JP6046112B2 - Method for producing compost using duckweeds - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing compost using duckweeds. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for obtaining compost by mixing duckweeds with agricultural waste.

Conventionally, a method for obtaining vegetable oil by squeezing plant oils and fats is known. Palm oil is extracted from oil palm and used for various purposes.
A large amount of waste and wastewater are produced after oil and fat is extracted in the palm oil extraction process. The waste after palm extraction is called a palm extraction residue (EFB), and the waste water after palm extraction is called palm extraction waste (POME).
At present, most of these palm oil residues and palm oil wastewater are disposed of and are not being used effectively. In addition, methane gas and greenhouse gas are generated from these palm oil residue and palm oil wastewater, which is a problem from the viewpoint of environmental protection.

  Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a method of returning palm waste liquid and palm residue as compost to the field. In Non-Patent Document 1, it is said that not only methane gas but also greenhouse gas (GHG) emission can be suppressed by reusing a mixture of palm waste liquid and palm residue.

Comparison of different treatment options for palm oil productionwaste on a life cycle basis, Int J Life Cycle Assess, 2010,15: 907-915

  However, the method disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 has a problem that it is difficult to obtain compost having a fine grain size and high maturity. In other words, no method has yet been found for reusing palm oil residue instead of highly matured compost.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for effectively producing compost from agricultural waste such as palm oil residue and making agricultural waste resource-rich.

  The first aspect of the present invention relates to a method for producing compost using duckweeds. That is, the present invention relates to a method for recovering agricultural waste as usable compost.

The method for producing compost using duckweed includes a step of obtaining a duckweed mixture and a culture step of obtaining compost.
Agricultural waste includes plant residues such as oil palm. Vegetable residue means solid waste after collecting fruit juice, pulp and oil from plants. Duckweed is a collection of duckweeds cultured in a water culture system. The step of obtaining a duckweed mixture is a step of mixing agricultural waste and duckweed to obtain a mixture of agricultural waste and duckweed. A culture process is a process of cultivating a duckweed mixture and obtaining compost.

  By having the above configuration, the present invention can obtain compost having a fine particle size. Moreover, aged compost can be obtained by mixing and cultivating agricultural waste and duckweed.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the duckweed mixture further contains an inoculum.
By having the said structure, this invention can accelerate | stimulate maturation of compost. Thereby, compost with high maturity can be obtained in a short period of time.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the agricultural waste is palm oil residue.
By having the said structure, this invention can utilize effectively the large amount of residue obtained at a palm oil extraction process.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the duckweed is one or more duckweeds selected from the group consisting of daphnia, duckweed, duckweed, red duckweed (Azolla), water hyacinth, button duckweed, giant canadian, cocanada, offofamo, and salamander. is there.
By having the said structure, this invention can accelerate | stimulate maturation of compost. Thereby, compost with high maturity can be obtained.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, duckweeds are obtained by cultivating duckweeds in a culture solution containing palm oil waste and recovering the grown duckweeds.
By having the said structure, this invention can resource-use both a perm | palm extraction waste liquid and a perm | palm extraction residue. In addition, duckweed cultivated in a culture solution containing palm oil waste liquid contains abundant components such as organic phosphoric acid, nitrogen, and potassium, which are compost active ingredients, so that compost with higher nutritional value can be obtained. .

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the culturing step is a step of culturing the duckweed mixture in an environment of 15 ° C. or higher and 110 ° C. or lower for 1 week or longer and 12 months or shorter.
By having the said structure, this invention can accelerate | stimulate maturation of compost. Thereby, compost with high maturity can be obtained in a short period of time.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the culture step further includes a step of mixing and stirring the duckweed mixture.
By having the said structure, this invention can activate an aerobic inoculum and can accelerate | stimulate the ripening of a compost more. Thereby, compost with high maturity can be obtained in a short period of time.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the duckweed mixture contains 25 to 99 wt% agricultural waste and 0.1 to 20 wt% inoculum when the duckweed mixture is 100 parts by weight. Is.
By having the said structure, this invention can accelerate | stimulate the maturing of a compost efficiently. Thereby, compost with high maturity can be obtained in a short period of time.

