JP5996791B2 - 折り返しセンサとその製作および使用方法 - Google Patents
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Description
本出願は、第119条(e)項に基づいて2012年5月25日出願の米国仮出願第61/651,889号の、また第120条に基づいて2013年2月27日出願の米国特許出願第13/779,271号の優先権を主張し、その各々の内容が参照により取り入れられる。
例示的実施形態
ここに開示される360°センサ設計は、ある従来センサ設計で発生しうるいくつかの問題点に対処するように設計されている。例えば、ある種の継続的グルコース監視システムは、一定間隔で参照値に対して校正されなければならない単一センサの使用を伴う。このような実施形態では、システム精度はこの個別センサの出力に左右され、一時的なセンサ不安定期間により影響されうる。このようなセンサシステムの信頼性は、多数の検知電極の出力が利用される場合に向上しうる。しかし、多数の検知電極を内含する従来のセンサ設計は概して、費用のかかる追加の製造ステップを必要とする。下記のように、本発明の実施形態はこの技術のこれらの問題を克服する。
以下の開示は、本発明のセンサ実施形態で使用される典型的な要素/構成要素の例を提供する。これらの要素は別々のユニット(層など)として説明されうるが、下記の要素/構成要素の材料特性および/または機能のいくつかまたはすべての組み合わせを有する要素(支持ベース構成要素および/または導電性構成要素および/または分析物検知構成要素のマトリックスとして機能するとともにセンサの電極としてもさらに機能する要素など)を含有するようにセンサが設計されうることを当業者は理解する。これらの薄膜分析物センサは下に説明されるようないくつかのセンサシステムでの使用に適応しうることを当業者は理解する。
本発明のセンサは、概してベース構成要素を含む(図12の要素402など参照)。「ベース構成要素」の語はここでは当該技術で受容されている専門用語にしたがって使用され、概して上下に積層され、機能センサを含有する複数の構成要素のための支持マトリックスを提供する、装置の構成要素を指す。一形状において、ベース構成要素は、絶縁性(例えば電気絶縁性および/または非透水性)材料の薄膜シートを包含する。このベース構成要素は、誘電性、非透水性、および気密性など所望の質を有する多様な材料で製作されるか被覆されうる。いくつかの材料は、金属、および/またはセラミック、および/またはポリマー基板その他を含む。本発明の実施形態は、ベース基板が折り返されて固定ベンドを形成する時に第1構成から第2構成へ移行する能力のために選択される可撓性材料から形成されるベース基板を利用する。このような材料は、折り返された時に屈曲するが破損しないのに充分な可撓性を持たなければならない。同時に、このような材料は、折り返された時に固定(永久)ベンドを形成するのに充分なほど剛直/剛性でなければならない。
本発明の電気化学センサは概して、分析対象である分析物またはその副生成物(酸素および/または過酸化水素など)と接触するための少なくとも一つの電極(図12の要素404など参照)を含む、ベース構成要素に載置される導電性構成要素を含む。「導電性構成要素」の語は、当該技術で受容されている専門用語にしたがってここでは使用され、電極、接触パッド、トレース、その他などの導電性センサ要素を指す。その例示的な例は、分析物の濃度変化に影響されない参照電極と比較して分析物またはその副生成物の濃度変化などの刺激への露出に応じた電流の増減を測定できる作用電極を形成する導電性構成要素、分析物検知構成要素410に存在する組成物(酵素グルコースオキシダーゼなど)と分析物が相互作用する時に使用される同時反応物(酵素など)、そしてこの相互作用の反応副生成物(過酸化水素など)である。このような要素の例示的な例は、過酸化水素または酸素などの分子の濃度変化の存在時に可変検出信号を発することが可能な電極を含む。
本発明の電気化学センサは、電極の表面と分析対象の環境との間に載置される干渉除去構成要素を任意で含む。具体的には、あるセンサ実施形態は、印加される一定の電位での作用電極の表面の酵素反応により発生される過酸化水素の酸化および/または還元に依存している。過酸化水素の直接酸化に基づく電流測定式検出は比較的高い酸化電位を必要とするため、この検出方式を採用するセンサは、アスコルビン酸、尿酸、およびアセトアミノフェンなどの体液に存在する酸化可能な種類からの干渉を受けうる。この状況において、「干渉除去構成要素」は当該技術で受容されている専門用語に従って使用され、検知対象の分析物により発生される信号の検出を干渉するこのような酸化可能な種類により発生される疑似信号を阻止するように機能するセンサのコーティングまたは膜を指す。ある干渉除去構成要素は、(特定サイズの干渉種を除外することなどによる)サイズ排除を介して機能する。干渉除去構成要素の例は、親水性ポリウレタン、(ポリ(エチルグリコール)などの作用物質を内含するセルロースアセテートを含む)セルロースアセテート、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリテトラ‐フルオロエチレン、ペルフロルオロイオノマーNafionTM、ポリフェニレンジアミン、エポキシ、その他を含むセルロースアセテートなどの化合物による一つ以上の層またはコーティングを含む。
