with the exhaust fan 6, a simple fan drive unit by the external fan motor 6d is configured without causing exhaust air leakage to the outside air. Can do. Further, the fan motor 6d is configured such that the rotational speed can be adjusted by a fan inverter 73 described later, which is a rotational speed adjusting means.

  The exhaust fan 6 includes an axial flow type fan blade 6b and a fixed plate 6c that applies pressure to the exhaust air generated by the fan blade 6b inside the circular fan body 6a. A discharge duct 20 having a circular cross section is connected to the discharge side. Thus, the grain dryer 1 concerning this invention is equipped with the structure which circulates a part of exhaust air from the discharge fan 6, and uses again for grain drying.

  The configuration for circulating the exhaust air will be described. The exhaust from the exhaust fan 6 is divided into an outflow exhaust that is discharged outside the machine and a return exhaust that circulates to the hot air chamber side. In the exhaust duct 20, the outflow exhaust and the return exhaust are separated. A first control valve 23 serving as an exhaust air adjusting means for adjusting the ratio is provided, and a second exhaust air outlet is provided at the exhaust air inlet of the exhaust air supply duct 21 to adjust the amount of return exhaust air supplied into the exhaust air supply duct 21. A control valve 22 is provided. The first control valve 23 and the second control valve 22 are configured to be rotated by a horizontal axis 23a and a rotation axis 22a, respectively, and the first control valve drive motor 25 is connected to the rotation axis 23a. The second control valve drive motor 26 is also connected to the rotating shaft 22a. The amount of return exhaust air flowing from the exhaust air supply duct 21 into the return duct 27 is appropriately adjusted by the control device 17.

  The exhaust air supply duct 21 is provided from the upper part of the exhaust air fan 6 to the left and right sides, and distributes the return exhaust air to the left and right sides. The return duct 27 that constitutes the exhaust air return means is a cylindrical passage provided in the left and right hot air chambers 11 along the front-rear direction. In the present embodiment, the return duct 27 is formed in a circular shape and is discharged from the exhaust air fan 6. Return part of the exhausted air to the hot air chamber 11 side.

  A heat exhaust air passage case 43 is provided between the main body and the burner case 40. Then, one end of the return duct 27 and the hot exhaust air passage case 43 are connected to each other, and the return exhaust air returned from the return duct 27 is mixed with the hot air generated by the combustion burner 5 in the hot exhaust air passage case 43. .

  Next, the hot air generated by the combustion burner 5 receives the suction action of the exhaust fan 6 and acts as dry hot air on the grains in the downstream passage 13 from the hot air chamber 11, and then partially returns to the return duct 27. Then, a process until it mixes with a hot air in the hot exhaust wind passage case 43 and is supplied to the hot air chamber 11 is demonstrated.

  Hot air generated by the combustion burner 5 is supplied from the burner case 40 to the hot air chamber 11. The hot air in the hot air chamber 11 passes through the grain flowing down the grain flow passage 13 that forms a large number of slits (not shown), acts on the grain, deprives the moisture, and is discharged into the exhaust air chamber 12. The exhaust fan 6 exhausts the exhaust duct 20 as exhaust air.

  Exhaust air in the exhaust air duct 20 is supplied to the heat exhaust air passage case 43 through the return duct 27 through a return duct 27 with an appropriate amount of return exhaust air by controlling the opening degree of the first control valve 23 and the second control valve 22. The hot air generated by the burner 5 is mixed and supplied.

  With the above configuration, the return exhaust air from the exhaust air fan 6 is mixed with the hot air generated by the combustion burner 5 and supplied to the hot air chamber 11, whereby heat in the exhaust air is added to the hot air supplied from the combustion burner 5. The heat can be appropriately applied to the grains in the grain flow passage 13, and the grain temperature can be increased to an appropriate temperature in a short time. Thereby, the water | moisture content transfer inside a grain or between grains can be made active, and high-speed drying can be performed, preventing the twisting of a grain. Moreover, since the absolute humidity of the hot air which acts on the grain of the grain flow path 13 becomes high, the amount of vaporization from the grain surface can be suppressed, and also in this respect, the grain can be prevented from being twisted.

