JP2015190721A - grain dryer - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a grain dryer that can selectively perform drying according to respective purposes for food grain and feed grain with one apparatus, and secure operability in multi-functionalization.SOLUTION: The grain dryer comprises: a drying part 3 having a combustion burner 5 and an exhaust air fan 6, for drying charged grain with hot air while circulating the charged grain; and drying speed setting means 56 for setting a drying speed. The grain dryer is configured such that a combustion amount of the combustion burner 5 can be controlled by a set drying speed by the drying speed setting means 56 in response to an amount of the charged grain. The grain dryer is provided with a food grain drying mode 55 for controlling drying of the charged grain at the set drying speed, and a feed grain drying mode 55 for controlling drying of the charged grain at a predetermined drying speed in a high speed region suitable for the feed grain irrespective of an amount of the charged grain, and can select one of the modes, thereby allowing drying according to respective purposes by a simple selection of the modes.

Description

  The present invention relates to a grain dryer for drying grain by receiving hot air by burner combustion control.

  The grain dryer of Patent Document 1 enables appropriate drying processing by suppressing deterioration in grain quality for various grain types including feed grains by adjusting the drying rate to a predetermined condition range. It is.

JP 63-176888 A

  However, when the use of dried cereals is different, for example, the drying of feed rice whose use is different from edible rice requires a drying method tailored to that use, and causes complicated operations in multipurpose use. With problems.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a grain dryer capable of drying edible grains and feed grains in accordance with the respective purposes by one machine body and ensuring operability in multi-use.

  The invention according to claim 1 includes a combustion burner (5) and an exhaust fan (6), a drying section (3) for drying with hot air while circulating the cereals, and a drying for setting a drying speed. Grain comprising a speed setting means (56) and capable of controlling the combustion amount of the combustion burner (5) according to the drying speed set by the drying speed setting means (56) in correspondence with the grain amount of the stretched grain In the dryer, an edible grain drying mode (55) for controlling the drying of the cereal grains at the set drying speed, and a feed grain drying mode (55) for controlling the drying at a drying speed in a predetermined high speed region regardless of the amount of squeezing. Is provided so as to be selectable.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the first aspect of the present invention, the drying section (3) is configured to exhaust the exhaust air returned from the exhaust air fan (6) into hot air and dry it. (21) can be selectively applied, and the exhaust air return mechanism (21) is selectively applied only to the edible grain drying mode (55).

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the first or second aspect of the present invention, the exhaust fan (6) is configured to be capable of switching a rotational speed between a high speed and a low speed, and the feed grain and the It is characterized by switching between high speed and low speed corresponding to the drying mode (55) of the edible grain.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the configuration of the first to third aspects of the present invention, the drying section (3) includes a dust exhaust fan (9) for discharging dust in the stretched grain. The dust discharge fan (9) is configured to be able to switch the rotation speed between high speed and low speed, and is characterized by switching between high speed and low speed corresponding to the dry mode (55) of the feed grain and the food grain.

  According to the invention according to claim 1, the grain dryer dries the circulating cereal grains by the combustion burner (5) and the exhaust fan (6) of the drying section (3). At this time, the edible grain drying mode ( 55) and the feed grain drying mode (55) are selected to control the combustion burner (5), that is, in the food grain drying mode (55), the combustion burner (55) is set along the drying speed set by the drying speed setting means (56). 5) is controlled, and in the feed grain drying mode (55), the combustion is controlled at the feed drying speed in a predetermined high speed range of the feed grains regardless of the amount of the cereal grains. In the edible grain drying mode (55), the dry quality of the edible grain according to the set drying speed can be ensured, and in the feed grain drying mode (55), the body cracks suitable for the feed such as pulverized straw are removed. Drying quality as the Hare feed grains can be ensured in a short time.

  According to the invention according to claim 2, in addition to the effect of the invention according to claim 1, the exhaust air return mechanism (21) using exhaust air containing moisture and heat is applied by selecting the edible grain drying mode (55). Energy-saving, high-speed, and high-quality edible rice drying is possible, and the selection of the feed grain drying mode (55) suppresses the return of dust during exhaust air for feed rice with a lot of dust. Emission can be promoted.

  According to the invention of claim 3, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 1 or claim 2, the exhaust fan (6) is rotated at a low speed during the food grain drying mode (55), and the feed grain drying mode (55) Since it rotates at high speed and exhausting air is more urged than at the time of edible cereals, it is possible to promote the discharge of dust for feed rice with a lot of dust.