本発明の電気化学センサは、センサの電極に載置される分析物検知構成要素を含む(図12の要素410など参照)。「分析物検知構成要素」の語は、当該技術で受容されている専門用語にしたがってここでは使用され、分析物センサ装置により存在が検出される分析物を認識するかこれと反応することのできる材料を包含する構成要素を指す。概して分析物検知構成要素のこの材料は、概して導電性構成要素の電極を介した検知対象の分析物との相互作用の後に検出可能信号を発生させる。これに関して、分析物検知構成要素と導電性構成要素の電極とは組み合わせで作用して、分析物センサと関連する装置により読み取られる電気信号を発する。概して、分析物検知構成要素は、導電性構成要素(酸素および/または過酸化水素など)、例えば酵素グルコースオキシダーゼの電極での電流変化を測定することにより濃度変化が測定されうる分子と反応する、および/またはこれを発生させる酸化還元酵素を包含する。過酸化水素などの分子を発生させることのできる酵素は、当該技術で周知のいくつかのプロセスにしたがって電極に載置されうる。分析物検知構成要素は、センサの様々な電極のすべてまたは一部分を被覆できる。この状況で、分析物検知構成要素は電極を同等の程度まで被覆しうる。代替的に、分析物検知構成要素は異なる電極を異なる程度まで被覆し、例えば作用電極の被覆表面は対向および/または参照電極の被覆表面より広い。
本発明の電気化学センサは、任意であるが、分析物検知構成要素と分析物調整構成要素との間に載置されるタンパク質構成要素(図12の要素416など参照)を含む。「タンパク質構成要素」の語は当該技術で受容された専門技術に従ってここでは使用され、分析物検知構成要素および/または分析物調整構成要素との適合性のために選択される担体タンパク質その他を含有する構成要素を指す。典型的な実施形態では、タンパク質構成要素はヒト血清アルブミンなどのある部品を包含する。HSA濃度は、約0.5%〜30%(w/v)の間で変動しうる。概してHSA濃度は約1〜10%w/vであり、最も典型的なのは5%w/vである。本発明の代替的実施形態では、コラーゲンまたはBSAまたはこれらの状況で使用される他の構造タンパク質が、HSAの代わりにまたはこれに加えて使用されうる。この構成要素は概して、当該技術で受容されたプロトコルに従って分析物検知構成要素に架橋結合される。
本発明の電気化学センサは、一つ以上の接着促進(AP)構成要素(図12の要素414など参照)を含みうる。「接着促進構成要素」の語はここでは当該技術で容認された技術に従って使用され、センサの隣接構成要素の間の接着を促進する能力のために選択される材料を含む構成要素を指す。概して、接着促進構成要素は分析物検知構成要素と分析物調整構成要素との間に載置される。概して、接着促進構成要素は任意のタンパク質構成要素と分析物調整構成要素との間に載置される。接着促進構成要素は、このような構成要素の間の接合を容易にする当該技術で周知の多様な材料のいずれか一つから製作され、当該技術で周知の多様な方法のいずれか一つにより塗着される。概して、接着促進構成要素は、γ‐アミノプロピルトリメトキシシランなどのシラン化合物を包含する。
本発明の電気化学センサは、センサに載置される分析物調整構成要素(図12の要素412など参照)を含む。「分析物調整構成要素」の語は、ここでは当該技術で容認された専門用語に従って使用され、概してグルコースなど一つ以上の分析物の構成要素での拡散を調整するように作動する膜をセンサに形成する構成要素を指す。本発明のある実施形態では、分析物調整構成要素は、構成要素におけるグルコースなどの一つ以上の分析物の拡散を防止または制限するように作動する分析物境界膜である。本発明の他の実施形態では、分析物調整構成要素は、構成要素における一つ以上の分析物の拡散を容易にするように作用する。任意であるが、このような分析物調整構成要素は構成要素における一つの分子タイプの拡散を防止または制限するように形成されうるが、同時に構成要素における他のタイプの分子(O2など)の拡散を許容または促進する。
