JP6056448B2 - 有機発光ダイオード素子 - Google Patents
有機発光ダイオード素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6056448B2 JP6056448B2 JP2012277130A JP2012277130A JP6056448B2 JP 6056448 B2 JP6056448 B2 JP 6056448B2 JP 2012277130 A JP2012277130 A JP 2012277130A JP 2012277130 A JP2012277130 A JP 2012277130A JP 6056448 B2 JP6056448 B2 JP 6056448B2
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- 150000007978 oxazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPRIERYVMZVKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-quaterphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 GPRIERYVMZVKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004115 pentoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001828 phenalenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC3=CC=CC1=C23)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PARWUHTVGZSQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C1=CC=CC=C1 PARWUHTVGZSQPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005235 piperonyl butoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006290 polyethylene naphthalate film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- XPGAWFIWCWKDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-olate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-] XPGAWFIWCWKDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVIKMJYUMZPZFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CC(C)O.CC(C)O KVIKMJYUMZPZFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPQVVAFBSNIQLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-olate;tin(2+) Chemical compound CC(C)O[Sn]OC(C)C GPQVVAFBSNIQLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UIDUKLCLJMXFEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylsilane Chemical compound CCC[SiH3] UIDUKLCLJMXFEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pteridine Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=NC=CN=C21 CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEPOUCHBIJXQFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazabole Chemical compound [B-]1N2C=CC=[N+]2[B-][N+]2=CC=CN12 VEPOUCHBIJXQFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical class O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrylium Chemical compound C1=CC=[O+]C=C1 WVIICGIFSIBFOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical class C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLJHXMRDIWMMGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 DLJHXMRDIWMMGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003252 quinoxalines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005546 reactive sputtering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001022 