JP5988210B2 - 電力伝送システム - Google Patents
電力伝送システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP5988210B2 JP5988210B2 JP2012218318A JP2012218318A JP5988210B2 JP 5988210 B2 JP5988210 B2 JP 5988210B2 JP 2012218318 A JP2012218318 A JP 2012218318A JP 2012218318 A JP2012218318 A JP 2012218318A JP 5988210 B2 JP5988210 B2 JP 5988210B2
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- H02J5/005—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
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- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/122—Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- B60L53/38—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
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- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
- H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
- B60L2270/10—Emission reduction
- B60L2270/14—Emission reduction of noise
- B60L2270/147—Emission reduction of noise electro magnetic [EMI]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/70—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
Description
システム200側の受電アンテナ201へ効率的に電力を伝送する際、送電アンテナ105の共振周波数と、受電アンテナ201の共振周波数とを同一とすることで、送電側アンテナから受電側アンテナに対し、効率的にエネルギー伝達を行うようにする。
とスイッチング素子QDがオンのとき、スイッチング素子QBとスイッチング素子QCがオ
フとされ、スイッチング素子QBとスイッチング素子QCがオンのとき、スイッチング素子QAとスイッチング素子QDがオフとされることで、接続部T1と接続部T2との間に矩形波の交流電圧を発生させる。なお、本実施形態においては、各スイッチング素子のスイッチングによって生成される矩形波の周波数の範囲は20kHz〜数1000kHz程度である。
とができるようになっている。
体270が矩形平板状のものであることを例に説明するが、本発明のアンテナはこのような形状のコイルに限定されるものではない。例えば、コイル体270として円形平板状のものなども利用し得る。このようなコイル体270は、送電アンテナ105・受電アンテナ201における磁気共鳴アンテナ部として機能する。この「磁気共鳴アンテナ部」は、コイル体270のインダクタンス成分のみならず、その浮游容量に基づくキャパシタンス成分、或いは意図的に追加したコンデンサに基づくキャパシタンス成分をも含むものである。
0が配されている。フェライト基材280としては、比抵抗が大きく、透磁率が大きく、磁気ヒステリシスが小さいものが望ましい。フェライト基材280は、ケース体260に対して適当な手段により固着されることで、コイル体270の上方に第1距離d1の空間
を空けて配されるようになっている。このようなレイアウトにより、送電アンテナ105側で発生する磁力線は、フェライト基材280を透過する率が高くなり、送電アンテナ105から受電アンテナ201への電力伝送において、車両本体部を構成する金属物による磁力線への影響が軽微となる。
材料としてはアルミニウム以外の金属を用いることも可能である。
形態によれば、アンテナの特性が確定しているために、受信アンテナ201を取り付ける車種に関わりなく、同様の電力伝送特性を期待することが可能となり、アンテナとしての汎用性が広がることとなる。
ト基材280と第2距離d2離間されて配されるアルミニウム基材290と、アルミニウ
ム基材290上に配される車体取り付け部265と、を有している。
パシタンス成分がC1、抵抗成分がRt1であり、受電アンテナ201のインダクタンス成
分がL2、キャパシタンス成分がC2、抵抗成分がRt2であり、送電アンテナ105と受電アンテナ201との間の相互インダクタンスがMであることを示している。また、RLは
電池204の内部抵抗を示している。また、送電アンテナ105と受電アンテナ201との間の結合係数はkによって示される。