本発明の電気化学センサは、概して電気絶縁保護構成要素である一つ以上のカバー構成要素(図12の要素406など参照)を含む。概して、このようなカバー構成要素は、コーティング、シース、またはチューブの形状であり、分析物調整構成要素の少なくとも一部分に載置される。絶縁保護カバー構成要素としての使用について受容可能なポリマーコーティングは、シリコーン化合物、ポリイミド、生体適合性はんだマスク、エポキシアクリレートコポリマー、その他などの非毒性の生体適合性ポリマーを限定的でなく含みうる。さらに、これらのコーティングは、導電性構成要素までの開口部のフォトリソグラフィ形成を容易にするようにフォトイメージングが可能である。一般的なカバー構成要素は、スピンオン法によるシリコーンを包含する。当該技術で周知のように、この構成要素は、市販のRTV(室温加硫)シリコーン組成物でありうる。この状況での典型的な化学物質は、ポリジメチルシロキサン(アセトキシベース)である。
構成要素の積層スタックを有する本発明の実施形態が、図12に示されている。図12は、上記の構成要素を含む本発明の典型的なセンサ実施形態400の断面を図示するものである。このセンサ実施形態は、概して、当該技術で受容された方法および/またはここに開示される本発明の特定方法にしたがって相互に載置される様々な導電性および非導電性の構成要素の層の形である複数のコンポーネントから形成される。センサのコンポーネントは概して、図12に示されたセンサ構造体の特徴を実現可能にするため、ここでは層としての特徴を持つ。しかし、本発明のある実施形態では、多数の構成要素が一つ以上の異質層を形成するようにセンサ構成要素が組み合わされることを熟練者は理解するだろう。この状況において、本発明の様々な実施形態で積層構成要素の順序が変更されうることを当業者は理解するだろう。
特定の例示的システム実施形態は、ここに開示される折り返しベースアーキテクチャを包含するグルコースセンサと、送信器と、記録器および受信器と、グルコース計とで構成される。このシステムでは、送信器から無線信号が一定の時間周期(5分毎など)でポンプ受信器へ送られて実時間センサグルコース(SG)値を提供する。ユーザが血中グルコースを自分で監視して、自身のインシュリンポンプを使用してインシュリンを送達するように、値/グラフがポンプ受信器のモニタに表示されうる。概してここに開示されるセンサシステムは、有線または無線接続を介して他の医療機器/システムと通信できる。無線通信は例えば、RF遠隔測定法を介した信号の伝送、赤外線伝送、光伝送、音波および超音波伝送、その他とともに発生する、発せられた放射信号の受信を含みうる。任意であるが、機器は薬物注入ポンプ(インシュリンポンプなど)の一体的な一部である。概してこのような機器では、生理学的特徴値は血中グルコースの複数の測定値を含む。
Claims (22)
- 分析物センサ装置であって、
ベース基板が折り返されて固定ベンドを形成する時に第1構成から第2構成へ移行するのに適応した可撓性材料の平面シートを包含するベース基板と、
前記ベース基板の第1表面に載置される作用電極、対向電極、および参照電極と、
前記ベース基板の前記第1表面に載置される複数の接触パッドと、
前記ベース基板の前記第1表面に載置される複数の電線管であって、前記固定ベンドにより分離される電極と接触パッドとの間で前記ベース基板の折り返された部分を介して電気信号を伝送するのに適応した複数の電線管と、
前記作用電極の上に載置される分析物検知層であって、分析物の存在時に前記作用電極の電流を検出可能に変化させる分析物検知層と、
を有し、
前記ベース基板は、
前記固定ベンドの第1側に少なくとも一つの電極が載置されて、
前記固定ベンドの第2側に少なくとも一つの電極が載置される、
構成を形成するような前記固定ベンドを含む、
ことを特徴とする分析物センサ装置。 - 前記固定ベンドの前記第1側の前記少なくとも一つの電極と前記固定ベンドの前記第2側の前記少なくとも一つの電極とが反対方向を向くような配向で、前記固定ベンドが前記ベース基板を構成する、請求項1の分析物センサ装置。
- 前記ベース基板が折り返されるエリアに載置される境界線、穿孔、またはキスカットのうち少なくとも一つを前記ベース基板が含む、請求項1または2の分析物センサ装置。
- 前記ベース基板が、
矩形ボデーと、
前記矩形ボデーから外方へ延出する第1長手アームと、
前記矩形ボデーから外方へ延出する第2長手アームと、
を含み、
前記第1長手アームと前記第2長手アームとが相互に平行である、
請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の分析物センサ装置。 - 前記装置が複数の作用電極を有し、
第1作用電極が前記第1長手アームに載置されて第2作用電極が前記第2長手アームに載置される、
請求項4の分析物センサ装置。 - 前記第1作用電極が第1積層材料セットで被覆されて前記第2作用電極が第2積層材料セットで被覆される、請求項5の分析物センサ装置。
- 前記ベース基板が、本質的には一つの作用電極と一つの対向電極と一つの参照電極とで構成されるユニットとして集積される複数の参照電極と複数の作用電極と複数の対向電極とを含み、
前記集積ユニットが、反復的ユニットパターンで前記ベース基板に長手方向に分散される、