rhodamine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZFIXCCGFYSQSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Ag] MZFIXCCGFYSQSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Ag] BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YRGLXIVYESZPLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-I tantalum pentafluoride Chemical compound F[Ta](F)(F)(F)F YRGLXIVYESZPLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- XPQYLUGYVZNMLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum(5+);2,2,2-trifluoroethanolate Chemical compound [Ta+5].[O-]CC(F)(F)F.[O-]CC(F)(F)F.[O-]CC(F)(F)F.[O-]CC(F)(F)F.[O-]CC(F)(F)F XPQYLUGYVZNMLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFCAKJKUYFLYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutyltin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC AFCAKJKUYFLYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXMNGLIMQIPFEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethoxygermane Chemical compound CCO[Ge](OCC)(OCC)OCC GXMNGLIMQIPFEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWWNQEOPUOCKGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethyltin Chemical compound CC[Sn](CC)(CC)CC RWWNQEOPUOCKGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVVUGWBBCDFNSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraisocyanatosilane Chemical compound O=C=N[Si](N=C=O)(N=C=O)N=C=O UVVUGWBBCDFNSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACOVYJCRYLWRLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethoxygermane Chemical compound CO[Ge](OC)(OC)OC ACOVYJCRYLWRLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXKWYPOMXBVZSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyltin Chemical compound C[Sn](C)(C)C VXKWYPOMXBVZSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTGNPNLBCGBCMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraoctylstannane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Sn](CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC JTGNPNLBCGBCMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropan-2-yl silicate Chemical compound CC(C)O[Si](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropyl silicate Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran Chemical compound S1C=CC=C=C1 IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(II) chloride (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sn+2] AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium ethoxide Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- WOZZOSDBXABUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tri(butan-2-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].CCC(C)[O-].CCC(C)[O-].CCC(C)[O-] WOZZOSDBXABUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- MYWQGROTKMBNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxyalumane Chemical compound [Al+3].