パシタンス成分C1である直列共振器を、また、受電アンテナ201は、インダクタンス
成分L2、キャパシタンス成分C2である直列共振器を構成するものと考える。
201のインピーダンスは下式(4)により、表すことができる。なお、本明細書においては、下式(3)及び下式(4)によって定義される値をそれぞれのアンテナのインピーダンスとして定義する。
、基材271上に形成される渦巻き状の導電部272の寸法、レイアウト、及び、磁性体など補助部材の調整を行うことを挙げることができる。
は平面Pの法線である。また、第2軸は平面P内に含まれる軸である。
体により構成されているが、メインコイルMCは、第1軸を中心として、これを周回する導体により形成されればどのようなものであってもよい。例えば、メインコイルMCは、第1軸を中心として巻回されるソレノイド状のコイルであっても構わない。また、メインコイルMCの導電部としては、導体線ではなく、基材300に印刷した導体を用いることなども可能である。
7に示すような向きの磁界Hmが形成される。
成される磁界Hsが図示してある。他のサブコイルSCについても、このサブコイルSCと同じように、第1軸から離れる方向に向いた磁界Hsが形成される。なお、いずれのサブコイルSCの磁界Hsのスカラー量は共通である。
磁界は、1つのメインコイルMCにより形成される磁界Hmと、8つのサブコイルSCにより形成される磁界Hsの合成により形成された合成磁界が発生する。
巻回を行い、再び(a)に戻ったときには、突片が基部310から延出する方向に、ずらして、巻回を進めていく。
係を満たすようにすることを挙げることができる。
設定されると共に、サブコイル造形用突片330の縁部335から延在するようにしてサブコイル造形用突片330に取り付けられることを特徴としている。サブコイル造形用突片330の縁部335から延在した磁性コア350の部分は、図13においてQとして示されている部分である。
ーンによって、アンテナのメインコイルMCと、サブコイルSCと同時的に形成していた。
基材300及び第2基材500で造形する際の導体線400の巻回パターンの1例について図18を参照して説明する。
分C1である送電アンテナと、インダクタンス成分L2、キャパシタンス成分C2である受
電アンテナと、の間に、
20の第2面602側において、導体線400を係止させる。
を電池204の電圧と、電池204に流入した電流から求めたものである。
されている。
次に、本発明の他の実施形態について説明する。図22は本発明の他の実施形態に係る電力伝送システムのブロック図である。
るために、受電側システムで電池204の充電を行う場合に、効率的な電力伝送を行うことが可能となる。
101・・・AC/DC変換部
102・・・電圧調整部
103・・・インバーター部
104・・・整合器
105・・・送電アンテナ
110・・・主制御部
120・・・通信部
201・・・受電アンテナ
202・・・整流部
203・・・充電制御部
204・・・電池
210・・・主制御部
220・・・通信部
230・・・インターフェイス部
260・・・ケース体
216・・・底板部
262・・・側板部
263・・・(上方)開口部
265・・・車体取り付け部
270・・・コイル体
271・・・基材
272・・・導電部
273・・・第1端部
274・・・第2端部
280・・・フェライト基材
290・・・アルミニウム基材
300・・・基材
301・・・第1面
302・・・第2面
310・・・基部
320・・・メインコイル造形用突片
322・・・側部
325・・・縁部
330・・・サブコイル造形用突片
332・・・側部
335・・・縁部
350・・・磁性コア
400・・・導体線
500・・・第2基材
501・・・第1面
502・・・第2面
510・・・基部
530・・・サブコイル造形用突片
600・・・基材
601・・・第1面
602・・・第2面
610・・・基部
620・・・コイル造形用突片
700・・・ボビン
Claims (10)
- インダクタンス成分L1、固定容量のキャパシタンス成分C1である直列共振器を構成し、交流電力が入力される送電アンテナと、
スイッチング素子からなり直流電圧を所定の周波数の交流電圧に変換して前記送電アンテナに出力するインバーター部と、
インダクタンス成分L2、固定容量のキャパシタンス成分C2である直列共振器を構成し、前記送電アンテナから電磁場を介して電磁気的エネルギーを受電する受電アンテナと、
前記受電アンテナからの出力を直流電力に整流して出力する整流部と、
前記整流部からの出力を入力するための負荷と、から少なくともなり、
前記インバーター部からの出力が直接前記送電アンテナに入力されると共に、前記受電アンテナからの出力が直接整流部に入力される電力伝送システムであって、
前記送電アンテナと前記受電アンテナとの間の結合係数がkである場合を含む時に、負荷抵抗値がRであるとき、
- 送電アンテナが無指向性であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の電力伝送システム。
- 受電アンテナが指向性であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の電力伝送システム。
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