  In addition, as a means to suppress the vaporization of moisture in the grain, the moisture once removed from the grain is returned to the grain and given to the grain, so there is no need for extra combustion to remove the newly humidified humidified water and fuel efficiency. Can be high.

(Control system)
FIG. 7 is a system configuration diagram of the grain dryer 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention. The control device 17 is built in a control box above the burner case 40. As a signal input device to the control device 17, an outside air temperature sensor 70 installed on the outer periphery of the grain dryer 1, a hot air temperature sensor 71 for measuring the temperature of the hot air chamber, a moisture meter 10 provided in the grower 7, and a storage unit An extension amount detection sensor 72 provided at the upper portion of the inner wall 2 is provided, and the control device 17 receives these detection signals and also receives input signals from switches provided on the operation panel 16. Then, the control device 17 includes a combustion burner 5 that generates hot air to be fed into the hot air chamber 11, a first control valve drive motor 25 that drives the first control valve 23 and the second control valve 22 for adjusting the exhaust air amount, and a second control. Output devices such as a valve drive motor 26, a fan inverter 73 that adjusts the rotation speed of the fan motor 6d of the exhaust fan 6 and a power machine such as a grower motor that drives the grower 7 are connected to a signal input device. The operation of these output devices is controlled in accordance with the signal and the input signal from the switches.

(control panel)
FIG. 9 shows a front view of the control panel 16 of the control box. On the left side of the operation panel 16 is a state display panel 51 showing the state of mixed exhaust drying called “heat recycling (registered trademark)” on the left side, and a tension operation switch 61, a ventilation drying switch 62, a drying operation switch 63, and a discharge operation in the center. An operation panel 52 provided with a switch 64 and a stop switch 65, a sub-panel 53 that shows the setting and state of the amount of grain tension on the right side and a set moisture value of the grain, and the type of grain to be dried below A setting button 55 for selecting and a display, and a setting button 56 for selecting a drying speed and an indicator lamp are provided. The grain setting button 55 is provided with feed grains (feed straw) in addition to food grains such as straw and wheat as selection branches, and is configured to be able to select the drying control of each drying pattern.

The outline of the operation control according to the embodiment of the present invention in the grain dryer 1 having the above configuration will be described.
In the drying operation of edible cereals, especially rice cakes, while circulating the grains stretched in the storage chamber 2, the hot air is supplied to the drying unit 3 along the drying speed set by the user, and the drying target moisture value A is reached. Sequentially dry. The control device 17 of the grain dryer 1 performs a round measurement to measure the moisture value of the grain at a plurality of different timings according to the amount of tension while circulating the tensioned grain in the storage chamber 2 once. The moisture distribution state for each grain layer in the longitudinal direction of the cereal grains obtained by this round measurement, that is, the degree of moisture spots is grasped (see FIG. 8). And the estimated circulation time required in order to converge this moisture spot in the predetermined width | variety by circulation of a grain is calculated, and a drying circulation operation is performed with the drying speed which reaches the drying target moisture value A in this scheduled circulation time.

(Dried straw for feed)
Next, the drying control of the feed straw will be described.

When “feed” is selected with the setting button 55 and the drying operation switch 63 is pressed, the feed grain drying operation starts. In the feed grain mode, there is no need to operate the drying speed setting button 56.
At the start of the drying operation, ventilation drying is started when the moisture of the grain is equal to or higher than a predetermined setting moisture value, and combustion drying at a drying speed higher than the setting is started when the moisture is less than the setting moisture value. When the drying rate (drying speed) in the ventilation drying is less than the predetermined set speed, the process shifts to combustion drying at a drying speed higher than the set speed.
When the drying proceeds to a predetermined moisture range that is slightly higher than the target moisture value, it shifts to ventilation drying, and ventilation drying is performed until the target moisture value is reached.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 11, a flow chart of the drying control in the case of high moisture is used for the drying control of the feed rice bran, as shown in FIG. The drying operation (S22) is started through S21a to S21c).