  According to the invention according to claim 4, in addition to the effects of the invention according to claims 1 to 3, the dust exhaust fan (9) exhausts dust from the stretched grain so that the rotation speed can be switched, and the food grain It is rotated at a low speed in the drying mode (55), and is rotated at a high speed in the feed grain drying mode (55) to promote dust removal from the time of the edible grain. be able to.

The perspective view of the internal structure of the whole grain dryer concerning embodiment of this invention The internal perspective view of the structure of the drying part and grain collection part of the grain dryer of FIG. Configuration diagram of drying section and cereal collection section including the external configuration of the grain dryer of FIG. 1 is a rear perspective view of the main part of the exhaust air discharge section of the grain dryer of FIG. Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the main part of the exhaust air discharge section of the grain dryer of Fig. 1 FIG. 1 is a plan view showing ventilation flow lines in the drying section of the grain dryer of FIG. System configuration diagram of the grain dryer of FIG. Figure showing an example of the mottled layer classification Front view of the control panel of the grain dryer control box of FIG. Flow chart of drying control by selection of drying mode

Embodiments specifically configured based on the above technical idea will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the internal structure of the entire grain dryer 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a state in which the upper part from the storage unit 2 is separated and lifted from the drying unit 3, and the longitudinal direction of the main body is the front-rear direction and the short direction is the left-right direction. FIG. 2 is an internal perspective view of the configuration of the drying unit 3 and the grain collecting unit 4 of the grain dryer 1, and FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of the drying unit 3 and the grain collecting unit 4 including the external configuration. Show.

  The grain dryer 1 is formed with a storage unit 2, a drying unit 3, and a cereal collecting unit 4 in that order from above, and a combustion burner while circulating the grains by driving a groining machine 7 provided on the outer periphery thereof. 5 is a so-called circulation type grain dryer that dries the hot air generated by the combustion of No. 5 and the exhaust fan 6 on the grain in the drying unit 3. The grain outlet of the drying unit 3 is provided with a rotary valve 14 that allows a predetermined amount of grain to flow down while rotating in the forward and reverse directions, and the delivered grain is received by the lower spiral 15 of the grain collecting unit 4 that leads to the groining machine 7. By supplying the spreader (not shown) of the storage unit 2 with the upper transport device 8 connected to the upper side of the groining machine 7, the embedded grains are uniformly accumulated and stored on the entire surface of the storage unit 2.

  A burner case 40 having a large number of slit-like outside air intake ports 50 formed on the front side is attached to the front side of the main body and at the center of the left and right sides of the drying unit 3, and the combustion burner 5 is accommodated in the burner case 40. The combustion disc surface of the combustion burner 5 is placed so as to face the main body. In addition, an exhaust fan 6 is provided at the center of the left and right of the drying unit 3 on the rear side of the main body.

  In the position adjacent to the burner case 40 on the front side of the main body, a grain raising machine 7 is provided for raising the grain, and the upper part of the main body is provided with a transfer spiral and stores the grain raised by the grain raising machine 7. 2 and a dust exhaust fan 9 that sucks and removes foreign matters such as sawdust mixed in the grains being conveyed by the upper conveyance device 8. In addition, a moisture meter 10 for detecting the moisture of the grain is attached to the groining machine 7, and the moisture value is calculated by taking the sample grain out of the grains that are being pulverized and detecting the electrical resistance value for each single grain every set time. .

  In the drying section 3, left and right grain flow passages 13, 13 are installed between the front plate 3a and the back plate 3b of the fuselage, and hot air on the left and right outer sides is sandwiched between the respective grain flow passages 13, 13. The chambers 11 and 11 and the central exhaust chamber 12 are formed. Dry hot air generated by the combustion burner 5 passes through the hot air chamber 11, and the exhaust air chamber 12 communicates with the exhaust air fan 6 at the left and right central portions. A rotary valve 14 that feeds the grain to the cereal collecting unit 4 is provided at the lower end of the grain lowering passage 13, and the grains in the storage unit 2 sequentially pass through the rotation of the rotary valve 14.

(Exhaust air mixing)
4 is a rear perspective view of the main part of the exhaust air discharge unit of the grain dryer 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the main part of the exhaust air discharge unit, and FIG. The top view showing the ventilation streamline of 3 is shown.

  The exhaust air discharge unit is provided with an exhaust air duct 20 projecting from the back plate 3b to the outside of the box, and the exhaust air supply duct 21 is connected to the upper part of the exhaust air duct 20 and communicated forward from the exhaust air duct 20. A fan body 6a is extended from the back plate 3b to the inside of the box toward the inside of the box, and a fixed plate 6c and fan blades 6b are attached so that the tip of the exhaust fan 6 extends into the exhaust chamber 12. Configure. In addition, a fan motor 6d is disposed on the upper portion of the fan body 6a, and a transmission belt 6e is provided on the back side to drive the fan blade 6b.

