JP5927194B2 - 治療ナノキャリアおよび/または診断ナノキャリアのターゲティングのためのアプタマーコンジュゲート - Google Patents
治療ナノキャリアおよび/または診断ナノキャリアのターゲティングのためのアプタマーコンジュゲート Download PDFInfo
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- JP5927194B2 JP5927194B2 JP2013530333A JP2013530333A JP5927194B2 JP 5927194 B2 JP5927194 B2 JP 5927194B2 JP 2013530333 A JP2013530333 A JP 2013530333A JP 2013530333 A JP2013530333 A JP 2013530333A JP 5927194 B2 JP5927194 B2 JP 5927194B2
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- 229960005026 toremifene Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 229960004167 toremifene citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003014 totipotent stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000035160 transmembrane proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- XLQGICHHYYWYIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N veramine Natural products O1C2CC3C4CC=C5CC(O)CCC5(C)C4CC=C3C2(C)C(C)C21CCC(C)CN2 XLQGICHHYYWYIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003895 verteporfin Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Description
本願は、2010年9月24日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/386,201号の利益を主張し、この米国仮特許出願はその全体が本明細書中に援用される。
適用なし。
該当なし
がんは、全年齢の人に影響し得るクラスの疾患である。したがって、患者におけるがんを処置または診断することができる療法を提供するためにかなりの努力がされている。体内でのナノキャリアの標的化送達が、薬物送達技法および画像診断技法における潜在的な新しい道として最近論じられている。残念ながら、がんを有効に処置または診断することができるナノキャリアベースの生成物を作製する際に、障害が依然として存在する。したがって、がんを処置または診断し、患者のための個別化ケアを促進する方法を提供することができる新しい標的化送達手法の必要性がある。
本発明は、標的化送達用組成物(targeted delivery composition)ならびに被験体におけるがん状態などの疾患状態の処置および診断におけるこれらの使用方法を提供する。
本発明の好ましい実施形態において、例えば以下の項目が提供される。
(項目1)
(a)治療剤もしくは診断剤、またはこれらの組合せを含むナノキャリアと、
(b)式:
A−[(EG)(P)] n −T
を有するコンジュゲートであって、
式中、
Aは、該コンジュゲートを該ナノキャリアに結合させるための結合成分であり、
[(EG)(P)] n は、連結基であり(式中、下付き文字nは、1〜約40の整数であり、
各EGは、トリエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、ペンタエチレングリコール、ヘキサエチレングリコール、ヘプタエチレングリコール、およびオクタエチレングリコールからなる群から独立して選択され、
Pは、ホスフェートおよびチオホスフェートからなる群から独立して選択される)、および、
Tは、ターゲティング剤である、コンジュゲートと
を含む、標的化送達用組成物。
(項目2)
前記ナノキャリアが、リポソーム、ミセル、リポタンパク質、脂質被覆バブル、ブロックコポリマーミセル、ポリマーソーム、ニオソーム、酸化鉄粒子、金粒子、シリカ粒子、デンドリマー、および量子ドットからなる群から選択される、項目1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目3)
前記ナノキャリアがステルス剤を含む、項目1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目4)
前記ステルス剤がポリ(エチレングリコール)である、項目3に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目5)