請求項5の分析物センサ装置。 - 前記ベース基板に載置されて、前記第1長手アームおよび/または前記第2長手アームの移動を阻止するのに適応したロック部材をさらに含む、請求項4の分析物センサ装置。
- 前記装置が、前記センサを囲繞するハウジングを含まず、
および/または、前記ベース基板が電気ビアを含まない、
請求項1から8のいずれか1項の分析物センサ装置。 - 前記矩形ボデー(500)を前記第1および第2長手アーム(520,530)に接続するネック領域(510)を前記センサが有し、前記ベンドが前記ネック領域(510)に長手方向に配置される、請求項4から8のいずれか1項の分析物センサ装置。
- 前記接触パッドが前記矩形ボデー(500)に載置される、請求項4から10のいずれか1項の分析物センサ装置。
- さらに、
プロセッサと、
実行されると、前記プロセッサに、
前記作用電極から入手された電気化学信号データを評価させて、前記作用電極から入手された前記電気化学信号データに基づいて分析物濃度を計算させる、
命令を有するコンピュータ読取可能プログラムコードと、
を含む、請求項1から11のいずれか1項の分析物センサ装置。 - 前記分析物検知層の上に載置される分析物調整層をさらに含み、前記分析物調整層が中での分析物の拡散を調整する、請求項1から12のいずれか1項に記載の分析物センサ装置。
- 分析物センサ装置の製造方法であって、
第1表面と第2表面とを有するとともに、折り返された時に第1構成から第2構成へ移行するのに適応した可撓性材料の平面シートから形成されるベース基板を用意するステップと、
作用電極と対向電極と参照電極とを前記ベース基板の前記第1表面に形成するステップと、
複数の接触パッドを前記ベース基板の前記第1表面に形成するステップと、
前記ベース基板の前記第1表面に載置される複数の電線管を形成し、前記複数の電線管が、固定ベンドにより分離される電極と接触パッドとの間で前記ベース基板の折り返された部分を介して電気信号を伝送するようにするステップと、
分析物検知層を前記作用電極に形成し、前記分析物検知層が、分析物の存在時に前記作用電極の前記電流を検出可能に変化させるステップと、
前記分析物センサ装置が形成されるように、
少なくとも一つの電極が前記固定ベンドの第1側に載置されて、
少なくとも一つの電極が前記固定ベンドの第2側に載置される、
構成を結果的に持つ固定ベンドを導入すべく前記ベース基板を折り返すステップと、
を含む方法。 - 前記ベース基板を成形して、矩形ボデーと、前記矩形ボデーから外方に延出する第1長手アームと、前記矩形ボデーから外方に延出する第2長手アームとを形成することを含む方法である、ことを特徴とする請求項14の方法。
- 前記第1長手アームと前記第2長手アームとが相互に平行であるように前記ベース基板が形成され、
前記第1長手アームと前記第2長手アームとが相互に重ね合わされるよう前記ベース基板が折り返される、
請求項15の方法。 - 前記ベース基板に載置される導電性部材のアレイから前記作用電極が形成され、
前記導電性部材が円形であって10μmと400μmの間の直径を有し、
前記アレイが少なくとも10個の導電性部材を含む、
請求項14から16のいずれか1項の方法。 - 本質的には一つの作用電極と一つの対向電極と一つの参照電極とで構成されるユニットとして集積される複数の作用電極と対向電極と参照電極とが、前記ベース基板に形成され、
前記集積ユニットが、反復的ユニットパターンで前記ベース基板の少なくとも一つの長手アームに長手方向に分散される、
請求項15または16の方法。 - 生体内に埋め込まれるのに適応したハウジングの中に前記ベース基板を載置することをさらに含み、前記装置が載置される水性媒体を作用電極と接触させるのに適応した開口部を前記ハウジングが含む、請求項14から18のいずれか1項の方法。
- 前記ベース基板をニードルの中に載置することをさらに含み、
前記ニードルが、組織を貫通して前記装置を生体内に埋め込むのに適応しており、
前記ニードルが、前記分析物センサ装置の埋め込みの後で前記組織から抜かれるのに適応している、
請求項14から18のいずれか1項の方法。 - 前記分析物検知層は、グルコースオキシダーゼを含み、
前記装置は、前記分析物検知層と前記分析物調整層との間に載置される接着促進層を含み、または
前記分析物調整層は、中心鎖と前記中心鎖に結合された複数の側鎖とを有する親水性コームコポリマーを含み、少なくとも一つの側鎖がシリコーン成分を含む、
請求項1から13のいずれか1項の分析物センサ装置。 - 哺乳類の身体の中で分析物を検知するための請求項1から13のいずれか1項に記載の分析物センサ装置の作動方法であって、
前記分析物の存在時に前記作用電極の電流の変化を検知することと、
前記分析物が検知されるように、電流の変化を前記分析物の存在と相関させることと、
を含む、ことを特徴とする方法。
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