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] MYWQGROTKMBNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XVYIJOWQJOQFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(fluoro)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](F)(OCC)OCC XVYIJOWQJOQFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VCSUQOHFBBQHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)stannane Chemical compound CCO[Sn](C)(OCC)OCC VCSUQOHFBBQHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USLHPQORLCHMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxygallane Chemical compound CCO[Ga](OCC)OCC USLHPQORLCHMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUZKVHDUZDJKHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl arsorite Chemical compound CCO[As](OCC)OCC BUZKVHDUZDJKHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl borate Chemical compound CCOB(OCC)OCC AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGOJQVLHSPGMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl stiborite Chemical compound [Sb+3].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] JGOJQVLHSPGMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylborane Chemical compound CCB(CC)CC LALRXNPLTWZJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydridoboron Substances B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000025 triisopropylsilyl group Chemical group C(C)(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCC(F)(F)F JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBNVCJHJRYJVPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(4-trimethylsilylbuta-1,3-diynyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C#CC#C[Si](C)(C)C LBNVCJHJRYJVPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXFSUVJPEQYUGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(phenyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 KXFSUVJPEQYUGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCGLONGLPGISNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(prop-1-ynyl)silane Chemical compound CC#C[Si](C)(C)C DCGLONGLPGISNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYWCXWRMUZYRPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(prop-2-enyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)CC=C HYWCXWRMUZYRPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYIODRUWWNNGPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(trimethylsilylmethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C[Si](C)(C)C GYIODRUWWNNGPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilane Chemical compound C[SiH](C)C PQDJYEQOELDLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIOVKLKJSOKLIF-HJWRWDBZSA-N trimethylsilyl (1z)-n-trimethylsilylethanimidate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OC(/C)=N\[Si](C)(C)C SIOVKLKJSOKLIF-HJWRWDBZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CWMFRHBXRUITQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilylacetylene Chemical group C[Si](C)(C)C#C CWMFRHBXRUITQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003960 triphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 1
- NHDIQVFFNDKAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropan-2-yl borate Chemical compound CC(C)OB(OC(C)C)OC(C)C NHDIQVFFNDKAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIRKRMUMWJFNRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(dimethylamino)silicon Chemical compound CN(C)[Si](N(C)C)N(C)C GIRKRMUMWJFNRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCHZCUMIENIQMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl)silicon Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)[Si]([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C SCHZCUMIENIQMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O.CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Description
前記第一の樹脂基材上に配置されたバリア層と、
前記バリア層上に配置された平滑層と、
前記平滑層上に配置された発光ユニットと、
前記発光ユニットを封止剤により封止した第二の樹脂基材と、を有し、
前記平滑層の膜厚をAnmとし、前記第二の樹脂基材の膜厚をBμmとしたとき、
0.001B≦A≦0.07B、15μm≦B≦100μm、100nm≦A≦1000nmを満たし、
前記平滑層が、ポリシラザンを含む膜の改質膜であり、
前記封止剤が、エポキシ系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂およびウレタン系樹脂からなる群から選択された少なくとも1種を成分として含む樹脂(接着剤)である有機発光ダイオード素子。
下記条件(i)〜(iii):
(i)ケイ素の原子比、酸素の原子比及び炭素の原子比が、該層の膜厚の90%以上の領域において下記式(1):
(酸素の原子比)>(ケイ素の原子比)>(炭素の原子比)・・・(1)
で表される条件を満たすこと、または、ケイ素の原子比、酸素の原子比及び炭素の原子比が、該層の膜厚の90%以上の領域において下記式(2):
(炭素の原子比)>(ケイ素の原子比)>(酸素の原子比)・・・(2)
で表される条件を満たすこと、
(ii)前記炭素分布曲線が少なくとも1つの極値を有すること、
(iii)前記炭素分布曲線における炭素の原子比の最大値及び最小値の差の絶対値が5at%以上であること、
を満たす前記1に記載の有機発光ダイオード素子。
本発明のOLED素子は、第一の樹脂基材と、第一の樹脂基材上に配置されたバリア層と、バリア層上に配置された平滑層と、平滑層上に配置された発光ユニットと、発光ユニットを封止剤により封止した第二の樹脂基材と、を有する。さらに、平滑層の膜厚をAnmとし、第二の樹脂基材の膜厚をBμmとしたとき、0.001B≦A≦0.07B、15μm≦B≦100μm、100nm≦A≦1000nmを満たすことが特徴である。
第一の樹脂基材は、その上に積層する素子全体を支持する役割を果たす。また、第一の樹脂基材側から光を取り出す場合には、第一の樹脂基材は透明であることが好ましい。第一の樹脂基材は、素子にある程度の柔軟性を与えることができ、素子を支持する役割を担うことができれば、特に制限はないが、好ましくは、以下の樹脂フィルムを使用することができる。
バリア層は、酸素や水分の透過を防ぐガスバリア性を有し、発光ユニットを外部環境の酸素や水分から保護する役割を有している。このようなガスバリア性を有していれば、バリア層は特に制限なく従来のものを使用できる。バリア層は複数層からなっていてもよく、第一の樹脂基材の少なくとも片面に形成される。バリア層のうちの少なくとも1層がケイ素、酸素及び炭素を含有する層であることが好ましく、バリア層のうちの少なくとも1層は窒素、アルミニウムを更に含有していてもよい。
下記条件(i)〜(iii):
(i)ケイ素の原子比、酸素の原子比及び炭素の原子比が、該層の膜厚の90%以上の領域において下記式(1):
(酸素の原子比)>(ケイ素の原子比)>(炭素の原子比)・・・(1)
で表される条件を満たすこと、または、ケイ素の原子比、酸素の原子比及び炭素の原子比が、該層の膜厚の90%以上の領域において下記式(2):
(炭素の原子比)>(ケイ素の原子比)>(酸素の原子比)・・・(2)
で表される条件を満たすこと、
(ii)前記炭素分布曲線が少なくとも1つの極値を有すること、
(iii)前記炭素分布曲線における炭素の原子比の最大値及び最小値の差の絶対値が5at%以上であること、を満たす。このような構成のバリア層を有することにより、ガスバリア性により優れたOLED素子となる。
(dC/dx)≦0.5・・・(F1)
で表される条件を満たすことをいう。