前記治療剤または診断剤が、前記ナノキャリアに埋め込まれ、該ナノキャリアに被包され、または該ナノキャリアに繋ぎ止められている、項目1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目6)
前記ナノキャリアがリポソームである、項目5に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目7)
前記ナノキャリアが、SUV、LUV、およびMLVからなる群から選択されるリポソームである、項目1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目8)
前記ナノキャリアが、ドキソルビシン、シスプラチン、オキサリプラチン、カルボプラチン、5−フルオロウラシル、ゲムシタビン(gemcitibine)、およびタキサンからなる群から選択される治療剤を含む、項目1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目9)
前記診断剤が、放射性作用物質、蛍光剤、または造影剤である、項目1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目10)
前記診断剤が、 111 In−DTPA、 99m Tc(CO) 3 −DTPA、および 99m Tc(CO) 3 −ENPy2からなる群から選択される放射性作用物質である、項目1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目11)
前記診断剤が蛍光剤である、項目1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目12)
前記診断剤がMR剤またはX線造影剤である、項目1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目13)
前記結合成分が、前記ナノキャリアへの共有結合のための官能基を含む、項目1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目14)
前記結合成分が脂質である、項目1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目15)
前記脂質が、リン脂質、糖脂質、スフィンゴ脂質、またはコレステロールである、項目14に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目16)
前記コンジュゲートの前記A部分が、前記ナノキャリアの脂質二重層部分中に存在する、項目1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目17)
前記ナノキャリアがリポソームである、項目16に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目18)
nは、前記ターゲティング剤が前記ナノキャリアの表面を超えて伸長することを可能にするのに十分な数値である、項目1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目19)
nが1〜20の間である、項目1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目20)
nが4〜12である、項目1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目21)
nが、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、または12である、項目1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目22)
Tがアプタマーである、項目1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目23)
Tが、MUC−1、EGFR、FOL1R、クローディン4、MUC−4、CXCR4、CCR7、ソマトスタチン受容体4、Erb−B2(赤芽球性白血病発癌遺伝子相同体2)受容体、CD44受容体、VEGF受容体−2キナーゼ、およびヌクレオリンからなる群から選択される受容体に存在する部位を標的にするアプタマーである、項目1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目24)
式:
A−[(EG)(P)] n −T
を有するコンジュゲートであって、式中、
Aは、結合成分であり、
[(EG)(P)] n は、連結基であり(式中、下付き文字nは、1〜約40の整数であり、
各EGは、トリエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、ペンタエチレングリコール、ヘキサエチレングリコール、ヘプタエチレングリコール、およびオクタエチレングリコールからなる群から独立して選択され、
Pは、ホスフェートおよびチオホスフェートからなる群から独立して選択される)、および、
Tは、ターゲティング剤である、コンジュゲート。
(項目25)
前記結合成分が、ナノキャリアへの共有結合のための官能基を含む、項目24に記載のコンジュゲート。