The second aspect of the present invention relates to a compost obtained by the above-described compost manufacturing method.
The compost obtained by the method described above has a fine grain size and is matured. For this reason, it is easy to use and highly useful as a highly nutritious compost.
In addition, since the compost according to the present invention contains fiber derived from agricultural waste in the compost, it is possible to efficiently store moisture and nutrients in the compost. Thereby, compost having high fertilizer can be obtained. Furthermore, the compost according to the present invention has a high utility value as compost because it can retain a large number of microorganisms in the compost and has a soil improvement ability.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method capable of effectively making agricultural waste a resource. Specifically, a method for obtaining compost from palm residue can be provided.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a process of creating a fully-ripened compost from agricultural waste. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a state of palm oil residue and duckweed before culture. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a state of palm oil residue and duckweed after culture. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state of palm oil residue and duckweed after culture. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing changes over time in the cultivation process of palm oil residue and duckweed. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the results of culturing while changing the mixing ratio of palm oil residue, duckweed, and inoculum.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the method for producing compost using duckweed according to the present invention obtains compost having high maturity by mixing, stirring, and cultivating agricultural waste and duckweed. In the present invention, compost having a fine particle size and high nutritional value can be obtained by mixing and cultivating agricultural waste and duckweed.

The method for producing compost using duckweed includes a step of obtaining a duckweed mixture and a culture step of obtaining compost.
Agricultural waste refers to those containing plant residues such as oil palm. Vegetable residue means solid waste after collecting fruit juice, pulp and oil from plants. Duckweed is a collection of duckweeds cultured in a water culture system. The step of obtaining a duckweed mixture is a step of mixing agricultural waste and duckweed to obtain a mixture of agricultural waste and duckweed. A culture process is a process of cultivating a duckweed mixture and obtaining compost.

(1. About agricultural waste)
The process of obtaining agricultural waste is a process of obtaining plant residues such as oil palm, corn or coconut. Plant residue refers to solid waste after collecting juice, pulp and oil from plants. Agricultural waste may be the residue of one type of plant or a mixture of multiple types of plants.
The agricultural waste may contain water such as fruit juice remaining in the plant. Agricultural waste that has been dried to remove moisture may also be used. Agricultural waste is mixed with duckweed with a high water content and cultured, so it can be used with agricultural waste with a low water content.

  Agricultural waste may be a mixture of residues other than plant residues. For example, an animal residue such as an animal carcass or bone powder, or an ash content after burning animals and plants may be used. Agricultural wastes that can be used in the present invention are not limited to specific plant residues, and a wide variety of wastes can be used.

  The oil palm residue (palm oil residue) after extracting palm oil can be used suitably for this invention. Palm oil is collected from the pulp and seeds of oil palm. Palm oil is widely used not only for food but also for cosmetics. Since oil palm is cultivated for the purpose of squeezing the palm oil, a large amount of palm squeezed residue is generated. And since the palm oil extraction residue is discarded, it can be obtained cheaply.

  Palm oil extraction residue is a fibrous solid residue. The fiber of palm oil residue is hard and has poor handling. Moreover, since the fibers of the palm oil extraction residue are entangled with each other to form a brick, a large processing space is required for landfill processing. In addition, since palm oil residue contains water, incineration is not preferable in terms of energy cost.

  In the present invention, compost can be easily obtained simply by mixing and cultivating palm oil residue and duckweed that can be obtained in large quantities and at low cost. Compost, which is a mixture of palm oil residue and duckweed and aged by culturing, has a fine particle size and high density. Moreover, the fiber of the palm oil residue remaining in the compost after aging is softened.

  Since the present invention manufactures compost by combining an inexpensive palm oil residue and duckweeds, the raw material cost can be kept very low. In addition, the mixture of palm oil residue and duckweed need only be left in a room temperature environment and cultured, so no special equipment is required for the culture process. For this reason, this invention can also hold down manufacturing cost low.

  Furthermore, this invention can suppress generation | occurrence | production of methane gas and greenhouse gas by resource-saving the palm extraction residue which generate | occur | produces methane gas and greenhouse gas. This can reduce the load on the environment.

  Agricultural waste may be crushed and finely cut. Since the fiber of the palm oil residue is hard and long, it can be more uniformly mixed with duckweed by cutting the fiber. This makes it possible to produce compost with finer grain sizes in a shorter period of time.

(About duckweeds)
Duckweed is an aquatic plant that grows in a floating state on the water surface. Duckweed hangs its roots in water and absorbs nutrients from the roots to grow.
The duckweed is preferably selected from the group consisting of daphnia, duckweed, duckweed, red duckweed (Azola), water hyacinth, button duckweed, giant canadian, cocanada, offofsamo, and salamander. These duckweeds become high-quality compost when mixed with agricultural waste and aged.

  Duckweed can be obtained by collecting duckweed from a water culture system in which duckweed is cultivated. For duckweeds, those cultivated in a water culture system to which palm oil wastewater is added may be used. Since duckweed cultivated in a water culture system with added palm oil wastewater contains abundant starch, compost with high nutritional value can be obtained.

  It is known that duckweed can purify palm oil waste (International Publication No. 2011-14516). After cultivating duckweeds in a water culture system to which palm extraction wastewater is added and purifying palm extraction wastewater, duckweeds are recovered, mixed with agricultural waste, and composted to remove residues and wastewater after palm extraction. It can be resource-rich and used effectively.