  Since the fan motor 6d is installed in the exhaust chamber 12 integrally with the exhaust fan 6, a simple fan drive unit by the external fan motor 6d is configured without causing exhaust air leakage to the outside air. Can do. Further, the fan motor 6d is configured such that the rotational speed can be adjusted by a fan inverter 73 described later, which is a rotational speed adjusting means.

  The exhaust fan 6 includes an axial flow type fan blade 6b and a fixed plate 6c that applies pressure to the exhaust air generated by the fan blade 6b inside the circular fan body 6a. A discharge duct 20 having a circular cross section is connected to the discharge side. As described above, the grain dryer 1 according to the present invention has a configuration in which a part of the exhaust air from the exhaust fan 6 is returned and mixed with hot air, and again used for grain drying.

  A configuration for mixing exhaust air will be described. The exhaust air from the exhaust fan 6 is divided into an outflow exhaust to be discharged outside the machine and a return exhaust to be returned to the hot air chamber side. In the exhaust duct 20, the outflow exhaust and the return exhaust are separated. A first control valve 23 serving as an exhaust air adjusting means for adjusting the ratio is provided, and a second exhaust air outlet is provided at the exhaust air inlet of the exhaust air supply duct 21 to adjust the amount of return exhaust air supplied into the exhaust air supply duct 21. A control valve 22 is provided. The first control valve 23 and the second control valve 22 are configured to be rotated by a horizontal axis 23a and a rotation axis 22a, respectively, and the first control valve drive motor 25 is connected to the rotation axis 23a. The second control valve drive motor 26 is also connected to the rotating shaft 22a. The amount of return exhaust air flowing from the exhaust air supply duct 21 into the return duct 27 is appropriately adjusted by the control device 17.

  The exhaust air supply duct 21 is provided from the upper part of the exhaust air fan 6 to the left and right sides, and distributes the return exhaust air to the left and right sides. The return duct 27 that constitutes the exhaust air return means is a cylindrical passage provided in the left and right hot air chambers 11 along the front-rear direction. In the present embodiment, the return duct 27 is formed in a circular shape and is discharged from the exhaust air fan 6. Return part of the exhausted air to the hot air chamber 11 side.

  A heat exhaust air passage case 43 is provided between the main body and the burner case 40. Then, one end of the return duct 27 and the hot exhaust air passage case 43 are connected to each other, and the return exhaust air returned from the return duct 27 is mixed with the hot air generated by the combustion burner 5 in the hot exhaust air passage case 43. .

  Next, the hot air generated by the combustion burner 5 receives the suction action of the exhaust fan 6 and acts as dry hot air on the grains in the downstream passage 13 from the hot air chamber 11, and then partially returns to the return duct 27. Then, a process until it mixes with a hot air in the hot exhaust wind passage case 43 and is supplied to the hot air chamber 11 is demonstrated.

  Hot air generated by the combustion burner 5 is supplied from the burner case 40 to the hot air chamber 11. The hot air in the hot air chamber 11 passes through the grain flowing down the grain flow passage 13 that forms a large number of slits (not shown), acts on the grain, deprives the moisture, and is discharged into the exhaust air chamber 12. The exhaust fan 6 exhausts the exhaust duct 20 as exhaust air.

  Exhaust air in the exhaust air duct 20 is supplied to the heat exhaust air passage case 43 through the return duct 27 through a return duct 27 with an appropriate amount of return exhaust air by controlling the opening degree of the first control valve 23 and the second control valve 22. The hot air generated by the burner 5 is mixed and supplied.

  With the above configuration, the return exhaust air from the exhaust air fan 6 is mixed with the hot air generated by the combustion burner 5 and supplied to the hot air chamber 11, whereby heat in the exhaust air is added to the hot air supplied from the combustion burner 5. The heat can be appropriately applied to the grains in the grain flow passage 13, and the grain temperature can be increased to an appropriate temperature in a short time. Thereby, the water | moisture content transfer inside a grain or between grains can be made active, and high-speed drying can be performed, preventing the twisting of a grain. Moreover, since the absolute humidity of the hot air which acts on the grain of the grain flow path 13 becomes high, the amount of vaporization from the grain surface can be suppressed, and also in this respect, the grain can be prevented from being twisted.

  In addition, as a means to suppress the vaporization of moisture in the grain, the moisture once removed from the grain is returned to the grain and given to the grain, so there is no need for extra combustion to remove the newly humidified humidified water and fuel efficiency. Can be high.