(項目26)
前記結合成分が脂質である、項目24に記載のコンジュゲート。
(項目27)
前記脂質が、リン脂質、糖脂質、スフィンゴ脂質、およびコレステロールからなる群から選択される、項目26に記載のコンジュゲート。
(項目28)
nが1〜20の間である、項目24に記載のコンジュゲート。
(項目29)
nが4〜12である、項目24に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目30)
nが、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、または12である、項目24に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目31)
nが8である、項目24に記載のコンジュゲート。
(項目32)
Tがアプタマーである、項目24に記載のコンジュゲート。
(項目33)
式:
(DT)−[(EG)(P)] m −T
を有するコンジュゲートであって、式中、
DTは、診断剤、治療剤、またはこれらの組合せであり、
[(EG)(P)] m は、連結基であり(式中、下付き文字mは、1〜約40の整数であり、
各EGは、トリエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、ペンタエチレングリコール、ヘキサエチレングリコール、ヘプタエチレングリコール、およびオクタエチレングリコールからなる群から独立して選択され、
Pは、ホスフェートおよびチオホスフェートからなる群から独立して選択される)、および、
Tは、ターゲティング剤である、コンジュゲート。
(項目34)
前記診断剤が、放射性作用物質、蛍光剤、または造影剤である、項目33に記載のコンジュゲート。
(項目35)
前記診断剤が、 111 In−DTPA、 99m Tc(CO) 3 −DTPA、および 99m Tc(CO) 3 −ENPy2からなる群から選択される放射性作用物質である、項目33に記載のコンジュゲート。
(項目36)
前記診断剤が蛍光剤である、項目34に記載のコンジュゲート。
(項目37)
前記診断剤がMR剤またはX線造影剤である、項目33に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目38)
前記治療剤が、ドキソルビシン、シスプラチン、オキサリプラチン、カルボプラチン、5−フルオロウラシル、ゲムシタビン(gemcitibine)、およびタキサンからなる群から選択される抗がん剤である、項目33に記載のコンジュゲート。
(項目39)
mが1〜20の間である、項目33に記載のコンジュゲート。
(項目40)
Tがアプタマーである、項目33に記載のコンジュゲート。
(項目41)
Tが、MUC−1、EGFR、FOL1R、クローディン4、MUC−4、CXCR4、CCR7、ソマトスタチン受容体4、Erb−B2(赤芽球性白血病発癌遺伝子相同体2)受容体、CD44受容体、VEGF受容体−2キナーゼ、およびヌクレオリンからなる群から選択される受容体に存在する部位を標的にするアプタマーである、項目33に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目42)
標的化送達用組成物を調製する方法であって、式:
A−[(EG)(P)] n −T
を有するコンジュゲートに、治療剤または診断剤を含むナノキャリアを結合させるステップを含み、式中、
Aは、該コンジュゲートを該ナノキャリアに結合させるための結合成分であり、
[(EG)(P)] n は、連結基であり(式中、下付き文字nは、1〜約40の整数であり、
各EGは、トリエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、ペンタエチレングリコール、ヘキサエチレングリコール、ヘプタエチレングリコール、およびオクタエチレングリコールからなる群から独立して選択され、
Pは、ホスフェートおよびチオホスフェートからなる群から独立して選択される)、および、
Tは、ターゲティング剤である、方法。
(項目43)
前記結合成分が脂質である、項目42に記載の方法。
(項目44)
前記脂質が、リン脂質、糖脂質、スフィンゴ脂質、コレステロール、またはコレステロール誘導体である、項目43に記載の方法。
(項目45)
前記コンジュゲートの前記A部分が、前記ナノキャリアの脂質二重層部分中に存在する、項目42に記載の方法。
(項目46)
前記ナノキャリアがリポソームである、項目45に記載の方法。
(項目47)
nが1〜20の間である、項目42に記載の方法。
(項目48)
nが4〜12である、項目42に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目49)
nが、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、または12である、項目42に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
(項目50)
Tがアプタマーである、項目42に記載の方法。
(項目51)