(3. About the mixture)
Agricultural waste and duckweed are mixed and become mature compost by culturing for 1 week to 12 months in an environment of 15 ° C to 110 ° C. The mixture may be cultured at 15 ° C. or higher and 110 ° C. or lower, but preferably 20 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower, more preferably 30 ° C. or higher and 60 ° C. or lower. The culture period may be one week or more, but the compost is completely aged in a culture period of about 2 to 12 months. The culture period may be 1 week or more and 12 months or less, preferably 2 weeks or more and 3 months or less, and more preferably 3 weeks or more and 2 months or less.

The culture process is a process in which a mixture of agricultural waste and duckweed is allowed to stand. A mixture of agricultural waste and duckweed should be cultured without giving water or nutrients. However, it is preferable to periodically stir the mixture so that agricultural waste and duckweed are uniformly mixed and a gap is formed so that air can enter. The frequency of stirring is preferably about once every 1-3 days.
In the culturing step, in order to proceed the fermentation of the mixture, culturing may be performed while injecting air using a device for injecting air.

In the present invention, a step of further adding duckweeds to the mixture may be provided in the culture step. While the fermentation of the mixture of agricultural waste and duckweed is in progress, addition of duckweed can promote the fermentation of the mixture more efficiently and shorten the culture period. In addition, compost with more nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium can be obtained by further adding duckweeds to the mixture.
By providing a step for further adding duckweed to the mixture, compost having a high nutritional value can be obtained. Furthermore, since the culture period can be shortened, the manufacturing cost can be suppressed.

(4. About inoculum)
It is preferable that inoculum is further mixed in the mixture of agricultural waste and duckweed. The inoculum may be added to the mixture, or an inoculum attached to agricultural waste may be used. The type of inoculum is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a soil type bacterial species. As soil-type bacteria, one or more of bacteria, actinomycetes, filamentous fungi, nitrifying bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, spore-forming aerobic bacteria, facultative anaerobic bacteria / spore fungi, or nitrogen-fixing bacteria are combined. Can be used.

  In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the duckweed mixture contains 25 to 99 wt% of agricultural waste and 0.1 to 20 wt% of inoculum when the duckweed mixture is 100 parts by weight. It is. The content of agricultural waste may be 25% by weight or more and 99% by weight or less, preferably 30% by weight or more and 75% by weight or less, and more preferably 40% by weight or more and 70% by weight or less. . Further, the content of the inoculum may be 0.1 wt% or more and 20 wt% or less, but is preferably 3 wt% or more and 15 wt% or less, and preferably 5 wt% or more and 10 wt% or less. More preferred. The duckweed mixture is 100% by weight, and the remaining weight parts excluding agricultural waste and inoculum are the weight parts occupied by duckweeds.

  By mixing the inoculum with a mixture of agricultural waste and duckweed, aging of the mixture can be promoted. By promoting the aging of the mixture, the culture period can be shortened and the production cost can be greatly reduced.

  The compost obtained by the present invention is fine in particle size and excellent in handling properties. It also contains abundant nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium, which are the active ingredients of compost. Moreover, the compost | manure obtained by this invention contains active ingredients, such as a duckweed origin amino acid and organic phosphoric acid. For this reason, it can be effectively used as compost.

  Moreover, since the compost | manure obtained by this invention contains the fiber derived from an agricultural waste in compost | cure, a water | moisture content and a nutrient can be efficiently stored in the compost. Thereby, compost having high fertilizer can be obtained. Furthermore, the compost according to the present invention has a high utility value as compost because it can retain a large number of microorganisms in the compost and has a soil improvement ability.

  Hereinafter, modes for carrying out the present invention will be described based on examples.

Method for producing compost using duckweed A commercially available 1.5 L plastic bottle was washed thoroughly with tap water until it was cleaned, and then the upper 10 cm portion (the portion opposite the bottom) was cut off with a cutter. A mixture obtained by mixing only an EFB mixture (Comparative Example 1), an EFB mixture and a duckweed at a certain ratio was prepared in a PET bottle with the upper part cut off. Then, it mixed well so that the whole might be mixed uniformly with a 30 cm long stick.
Next, in order to prevent insects and the like from entering, an insect net with a mesh size of 2 to 3 mm that is commercially available was placed on a plastic bottle with the top cut off, and fixed with a wire. Thereafter, each mixture was cultured for about 21 days in a shaded environment.
The average temperature (day and night) during the culture period is 27.1 ° C. During the culture period, water and nutrients are not replenished at all, and once a day, stirring is performed with a 30 cm long rod. went.