(Control system)
FIG. 7 is a system configuration diagram of the grain dryer 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention. The control device 17 is built in a control box above the burner case 40. As a signal input device to the control device 17, an outside air temperature sensor 70 installed on the outer periphery of the grain dryer 1, a hot air temperature sensor 71 for measuring the temperature of the hot air chamber, a moisture meter 10 provided in the grower 7, and a storage unit An extension amount detection sensor 72 provided at the upper portion of the inner wall 2 is provided, and the control device 17 receives these detection signals and also receives input signals from switches provided on the operation panel 16. Then, the control device 17 includes a combustion burner 5 that generates hot air to be fed into the hot air chamber 11, a first control valve drive motor 25 that drives the first control valve 23 and the second control valve 22 for adjusting the exhaust air amount, and a second control. Output devices such as a valve drive motor 26, a fan inverter 73 that adjusts the rotation speed of the fan motor 6d of the exhaust fan 6 and a power machine such as a grower motor that drives the grower 7 are connected to a signal input device. The operation of these output devices is controlled in accordance with the signal and the input signal from the switches.

(control panel)
FIG. 9 shows a front view of the control panel 16 of the control box. The operation panel 16 has a status display panel 51 showing a state of exhausted air mixed drying in which exhaust air called “Heat Recycle (registered trademark)” is returned on the left side and drying, a tension operation switch 61, a ventilation drying switch 62, An operation panel 52 provided with a drying operation switch 63, a discharge operation switch 64, and a stop switch 65, a sub-panel 53 that indicates the setting and state of the amount of grain on the right side and the set moisture value of the grain, and below that A grain setting button 55 for selecting the type of grain to be dried and a display, a setting button 56 for selecting a drying speed, and an indicator lamp are provided. The grain setting button 55 is provided with feed grains (feed straw) in addition to edible grains such as straw and wheat as selection branches, and is configured to be able to select a drying control pattern for each drying mode. The drying speed setting button 56 is a drying speed setting means for controlling the combustion burner 5 according to the amount of tension by selecting “slow”, “normal”, “fast”, etc. In this case, a setting operation of a desired drying speed is required.

(Drying control process)
The outline of the operation control according to the embodiment of the present invention in the grain dryer 1 having the above configuration will be described.
In the drying operation of edible cereals, in particular, rice bran, circulating the grains stretched in the storage unit 2, supplying dry hot air to the drying unit 3 along the drying speed set by the user, up to the drying target moisture value A Sequentially dry.

  Further, when the user desires to reduce the moisture spots for each grain layer, a moisture spot convergence mode (not shown) may be selected and dried. That is, a round measurement is performed to measure the moisture value of the grain at a plurality of different timings according to the amount of tension while the tension grain in the storage unit 2 is circulated once, and the tension obtained by this round measurement. The vertical moisture distribution state of each grain layer, that is, the degree of moisture spots is grasped (see FIG. 8). And the estimated circulation time required in order to converge this moisture spot in the predetermined width | variety by circulation of a grain is calculated, and a drying circulation operation is performed with the drying speed which reaches the drying target moisture value A in this scheduled circulation time.

  Further, the feed grain drying operation promotes cracking of the body by high-temperature drying at a predetermined drying speed in a high-speed region suitable for the feed grain regardless of the amount of filling. In this case, in order to discharge dust, the exhaust air return control is not applied and the exhaust air is exhausted. In addition, forage grains often do not undergo weeding or disinfection at the growth stage, so weeds are mixed during harvesting and a lot of dust is generated. Therefore, in order to promote the discharge of the mixed dust from the feed grain, the exhaust fan 6 and the dust exhaust fan 9 are increased in speed by the inverter control or the like than the case of the edible grain. In particular, the dust exhaust fan 9 increases the speed of dust removal by increasing the speed in order to effectively discharge the dust that causes fire.

Next, the drying control by two selection modes of edible grains and feed grains will be described in detail.
As shown in the flowchart of FIG. 10, the control process is performed by the first step (hereinafter abbreviated as “S1”) for determining whether or not the feed grain drying mode is appropriate, following the completion of the grain filling process. When “Feed” is selected with the grain setting button 55, the drying operation according to the control pattern of the feed grain drying mode is started by the subsequent ON operation (S2) of the drying operation switch 63. In this feed grain drying mode, it is not necessary to operate the setting button 56 for drying speed.

  The drying operation in the feed grain drying mode is started from the ventilation circulation operation (S3). This ventilation circulation operation is carried out for at least one circulation of circulation, thereby discharging dust in the grain while saving energy.