被験体におけるがん状態を処置または診断するための方法であって、項目1に記載の標的化送達用組成物を該被験体に投与するステップを含み、前記治療剤または診断剤は、該状態を処置または診断するのに十分である、方法。
(項目52)
Tが、MUC−1、EGFR、クローディン4、MUC−4、CCR7、ソマトスタチン受容体4、Erb−B2(赤芽球性白血病発癌遺伝子相同体2)受容体、CD44受容体、VEGF受容体−2キナーゼ、およびヌクレオリンからなる群から選択される受容体に存在する部位を標的にするアプタマーである、項目51に記載の方法。
(項目53)
前記ナノキャリアが、ドキソルビシン、シスプラチン、オキサリプラチン、カルボプラチン、5−フルオロウラシル、ゲムシタビン(gemcitibine)、およびタキサンからなる群から選択される抗がん剤に埋め込まれ、該抗がん剤に被包され、または該抗がん剤に繋ぎ止められている、項目51に記載の方法。
(項目54)
標的化治療処置についての被験体の適性を判定する方法であって、項目1に記載の標的化送達用組成物を該被験体に投与するステップであって、前記ナノキャリアは診断剤を含むステップと、該被験体を画像化して該診断剤を検出するステップとを含む方法。
(項目55)
被験体に治療剤を送達するための方法であって、項目33に記載のコンジュゲートを該被験体に投与するステップを含み、DTは治療剤である、方法。
(項目56)
標的化治療処置についての被験体の適性を判定する方法であって、項目33に記載のコンジュゲートを該被験体に投与するステップであって、DTは診断剤であるステップと、該被験体を画像化して該診断剤を検出するステップとを含む方法。
I.定義
本明細書において使用する場合、用語「標的化送達用組成物」は、本明細書でさらに記載されるように、式:A−[(EG)(P)]n−Tを有するコンジュゲートに結合したナノキャリアの組成物、またはナノキャリアに結合していない式:(DT)−[(EG)(P)]m−Tを有するコンジュゲートの両方を指す。本発明の組成物は、治療用組成物として、診断用組成物として、または治療用組成物および診断用組成物の両方として使用することができる。ある特定の実施形態では、上記組成物は、本明細書でさらに記載されるように、被験体または試験試料内の特定の標的に標的化することができる。
II.概要
本発明は、被験体における疾患状態の処置および診断における標的化送達用組成物およびこれらの使用方法を提供する。開示される上記組成物および方法は、現存する手法に対していくつかの有益な特徴をもたらす。例えば、上記標的化送達用組成物は、別々の数のモノマーを有するように合成することができる連結基を含み、これは、例えば、特定の長さおよび/または化学的特性をもたらすように調整することができる。さらに、上記連結基を構成するモノマーは、完全にカスタマイズ可能であり、1つのタイプのみのモノマー、または任意の順序で複数のタイプのモノマーを含むように調製することができる。上記連結基は、単純な自動合成を可能にする固相支持体上で合成することもできる。上記連結基に加えて、上記標的化送達用組成物は、通常の投与量で投与される場合に、他の点で患者に毒性となり得る作用物質をより低い用量で利用することによって、疾患をより有効に処置するのに使用することができる。
A.ナノキャリアを含む標的化送達用組成物
一態様では、本発明の標的化送達用組成物は、(a)治療剤もしくは診断剤またはこれらの組合せを含むナノキャリアと、(b)式:A−[(EG)(P)]n−Tを有するコンジュゲートであって、式中、Aは、上記コンジュゲートを上記ナノキャリアに結合させるための結合成分であり、[(EG)(P)]nは連結基であり(式中、下付き文字のnは、1〜約40の整数であり、各EGは、トリエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、ペンタエチレングリコール、ヘキサエチレングリコール、ヘプタエチレングリコール、およびオクタエチレングリコールからなる群から独立して選択され、Pは、ホスフェートおよびチオホスフェートからなる群から独立して選択される)、および、Tはターゲティング剤であるコンジュゲートとを含む、標的化送達用組成物を含むことができる。
多種多様なナノキャリアを、上記標的化送達用組成物を構築するのに使用することができる。当業者によって理解されるように、上記ナノキャリアの特性、例えば、サイズは、上記ナノキャリアのタイプおよび/または用途、ならびに当技術分野で一般に周知である他の要因に依存し得る。適当な粒子は、球体、スフェロイド、平型、板形状、管、立方体、直平行六面体、長円形、楕円、円柱、円錐体、角錐とすることができる。適当なナノキャリアは、約1nm〜約1000nm、約10nm〜約200nm、および約50nm〜約150nmの最大寸法(例えば、直径)のサイズの範囲とすることができる。
ある特定の実施形態では、ナノキャリアを含む上記標的化送達用組成物はまた、式:A−[(EG)(P)]n−Tを有するコンジュゲートを含むことができ、ここで、結合成分Aは、上記コンジュゲートをナノキャリアに結合させるのに使用することができる。上記結合成分は、上記ナノキャリアの表面などの上記ナノキャリア上の任意の位置に結合することができる。上記結合成分は、共有結合および/または非共有結合を含めた様々な方法を通じて上記ナノキャリアに結合することができる。以下にさらに記載されるように、上記コンジュゲートは、[(EG)(P)]n連結基およびターゲティング剤、Tも含む。