  Fig.2 (a) has shown what put only the perm | palm extraction residue into the container. FIG.2 (b) has shown what put the palm extraction residue and the duckweed in the container. FIG.2 (c) has shown what put the palm extraction residue, duckweed, and inoculum in the container. In Fig.2 (a)-(c), the palm extraction residue or mixture is accommodated with the bulkiness of the 9th minute or more of a container.

  FIG. 3 (a) shows a culture in which only the palm oil residue is cultured for about 21 days. FIG.3 (b) has shown what cultivated the palm extraction residue and the duckweed for about 21 days. FIG.3 (c) has shown what culture | cultivated the perm | palm extraction residue, duckweed, and an inoculum for about 21 days. In Fig.3 (a), the palm oil extraction residue is accommodated by the bulkiness of the 9th minute or more of a container. On the other hand, in FIG.3 (b) and (c), the mixture is accommodated by becoming bulky about the 3rd minute of a container. Thereby, in FIG.3 (b) and (c), it turns out that ageing | curing | ripening progressed and the volume of the mixture reduced.

  4 (a) to 4 (c) show a state in which the cells cultured in FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (c) are observed from above. In Fig.4 (a), it turns out that the fiber of the palm oil extraction residue is entangled. On the other hand, in FIG.4 (b) and (c), it turns out that the fiber of palm oil extraction residue reduces and the fiber itself is thin and soft.

  FIGS. 5A to 5C show a state in which the particle size of a mixture of 45% by weight of palm oil residue, 45% by weight of duckweed, and 10% by weight of inoculum was observed. In FIG. 5 (a), it can be seen that the fibers of the palm oil extraction residue are intertwined. On the other hand, in FIG.5 (b) and (c), it turns out that the fiber of palm oil extraction residue reduces and the particle size of a mixture has become fine. Further, in FIG. 5A, the color of the palm oil extraction residue is light brown, but in FIGS. 5B and 5C, it can be seen that the color of the mixture is dark. As a result, it was found that a mixture of palm oil residue and duckweed matured and a good quality compost was obtained.

  FIG. 6 shows the result of observing the degree of maturation after mixing for 3 weeks after mixing with different ratios of palm oil residue, duckweed, and inoculum. Fig.6 (a) has shown the result of mixing palm extraction residue: inoculum in the ratio of 9: 1. FIG.6 (b) has shown the result of having mixed palm extraction residue: duckweed: inoculum in the ratio of 7: 2: 1. FIG.6 (c) has shown the result of mixing palm extraction residue: duckweed: inoculum in the ratio of 4.5: 4.5: 1.

  In Fig.6 (a), the fiber of a palm oil extraction residue can be observed clearly, and there is no change in the mode of the palm oil extraction residue before culture | cultivation and after culture | cultivation. On the other hand, in FIGS. 6 (b) and 6 (c), softened fibers are observed, but the color of the mixture becomes darker and it can be seen that aging is progressing.

Since duckweed is a plant that contains a lot of moisture, if the blending ratio of duckweed increases, it will cause the compost to contain a lot of moisture. Compost containing a lot of water has poor storage quality and high nutritional value per weight, resulting in poor quality. Moreover, since handling as compost worsens, it is not preferable.
For this reason, it is preferable to determine the blending ratio of palm oil residue and duckweed so that the blending ratio of duckweed is not too high.

  The present invention can be used in the pollutant purification industry. The present invention can be used in the manufacturing industry of agricultural compost. The present invention can be used in the chemical manufacturing industry.

Claims (7)

Mixing duckweeds and fungi with palm oil residue to obtain a duckweed mixture;
Culturing the duckweed mixture to obtain compost,
A method for producing compost using duckweeds,
The duckweed mixture comprises 45 parts by weight to 70 parts by weight of the palm oil residue and 20 parts by weight to 45 parts by weight of the duckweed when the duckweed mixture is 100 parts by weight. Method.   The duckweed is one or more duckweeds selected from the group consisting of daphnia, duckweed, duckweed, duckweed (Azolla), water hyacinth, button duckweed, giant canadian, cocanada, offofamo, and salamander. The resource utilization method described. The duckweed is
It is a duckweed obtained by cultivating duckweeds in a culture solution containing palm oil waste and recovering the duckweed grown.
The manufacturing method of the compost of Claim 1. The culturing step is a step of culturing the duckweed mixture in an environment of 15 ° C. or higher and 110 ° C. or lower for 1 week to 12 months.
The manufacturing method of the compost of Claim 1. The culturing step further includes a step of mixing and stirring the duckweed mixture.
The manufacturing method of the compost of Claim 1.   The method for producing compost according to claim 5, wherein the step of mixing and stirring is a step of stirring once a day.   The method for producing compost according to claim 1, wherein the culturing step for obtaining the compost is a step of culturing the duckweed mixture in a state in which an insect repellent net is attached to a container.

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