  If the moisture value at the time of tension (S23a) is equal to or higher than the set moisture value (for example, 23%), ventilation drying (S23b) is performed, and the determination (S23c) for the drying rate (S23c) sets the set speed (for example, 0.3% / In the case of exceeding hr), ventilation drying (S23b) is continued until the moisture value is determined (S23d) until the moisture value is reduced to a set moisture value (for example, 23%). Further, if the moisture value at the time of tension is less than the set moisture value according to the above determination (S23a), combustion drying (except in the vicinity of the target moisture value A (for example, within 2% to the target moisture value A)) S25a) is performed.

  In the combustion drying (S25a), in the ventilation drying (S23b), when the drying speed during the ventilation operation is equal to or lower than the setting speed of the determination (S23c), or the moisture value is reduced to the setting moisture value of the determination (S23d). Also applied to the case, it is ensured at a set drying speed (for example, 1.2% / hr) or more, continues until it approaches the target moisture value A (for example, within 1%), and approaches the target moisture value A ( S25b) The process proceeds to ventilation drying (S25c), and the drying operation is stopped (S26b) if the target moisture value A is reached by the moisture value determination (S26a) during ventilation drying.

As in the case of the above drying control, when the initial moisture value is high, energy-saving drying can be promoted rationally by ventilation drying under certain conditions, and it can be handled as feed grain by switching to high-speed drying under certain conditions. By making use of the high-speed processing that is utilized, it is possible to efficiently dry the feed rice by minimizing the processing time while minimizing the combustion cost of the burner by switching to pre-heated ventilation drying.
In addition, feed grains (feed straw) are often used after pulverization as they are, unlike edible grains (food straw). Even if the straw is cracked during drying, there is no problem. Drying can be promoted by cracking. Therefore, the time to reach the target moisture value can be shortened by continuously performing the combustion drying at a high drying speed (1.2% / h) higher than the setting.

Next, the drying control of low moisture feed straw will be described.
If the moisture value at the time of tension is low (close to the set range) near the target moisture value A, ventilation drying is performed. If the drying rate (drying rate) in the ventilation drying is lower than a predetermined value or the outside air temperature is When the temperature is lower than the set value, the target moisture value can be reached quickly by igniting the burner, shifting to combustion drying, and drying to the target moisture value A.
In addition, although the combustion drying speed at this time is burned at a set speed, if possible, the combustion speed is higher than the drying speed by ventilation drying and a relatively slow drying speed (for example, 0.4% / h) below the setting. Is desirable. Thereby, the fuel efficiency can be improved while quickly reaching the target moisture value.

  The specific drying control is performed when the moisture content is determined in the above-described moisture value determination (S24 in FIG. 10) in the case of low moisture in the vicinity of the target moisture value A (for example, within 2% up to the target moisture value). As shown in the flowchart, the ventilation drying (S31) is started, and the outside air temperature determination (S32a) and the drying speed determination (S32b) are performed to determine whether the outside air temperature is lower than a set value (for example, 15 degrees), and In the case of a low speed judgment with a drying speed equal to or lower than a set speed (for example, 0.3% / Hr), the process proceeds to combustion drying (S33) in order to ensure a set drying speed (for example, 0.4% / hr). The process is repeatedly stopped (S35) until the target moisture value A is reached (S33a) within the range of the outside air temperature and the drying speed under the above conditions.

  In this repetition, the outside air temperature determination (S32a) and the drying speed determination (S32b) indicate that if the outside air temperature is equal to or higher than the set value, or if the drying speed exceeds the set speed, the process proceeds to ventilation drying (S34). When it exceeds the set speed (for example, 0.3% / Hr) by the determination (S34a), it is dried by ventilation until the target moisture value A is reached (S34b) within the range of the outside air temperature and the drying speed condition (S32a, S32b). If the determination of the ventilation drying speed (S34a) is equal to or lower than the set speed, the process proceeds to the combustion drying (S33).