連結基は、本発明の標的化送達用組成物の別の特徴である。当業者は、様々な連結基が当技術分野で公知であり、これらは、例えば、以下の参考文献において見出すことができることを理解することができる:Hermanson, G.T.、Bioconjugate Techniques、2版、Academic Press, Inc.(2008年)。本発明の連結基は、コンジュゲートの異なる部分、例えば、AとTの間に間隔(spacing)をもたらすことなど、上記組成物に追加の特性をもたらすのに使用することができる。この間隔は、例えば、ターゲティング剤が標的に結合するとき、例えば、上記ナノキャリアによって引き起こされる立体障害問題を克服するのに使用することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、連結基は、上記標的化送達用組成物の物理的性質を変化させるのに使用することができる。
本発明の標的化治療送達用組成物または標的化診断送達用組成物において使用されるナノキャリアは、治療剤、診断剤、またはこれらの組合せを含む。上記治療剤および/または診断剤は、上記ナノキャリア中、上記ナノキャリア上、または上記ナノキャリアの周囲のどこにでも存在することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、上記治療剤および/または診断剤は、上記ナノキャリアに埋め込み、上記ナノキャリアに被包され、または上記ナノキャリアに繋ぎ止めることができる。ある特定の実施形態では、上記ナノキャリアは、リポソームであり、上記診断剤および/または治療剤は、このリポソームに被包されている。
剤、塩酸テロキサントロン、テモポルフィン、テモゾロミド、テニポシド、テロキシロン、テストラクトン、テトラクロロデカオキシド、テトラゾミン、タリブラスチン、サリドマイド、チアミプリン、チオコラリン、チオグアニン、チオテパ、トロンボポエチン、トロンボポエチン模倣体、チマルファシン、サイモポエチン受容体アゴニスト、チモトリナン、甲状腺刺激ホルモン、チアゾフリン、スズエチルエチオプルプリン、チラパザミン、二塩化チタノセン、塩酸トポテカン、トプセンチン、トレミフェン、クエン酸トレミフェン、全能性幹細胞因子、翻訳阻害剤、酢酸トレストロン、トレチノイン、トリアセチルウリジン、トリシリビン、リン酸トリシリビン、トリメトレキセート、グルクロン酸トリメトレキセート、トリプトレリン、トロピセトロン、塩酸ツブロゾール、ツロステリド、チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤、チロホスチン、UBC阻害剤、ウベニメクス、ウラシルマスタード、ウレデパ、尿生殖洞由来増殖阻害因子、ウロキナーゼ受容体アンタゴニスト、バプレオチド、バリオリンB、ベラレソール、ベラミン、ベルジン、ベルテポルフィン、硫酸ビンブラスチン、硫酸ビンクリスチン、ビンデシン、硫酸ビンデシン、硫酸ビネピジン、硫酸ビングリシネート、硫酸ビンロイロシン、ビノレルビン、酒石酸ビノレルビン、硫酸ビンロシジン、ビンキサルチン、硫酸ビンゾリジン、ビタキシン、ボロゾール、ザノテロン、ゼニプラチン、ジラスコルブ、ジノスタチン、ジノスタチンスチマラマー、またはゾルビシン塩酸塩を挙げることができる。
本発明において使用される診断剤は、例えば、以下の参考文献、すなわち、Armstrongら、Diagnostic Imaging、5版、Blackwell Publishing(2004年);Torchilin, V. P.編、Targeted Delivery of Imaging Agents、CRC Press(1995年);Vallabhajosula, S.、Molecular Imaging: Radiopharmaceuticals for PET and SPECT、Springer(2009年)に示されているような、当技術分野で公知の任意の診断剤を挙げることができる。診断剤は、それだけに限らないが、γ放射シグナル、放射性シグナル、エコー源性シグナル、光学シグナル、蛍光シグナル、吸収シグナル、磁気シグナル、または断層撮影シグナルを含む検出可能なシグナルをもたらし、かつ/または増強する作用物質としてを含めて、様々な方法によって検出することができる。上記診断剤を画像化するための技法として、それだけに限らないが、単光子放出コンピュータ断層撮影(SPECT)、磁気共鳴画像化法(MRI)、光学的画像化法、ポジトロン放出断層撮影(PET)、コンピュータ断層撮影(CT)、X線画像化法、およびγ線画像化法などを挙げることができる。