(CH3)6Si2O+12O2→6CO2+9H2O+2SiO2(1)
のような反応が起こり、二酸化ケイ素が製造される。このような反応においては、ヘキサメチルジシロキサン1モルを完全酸化するのに必要な酸素量は12モルである。そのため、成膜ガス中に、ヘキサメチルジシロキサン1モルに対して酸素を12モル以上含有させて完全に反応させた場合には、均一な二酸化ケイ素膜が形成されてしまうため、原料のガス流量比を理論比である完全反応の原料比以下の流量を制御して、非完全反応を遂行させる。つまりヘキサメチルジシロキサン1モルに対して酸素量を化学量論比の12モルより少なくする必要がある。
平滑層は、上記のように形成したバリア層の表面の凹凸を平坦にするために、第一の電極の下地として形成される。本発明では、平滑層と、後述する第二の樹脂基材との厚みを制御することに特徴がある。平滑層の膜厚Anmは、上記の通り100nm<A<1000nmである。平滑層の膜厚が100nmを下回ると、平滑層の表面の凹凸が大きくなるため、素子がダメージを受けやすく、その結果ダークスポットが発生しやすくなる。また、熱による素子の反りも大きくなる傾向にある。一方、平滑層の膜厚が1000nmを超えると、熱による反りは低減されるが、平滑層は固くて脆くなり、屈曲の際に割れが生じやすい。
e+Xe→e+Xe*
Xe*+Xe+Xe→Xe2 *+Xe
となり、励起されたエキシマ分子であるXe2 *が基底状態に遷移するときに172nmのエキシマ光を発光する。
第一の電極および第二の電極は、少なくとも一方が金属透明導電層からなる透明電極で構成されることが好ましい。金属透明導電層は、光透過性を保てる程度、かつ、照射された光がプラズモン損失されない程度に極薄い金属膜である。さらに、金属透明導電層は、導電性を有する程度に連続した金属膜である。具体的には、波長550nmにおける光透過率が60%以上であり、膜厚が1〜30nmであり、シート抵抗が0.0001〜50Ω/□、好ましくは0.01〜30Ω/□である。
金属透明導電層は、銀又は銀を主成分とする合金を用いて構成された層であって、窒素含有層に隣接して成膜された層である。このような金属透明導電層の成膜方法としては、塗布法、インクジェット法、コーティング法、ディップ法などのウェットプロセスを用いる方法や、蒸着法(抵抗加熱、EB法など)、スパッタ法、CVD法などのドライプロセスを用いる方法などが挙げられる。なかでも蒸着法が好ましく適用される。また、金属透明導電層は、窒素含有層上に成膜されることにより、成膜後の高温アニール処理等がなくても十分に導電性を有することを特徴とするが、必要に応じて、成膜後に高温アニール処理等を行ってもよい。
窒素含有層は、窒素原子を含んだ化合物を用いて構成された層であり、金属透明導電層に隣接して設けられる。窒素含有層は、薄膜層12上に成膜される場合、塗布法、インクジェット法、コーティング法、ディップ法などのウェットプロセスを用いる方法や、蒸着法(抵抗加熱、EB法など)、スパッタ法、CVD法などのドライプロセスを用いる方法等によって形成される。なかでも蒸着法が好ましく適用される。
発光ユニットは、全体的な層構造が限定されることはなく、一般的な層構造を有していてよい。一例として、陽極となる第二の電極側から順に、「正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層」を積層した構成が例示される。この構成のうち、少なくとも有機材料を用いた発光層を有することが必須である。正孔注入層及び正孔輸送層は、正孔輸送/注入層として設けられてもよい。電子輸送層及び電子注入層は、電子輸送/注入層として設けられてもよい。また発光ユニットを構成する各層のうち、例えば電子注入層は無機材料で構成されていてもよい。
発光ユニットに用いられる発光層は、発光材料として燐光発光化合物が含有されている。この発光層は、電極又は電子輸送層から注入された電子と、正孔輸送層から注入された正孔とが再結合して発光する層であり、発光する部分は発光層の層内であっても発光層と隣接する層との界面であってもよい。
発光層に含有されるホスト化合物としては、室温(25℃)における燐光発光の燐光量子収率が0.1未満の化合物が好ましい。さらに燐光量子収率が0.01未満であることが好ましい。また、発光層に含有される化合物の中で、その層中での体積比が50%以上であることが好ましい。
発光ユニットの発光層に用いられる発光材料としては、燐光発光性化合物(燐光性化合物、燐光発光材料ともいう)が挙げられる。燐光発光性化合物は、励起三重項からの発光が観測される化合物であり、具体的には室温(25℃)にて燐光発光する化合物であり、燐光量子収率が25℃において0.01以上の化合物であると定義されるが、好ましい燐光量子収率は0.1以上である。
発光層に含まれる化合物(燐光発光性化合物)は、下記一般式(7)で表される化合物であることが好ましい。
一般式(7)で表される化合物の中でも、下記一般式(8)で表される化合物であることがさらに好ましい。
上記一般式(8)で表される化合物の好ましい態様の一つとして、下記一般式(9)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
蛍光発光材料としては、クマリン系色素、ピラン系色素、シアニン系色素、クロコニウム系色素、スクアリウム系色素、オキソベンツアントラセン系色素、フルオレセイン系色素、ローダミン系色素、ピリリウム系色素、ペリレン系色素、スチルベン系色素、ポリチオフェン系色素、又は希土類錯体系蛍光体等が挙げられる。
(注入層:電子注入層、正孔注入層)
注入層とは、駆動電圧低下や発光輝度向上のために電極と発光層の間に設けられる層のことで、「有機EL素子とその工業化最前線(1998年11月30日エヌ・ティー・エス社発行)」の第2編第2章「電極材料」(123〜166頁)に詳細に記載されており、正孔注入層と電子注入層とがある。
正孔輸送層は、正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、広い意味で正孔注入層、電子阻止層も正孔輸送層に含まれる。正孔輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層は、電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、広い意味で電子注入層、正孔阻止層(図示せず)も電子輸送層に含まれる。電子輸送層は単層構造又は複数層の積層構造として設けることができる。