  In this way, when drying low-moisture feed rice, adding low-speed drying with minimum combustion to ventilation drying minimizes combustion and saves energy, while minimizing drying processing time. Rice can be dried efficiently.

  In addition, by providing a setting button 55 for switching to the drying control peculiar to such feed rice, it is possible to share a wide variety of grain types including drying of normal food grains in a single grain dryer. Become.

(Inspection control)
Next, inspection control will be described.
The automatic inspection control of the dryer is a system that includes a monitor that displays the parts to be inspected, time management that prompts the inspection work, and a warning buzzer. When the time arrives, a warning sound will be sounded, and a screen for entering the user's judgment as to whether or not the inspection time is appropriate will be opened. When the user judges from the current situation, the time can be increased or decreased, the warning sound is sounded again at the changed time, and no action is taken after a predetermined time from the warning time due to the changed time. By making the dryer impossible to start, maintenance can be ensured.

  In order to urge the cleaning of the dryer, the system that pays attention to the accumulation of dust is configured to be able to correct the timing of issuing the warning sound by the data for each user. In the inspection control, it is possible to change the time for sounding the warning sound according to the data re-input by the user. At this time, when the abnormality content recently issued is analyzed, the warning content is displayed for those that have been issued many times. At the same time, a learning system for prompting attention is configured by correcting the inspection time of the inspection item corresponding to it short. This learning system makes it possible to carefully check for errors that have occurred before and prevent major accidents.

  In addition, for the above inspection management control, for items whose inspection time has been changed by error checking, attention is urged by restricting performance functions in related items, and if measures are not taken at the cleaning time, the drying speed If no action is taken even after the parts replacement inspection time has passed without limiting to “slow”, it is possible to ensure inspection by controlling the elevator to stop operation.

  Next, regarding exhaust air circulation control, in a system that measures grain temperature directly or indirectly, the exhaust air circulation amount is closed by closing the exhaust air circulation valve to the predetermined value until the grain temperature rises to the predetermined value. , And then, in order to reduce the exhaust air circulation amount sequentially in accordance with the temperature rise, the circulation amount control by simple grain temperature control becomes possible.

Further, the exhaust air circulation amount is controlled by the hot air temperature. For example, the higher the hot air temperature, the smaller the exhaust air circulation amount.
Furthermore, the exhaust air circulation amount is controlled by the drying speed. For example, the faster the set drying speed is, the less the circulation amount can be controlled by a simple technique.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Grain dryer 3 Drying part 5 Combustion burner 10 Moisture meter 16 Control panel 17 Control device 55 Setting button 70 Outside temperature sensor A Target moisture value

Claims (3)

In the grain dryer that performs the drying operation until the target moisture value (A) is reached for the cereal grains by ventilation drying or combustion drying,
The feed grain drying mode for drying feed grain is configured to be selectable,
When the feed grain drying mode is selected,
If the moisture value of the grain at the beginning of the filling is equal to or higher than the set moisture value, after drying by ventilation until the set moisture value is reached , the process shifts to combustion drying at a drying rate higher than the preset value , When the moisture value of the grain at the beginning of mixing is smaller than the set moisture value, combustion drying is performed at a drying rate that is higher than a preset value from the start of operation , and the target moisture value (A) is determined during the combustion drying. When the moisture range is reached, the grain dryer is configured to shift to a drying operation by ventilation drying until the target moisture value (A) is reached . After reaching the predetermined moisture range from the target moisture value (A) and shifting from combustion drying at a drying speed higher than the setting to ventilation drying, when the drying rate by ventilation drying is less than the setting, preset from ventilation drying 2. The grain dryer according to claim 1, wherein the drying is performed by combustion drying at a drying speed equal to or less than the set value.   The grain dryer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a grain type selection switch for selecting an object to be dried is provided on the operation panel, and a grain drying mode for feed can be selected by the grain type selection switch.

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