本発明の標的化送達用組成物は、T、ターゲティング剤も含む。一般に、本発明のターゲティング剤は、臓器、組織、細胞、細胞外マトリックス、または細胞内領域に関連した標的などの、対象とする任意の標的に会合し得る。ある特定の実施形態では、標的は、がん状態などの特定の疾患状態に関連し得る。あるいは、ターゲティング成分は、例えば、細胞、組織、および/または被験体の特定の疾患および/または特定の状態を示す標的を有することができる1つまたは複数の特定のタイプの細胞を標的にすることができる。いくつかの実施形態では、上記ターゲティング成分は、受容体などの唯一の標的に特異的であり得る。適当な標的として、それだけに限らないが、DNA、RNAなどの核酸、またはこれらの修飾誘導体を挙げることができる。適当な標的として、それだけに限らないが、タンパク質、例えば、細胞外タンパク質、受容体、細胞表面受容体、腫瘍マーカー、膜貫通タンパク質、酵素、または抗体も挙げることができる。適当な標的として、例えば、細胞表面に存在し得る単糖、二糖、または多糖などの炭水化物を挙げることができる。ある特定の実施形態では、適当な標的として、MUC−1およびMUC−4などのムチン、EGFRなどの増殖因子受容体、クローディン4、ヌクレオリンなどの核小体リンタンパク質、CCR7などのケモカイン受容体、ソマトスタチン受容体4、Erb−B2(赤芽球性白血病発癌遺伝子相同体2)受容体、CD44受容体、ならびにVEGF受容体−2キナーゼなどの受容体を挙げることができる。
別の態様では、本発明は、本明細書に開示される標的化送達用組成物の個々の成分を提供する。特に、本発明は、式:A−[(EG)(P)]n−Tを有するコンジュゲートを含み、式中、Aは、結合成分であり、[(EG)(P)]nは、連結基であり(式中、下付き文字nは、1〜約40の整数であり、各EGは、トリエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、ペンタエチレングリコール、ヘキサエチレングリコール、ヘプタエチレングリコール、およびオクタエチレングリコールからなる群から独立して選択され、Pは、ホスフェートおよびチオホスフェートからなる群から独立して選択される)、およびTは、ターゲティング剤である。
なおさらに別の態様では、本発明は、診断剤および/または治療剤が連結基に直接結合した標的化送達用組成物を提供する。一実施形態では、本発明の標的化送達用組成物は、式:(DT)−[(EG)(P)]m−Tを有するコンジュゲートを含み、式中、DTは、診断剤、治療剤、またはこれらの組合せであり、[(EG)(P)]mは、連結基であり(式中、下付き文字mは、1〜約40の整数であり、各EGは、トリエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、ペンタエチレングリコール、ヘキサエチレングリコール、ヘプタエチレングリコール、およびオクタエチレングリコールからなる群から独立して選択され、Pは、ホスフェートおよびチオホスフェートからなる群から独立して選択される)、およびTは、ターゲティング剤である。
A.ナノキャリアを含む標的化送達用組成物
本発明の標的化送達用組成物は、様々な方法で生成することができる。一態様では、本発明の標的化送達用組成物は、標的化送達用組成物を調製する方法であって、式:A−[(EG)(P)]n−Tを有するコンジュゲートに、治療剤または診断剤を含むナノキャリアを結合させるステップを含み、式中、Aは、上記コンジュゲートを上記ナノキャリアに結合させるための結合成分であり、[(EG)(P)]nは、連結基であり(式中、下付き文字nは、1〜約40の整数であり、各EGは、トリエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、ペンタエチレングリコール、ヘキサエチレングリコール、ヘプタエチレングリコール、およびオクタエチレングリコールからなる群から独立して選択され、Pは、ホスフェートおよびチオホスフェートからなる群から独立して選択される)、およびTは、ターゲティング剤である方法を使用して調製することができる。
ナノキャリアは、当技術分野で一般に公知の様々な方法によって生成することができ、このようなナノキャリアを作製する方法は、望まれる特定のナノキャリアに依存し得る。当技術分野で利用可能な任意の測定技法を、上記標的化送達用組成物およびナノキャリアの特性を決定するのに使用することができる。例えば、動的光散乱、X線光電子顕微鏡法、粉末X線回折、走査電子顕微鏡法(SEM)、透過型電子顕微鏡法(TEM)、および原子間力顕微鏡法(AFM)などの技法を使用することによって、上記ナノキャリアおよび/または標的化送達用組成物の平均サイズおよび分散度を決定することができる。
本明細書でさらに記載される式A−[(EG)(P)]n−Tを有するコンジュゲートは、様々な技法を使用して製造することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、上記コンジュゲート全体は、当技術分野で周知のオリゴヌクレオチドシンセサイザーで合成することができる。ホスホロアミダイト(phosphoramidite)合成を使用して、例えば、標準的な塩基(例えば、dG、dT、dA、またはdC)を含むヌクレオチド配列を、標準的なDNA合成サイクルを使用して合成することができる。ある特定の実施形態では、(HEGp)nなどの[(EG)(P)]nの組込みは、より有効な組込みのために改変された合成サイクルを使用して実施することができる。特に、アミダイト等価物(amidite equivalent)を増加させ、洗浄サイクルを延ばすことにより、連結基としての複数の[(EG)(P)]単位を本発明のコンジュゲートに組み込むことができる。ある特定の実施形態では、次いで、コレステロールまたはコレステロール誘導体(例えば、コレステロール−テトラエチレングリコール)などの結合成分を、標準的な、または改変された合成サイクルを使用して付加することができ、この合成サイクルは、有効な組込みを保証するために、カップリングリサイクルステップを二重にすることを含むことができる。ある特定の実施形態では、上記コンジュゲートを、シリカ系支持体またはポリスチレン系支持体などの固相手法を使用して合成することができる。