阻止層は、上述の有機化合物薄膜の基本構成層の他に、必要に応じて設けられる。例えば、特開平11−204258号公報、同11−204359号公報、及び「有機EL素子とその工業化最前線(1998年11月30日エヌ・ティー・エス社発行)」の237頁等に記載されている正孔阻止(ホールブロック)層がある。
発光ユニットは、封止剤を用いて、後述の第二の樹脂基材で第一の電極上に封止する。第二の樹脂基材は、その機能の面から封止部材とも称し、封止剤は封止部材を第一の電極に接着する役割も果たす。
第二の樹脂基材は、本発明では、前述の平滑層と共に膜厚を制御し、OLED素子全体の反りや膜剥がれを防止する。第二の樹脂基材の膜厚Bは、上述した通り15μm<B<100μmである。第二の樹脂基材が15μmを下回ると、熱による反りは低減されるが、素子が外部の圧力に弱くなり、その結果ダークスポットが多くなる。一方、第二の樹脂基材が100μmを上回ると、各層間の接着バランスがずれることにより、屈曲の際に膜剥がれが発生しやすくなる。
本発明のOLED素子は、平滑層と第二の樹脂基材との膜厚の規定により、素子の反りや膜剥がれ防止の効果が得られる範囲で、上記した以外に任意の層を含んでいてもよい。例えば、第一の樹脂基材とバリア層との間、平滑層と第一の電極との間に、それぞれの層の密着性の向上を目的として下地層を形成してもよい。さらに、第一の樹脂基材中から未反応のオリゴマーなどが表面へ移行して、接触する面を汚染してしまう現象を抑制する目的で、第一の樹脂基材のバリア層が形成される面とは反対側の面にブリードアウト層を設けてもよい。
1.基材
基材として、2軸延伸ポリエチレンナフタレートフィルム(PENフィルム、厚み:100μm、幅:350mm、帝人デュポンフィルム(株)製、商品名「テオネックスQ65FA」)を60mm×60mmに裁断して用いた。
基材の易接着面に、UV硬化型有機/無機ハイブリッドハードコート材 OPSTAR Z7501(JSR株式会社製)を乾燥後の膜厚が4μmになるようにワイヤーバーで塗布した。80℃で3分乾燥した後、空気雰囲気下にて高圧水銀ランプ使用して1.0J/cm2の照射を行って硬化し、下地層を形成した。
第一の樹脂基材を上述した図4に記載の製造装置であるプラズマCVD装置に装着して、下記製膜条件(プラズマCVD条件)にて上記下地層を形成した基材上に、バリア層を300nmの厚さで作製した。
(製膜条件)
原料ガス(ヘキサメチルジシロキサン HMDSO)の供給量:50sccm(Standard Cubic Centimeter per Minute)
酸素ガス(O2)の供給量:500sccm
真空チャンバー内の真空度:3Pa
プラズマ発生用電源からの印加電力:1.2kW
プラズマ発生用電源の周波数:80kHz
フィルムの搬送速度:0.5m/min。
(ポリヒドロキシエチルメタアクリレート(分子量2万)塗布液)
ポリヒドロキシエチルメタアクリレート(分子量2万)の10質量%イソプロピルアルコール溶液を、塗布液とした。
上記塗布液をワイヤレスバーにて、乾燥後の平均膜厚が300nmとなるように塗布し、温度85℃、湿度55%RHの雰囲気下で10分間処理して乾燥させて、平滑層を作成した。
上記平滑層が形成された基材を、市販の真空蒸着装置の基材ホルダーに固定し、真空蒸着装置の真空槽に取り付けた。また、タングステン製の抵抗加熱ボートに銀(Ag)を入れ、当該真空槽内に取り付けた。次に、真空槽を4×10−4Paまで減圧した後、抵抗加熱ボートを通電して加熱し、蒸着速度0.1nm/秒〜0.2nm/秒で、銀からなる第1電極層を8nmの膜厚で形成した。
引き続き、市販の真空蒸着装置を用い、真空度1×10−4Paまで減圧した後、透明支持基板を移動させながら化合物HT−1を、蒸着速度0.1nm/秒で蒸着し、20nmの正孔輸送層(HTL)を設けた。
陰極までを作製した試料を、厚さ12μmのポリエチレンテレフタレートに20μmのアルミ箔を貼りつけた封止材の片面に熱硬化型の液状接着剤(エポキシ系樹脂)を厚さ30μmで塗設してある封止部材を用いて、素子の第1電極、第2電極の引き出し電極の端部が外にでるように、封止部材の接着剤面と素子の有機機能層面を連続的に重ね合わせ、ドライラミネート法により接着を行った。
下記条件にてXPSデプスプロファイル測定を行い、膜厚方向のバリア層の表面からの距離における、ケイ素元素分布、酸素元素分布、炭素元素分布および窒素炭素分布を得た。
エッチングレート(SiO2熱酸化膜換算値):0.05nm/sec
エッチング間隔(SiO2換算値):10nm
X線光電子分光装置:Thermo Fisher Scientific社製、機種名「VG Theta Probe」
照射X線:単結晶分光AlKα
X線のスポット及びそのサイズ:800×400μmの楕円形
屈折率測定には分光エリプソメーター(日本分光社製 ELC−300)を用いて薄膜中の屈折率分布を測定した。
(1)リーク電流
定電圧電源を用いて、逆方向の電圧(逆バイアス)を5Vを5秒間印加し、その時有機EL素子に流れる電流を測定した。サンプル10枚の発光領域について測定を行い、最大電流値をリーク電流とした。平滑層が薄いと、バリア層の凹凸が平たんにならないことにより、リークやダークスポットが発生する。
<リーク電流特性の評価ランク>
◎:最大電流値が1×10−6A未満
○:最大電流値が1×10−6A以上、1×10−5A未満
△:最大電流値が1×10−5A以上、1×10−3A未満
×:最大電流値が1×10−3A以上。
東洋テクニカ(株)製 ソースメジャーユニット2400型を用いて、直流電圧5Vを有機EL素子に印加し発光させた。この際、100cd/m2で発光させた時のダークスポットの数(1画素(50μm×150μm)相当分の数)を100倍のルーペを使用し目視で計測した。
<ダークスポットの評価ランク>
◎:ダークスポットの発生がない。
○:ダークスポットが1個以上、5個未満
△:ダークスポットが5個以上、20個未満
×:ダークスポットが20個以上。