  Next, energy saving is achieved by performing ventilation circulation operation (S3b) until the moisture value of the grain is determined (S3a) to become less than a predetermined moisture value. The ventilation circulation smoothly shifts to the next high-speed drying (S4) by setting the ventilation circulation within a predetermined ventilation time range.

  In the high-speed drying (S4), high-temperature hot-air drying is performed by controlling the combustion burner 5 at a high-speed region drying speed (for example, 1.2% or more per hour) without applying exhaust air return control regardless of the amount of tension. At the same time, the exhaust fan 6 and the dust exhaust fan 9 are increased in speed to switch to a higher rotational speed than in the case of edible grains to encourage dust exhaust.

  In this high-speed drying control, by stopping the drying of the feed grains by the determination of the target moisture value (S5) (S6), the discharge of a lot of dust mixed in the feed grains is promoted and the high temperature drying is performed. With a drying speed in a high speed region for promoting shell cracking, for example, a drying process suitable for pulverized straw as a feed for birds can be performed.

  In the case of drying edible grains such as edible straw and wheat (S1a), the drying speed is set by setting the drying speed, the target moisture value, and the amount of filling (S1b), and then the drying switch 63 is turned on (S1c). A drying operation (S1d) based on the set drying speed and the amount of tension by applying the wind return control is performed.

  In the drying operation by the exhaust air return control, the drying of the edible cereal is stopped (S1f) by the determination of the target moisture value (S1e), thereby using the exhaust air including moisture and heat for the drying control of the edible grain. The exhaust air return control is applied, and energy-saving, high-speed, high-quality edible grains can be dried.

(Another control example)
Next, another example of drying control in the feed grain drying mode will be described.
The energy-saving drying function can be selected for the feed grain drying mode. Specifically, when the speed setting is set to “slow” in the feed grain drying mode, the drying speed is set to the predetermined high moisture range by ventilation, and after reaching the predetermined moisture or passing through the ventilation for a predetermined time. By providing a control pattern for shifting to hot air drying by minimum combustion without control, energy-saving feed grain drying with minimum fuel consumption becomes possible.

  Moreover, it is comprised so that selection of the drying function for rice hulls about feed grain drying mode is possible. Specifically, when the speed setting is operated to “normal” in the feed grain drying mode, the drying is performed after the predetermined high moisture range is ventilated and the moisture reaches the predetermined moisture or after the predetermined period of time. A control pattern for shifting to hot air drying by control is provided. This control pattern makes it possible to dry feed grains at high speed and energy-saving drying without cracking the body, and thus can be applied to drying pig feeds that are plucked after drying.

  In addition, the fastest drying function can be selected for the feed grain drying mode. Specifically, when the speed setting is operated to the “fastest” speed in the feed grain drying mode, a control pattern according to the upper limit drying speed is provided without initial ventilation regardless of the moisture value of the grain. Since this control pattern enables the fastest drying with shell cracks, it can be applied to high-speed drying for pulverized straw feed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Grain dryer 3 Drying part 5 Combustion burner 6 Exhaust fan 9 Dust exhaust fan 21 Exhaust air return mechanism 52 Operation panel 53 Sub panel 55 Grain setting button 56 Drying speed setting button

Claims (4)

A drying section (3) that includes a combustion burner (5) and an exhaust fan (6), and that is dried by hot air while circulating cereal grains, and a drying speed setting means (56) for setting the drying speed A grain dryer configured to enable the combustion amount control of the combustion burner (5) at a set drying speed by the drying speed setting means (56) corresponding to the grain amount of the stretched grain,
The edible grain drying mode (55) for controlling the drying of the cereal grains at the set drying speed and the feed grain drying mode (55) for controlling the drying at a drying speed in a predetermined high speed region regardless of the amount of the squeezing can be selected. A grain dryer characterized by being provided.   The drying section (3) is equipped with an exhaust air return mechanism (21) for mixing and drying the exhaust air returned from the exhaust air fan (6) into hot air, and this exhaust air return mechanism (21). The grain dryer according to claim 1, wherein the grain dryer is selectively applied only in the edible grain drying mode (55).   The exhaust fan (6) is configured to be able to switch the rotation speed between a high speed and a low speed and to switch between a high speed and a low speed in accordance with a drying mode (55) of the feed grain and the food grain. The grain dryer according to claim 1 or 2. The drying section (3) includes a dust exhaust fan (9) that discharges dust in the stretched grain, and the dust exhaust fan (9) is configured to be able to switch the rotation speed between high speed and low speed, The grain dryer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the grain dryer is switched between a high speed and a low speed in accordance with a drying mode (55) of the feed grain and the edible grain.

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