試料を温度80℃湿度80%RHの条件下に100時間投入し、投入後温度25℃湿度20%の雰囲気下で封止材を上に向けて試料を水平な台上に凸面を下にして置く。試験片の四つ角と台との距離を測定し、その算術平均値を反りとして、測定した。
<反りの評価ランク>
◎:反りが0mm以上1mm未満
○:反りが1mm以上2mm未満
△:反りが2mm以上5mm未満
×:反りが5mm以上。
発光素子を、半径が10mmの曲率になるように、180度の角度で100回の屈曲を繰り返した後、直流電圧5Vを有機EL素子に印加し発光させ、マイクロスコープ(モリテックス社製MS−804、レンズMP−ZW25−200)で発光面積を測定し、Win Roof(三谷商事製)を用いて画像解析を行い、初期発行面積に対する非発光面積の割合を測定した。平滑層が厚いと脆くなり、屈曲させた時に膜が破損して、ダークスポットが発生する。
<屈曲テストの評価ランク>
◎:0%(ダークスポットの発生がない。)
○:0%以上1%未満
△:1%以上2%未満
×:2%以上
〈OLED素子サンプル201の作製 実施例2−1〉
下地層を形成後のバリア層の製膜条件を下記のように変更した以外は、OLED素子サンプル104と同様にOLED素子サンプル201を作製した。
(製膜条件)
原料ガス(ヘキサメチルジシロキサン HMDSO)の供給量:50sccm(Standard Cubic Centimeter per Minute)
酸素ガス(O2)の供給量:500sccm
真空チャンバー内の真空度:3Pa
プラズマ発生用電源からの印加電力:0.8kW
プラズマ発生用電源の周波数:80kHz
フィルムの搬送速度:1.2m/min
この時、得られた炭素分布曲線は、複数の明確な極値を有しており、炭素の原子比の最大値及び最小値の差の絶対値が8.5at%であった。
〈OLED素子サンプル301の作製 実施例3−1〉
バリア層形成後に、以下の平滑層を形成した以外は、OLED素子サンプル104と同様にOLED素子サンプル301を作製した。
(ポリシラザン層塗布液)
パーヒドロポリシラザン(アクアミカ NN120−10、無触媒タイプ、AZエレクトロニックマテリアルズ(株)製)の10質量%ジブチルエーテル溶液を、ポリシラザン層塗布液とした。
ポリシラザン層塗布液を、ワイヤレスバーにて、乾燥後の平均膜厚が100nmとなるように塗布し、温度85℃、湿度55%RHの雰囲気下で1分間処理して乾燥させ、更に温度25℃、湿度10%RH(露点温度−8℃)の雰囲気下に10分間保持し、除湿処理を行って、ポリシラザン層を形成した。
次に、形成したポリシラザン層に対し、下記紫外線装置の真空チャンバー内に設置して、シリカ転化処理を実施した。
装置:株式会社 エム・ディ・コム製エキシマ照射装置MODEL:MECL−M−1−200
照射波長:172nm
ランプ封入ガス:Xe
(改質処理条件)
稼動ステージ上に固定したポリシラザン層を形成した基材に対し、以下の条件で改質処理を行って、ガスバリア層を形成した。
試料と光源の距離:1mm
ステージ加熱温度:70℃
照射装置内の酸素濃度:1.0%
エキシマランプ照射時間:5秒。
上記のように作製した実施例3−1のサンプル301について、実施例1−4と同様に評価した。評価結果は、比較のための試料104と共に下記の表5に示す。
OLED素子サンプル104の陰極までを作製した試料を、厚さ12μmのポリエチレンテレフタレートに20μmのアルミ箔を貼りつけた部材の片面にUV光硬化型の液状接着剤(ナガセケムテックス株式会社製、UV RESIN XNR5570−B1)を厚さ30μmで塗設してある封止部材を用いて、素子の第1電極、第2電極の引き出し電極の端部が外にでるように、封止部材の接着剤面と素子の有機機能層面を連続的に重ね合わせて接着を行い、試料401を作成した。
2 バリア層、
3 平滑層
4 第一の電極、
5 発光ユニット、
6 第二の電極、
7 封止剤、
8 第二の樹脂基材、
9 金属層、
10 OLED素子、
30 製造装置、
31 送り出しロール、
32、33、34、35 搬送ロール、
36、37 成膜ロール
38 ガス供給管、
39 プラズマ発生用電源、
40 第一の樹脂基材、
41、42 磁場発生装置、
43 巻き取りロール。
Claims (3)
- 第一の樹脂基材と、
前記第一の樹脂基材上に配置されたバリア層と、
前記バリア層上に配置された平滑層と、
前記平滑層上に配置された発光ユニットと、
前記発光ユニットを封止剤により封止した第二の樹脂基材と、を有し、
前記平滑層の膜厚をAnmとし、前記第二の樹脂基材の膜厚をBμmとしたとき、
0.001B≦A≦0.07B、15μm≦B≦100μm、100nm≦A≦1000nmを満たし、
前記平滑層が、ポリシラザンを含む膜の改質膜であり、
前記封止剤が、エポキシ系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂およびウレタン系樹脂からなる群から選択された少なくとも1種を成分として含む樹脂(接着剤)である有機発光ダイオード素子。 - 前記バリア層が、ケイ素、酸素及び炭素を含有しており、該層の膜厚方向における該層の表面からの距離と、ケイ素原子、酸素原子及び炭素原子の合計量に対するケイ素原子の量の比率(ケイ素の原子比)、酸素原子の量の比率(酸素の原子比)及び炭素原子の量の比率(炭素の原子比)との関係をそれぞれ示すケイ素分布曲線、酸素分布曲線及び炭素分布曲線において、
下記条件(i)〜(iii):
(i)ケイ素の原子比、酸素の原子比及び炭素の原子比が、該層の膜厚の90%以上の領域において下記式(1):
(酸素の原子比)>(ケイ素の原子比)>(炭素の原子比)・・・(1)
で表される条件を満たすこと、または、ケイ素の原子比、酸素の原子比及び炭素の原子比が、該層の膜厚の90%以上の領域において下記式(2):
(炭素の原子比)>(ケイ素の原子比)>(酸素の原子比)・・・(2)
で表される条件を満たすこと、
(ii)前記炭素分布曲線が少なくとも1つの極値を有すること、
(iii)前記炭素分布曲線における炭素の原子比の最大値及び最小値の差の絶対値が5at%以上であること、
を満たす請求項1に記載の有機発光ダイオード素子。 - 前記封止剤は熱硬化型樹脂である請求項1または2に記載の有機発光ダイオード素子。
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