式DT−[(EG)(P)]m−Tを有するコンジュゲートは、当技術分野で一般に周知の方法を使用して調製することができる。ある特定の実施形態では、キレーターを[(EG)(P)]m連結基に結合させることができ、次いでターゲティング剤を上記[(EG)(P)]m連結基の他端に結合させることができる。次いで、放射性同位体をキレーターと錯体形成させることができる。しかし、本発明は、上記コンジュゲートを作製するためのステップのいくつかの順序を企図する。いくつかの実施形態では、ある特定のステップを逆転させることができる。例えば、キレーターを放射性同位体と組み合わせることによって診断成分を形成することができ、次いでこれは、慣例的な化学反応を使用して、[(EG)(P)]m連結基とさらに反応させることができる。次いで、上記ターゲティング剤、例えば、アプタマーを、本明細書に記載されるように、上記[(EG)(P)]m連結基の他端に結合させることができる。なおさらに別の態様では、治療剤を[(EG)(P)]m連結基に結合させることができ、上記ターゲティング剤、例えば、アプタマーを、本明細書に記載されるように、上記連結基の反対の末端に結合させることができる。上記診断成分および/または治療成分を、上記に提供した例以外のいくつかの異なる方法で構築することができることを当業者は理解する。さらに、上記診断成分または治療成分の作製は、使用される特定の診断剤および/または治療剤に依存し得る。
本明細書に記載されるように、本発明の標的化送達用組成物および方法は、被験体に伴う任意の疾患、障害、および/または状態を処置および/または診断するのに使用することができる。一実施形態では、本発明の方法は、被験体におけるがん状態を処置または診断するための方法であって、ナノキャリアを含む本発明の標的化送達用組成物を上記被験体に投与するステップを含み、ここで、上記治療剤または診断剤は、上記状態を処置または診断するのに十分である方法を含む。ある特定の実施形態では、上記がん状態は、本発明の標的化送達用組成物のターゲティング剤によって標的にされている受容体を十分に発現する(例えば細胞表面にまたは血管系に)がんを含むことができる。
いくつかの実施形態では、本発明は、標的化送達用組成物および生理学的に(すなわち、薬学的に)許容されるキャリアを含むことができる。本明細書において使用する場合、用語「キャリア」は、治療剤などの薬物のための希釈剤またはビヒクルとして使用される一般的に不活性な物質を指す。この用語は、上記組成物に凝集性の品質を付与する一般的に不活性な物質も包含する。典型的には、上記生理学的に許容されるキャリアは、液体形態で存在する。液体キャリアの例には、生理食塩水、リン酸塩緩衝液、通常の緩衝食塩水(135〜150mMのNaCl)、水、緩衝水(buffered water)、0.4%の食塩水、0.3%のグリシン、および安定性を増強するための糖タンパク質(例えば、アルブミン、リポタンパク質、グロブリンなど)などが含まれる。生理学的に許容されるキャリアは、投与される特定の組成物、ならびに上記組成物を投与するのに使用される特定の方法によって部分的に決定されるので、本発明の薬学的組成物の多種多様な適当な製剤が存在する(例えば、Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences、17版、1989年を参照)。
ある特定の実施形態では、本発明の標的化送達用組成物は、被験体に送達して、標的化された様式で治療剤または診断剤を放出することができる。例えば、標的化送達用組成物を被験体における標的に送達し、次いで、上記標的化送達用組成物に埋め込まれ、上記標的化送達用組成物に被包され、または上記ナノキャリアになど、上記標的化送達用組成物に繋ぎ止められた治療剤を、上記標的の近傍の溶液条件(solution condition)に基づいて送達することができる。例えば、pH、および塩濃度などの溶液条件により、上記標的の近傍の範囲への、上記治療剤の短期間または長期間にわたる放出を誘発することができる。あるいは、酵素は、上記標的化送達用組成物から上記治療剤または診断剤を切断することによって、放出を開始することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、上記標的化送達用組成物は、エンドサイトーシスによって細胞の内部領域に送達され、リソソームなどの細胞の内部コンパートメント内で場合により後に分解され得る。当業者は、治療剤または診断剤の標的化送達が、当技術分野で一般に公知の様々な方法を使用して実施することができることを理解する。
本発明は、疾患状態を処置および/または診断するために、被験体に上記標的化送達用組成物を投与するためのキットも提供する。このようなキットは、典型的には、がん状態などの疾患状態を処置および/または診断するのに必要な2つ以上の成分を含む。成分として、本発明の標的化送達用組成物、試薬、容器、および/または装置を挙げることができる。いくつかの実施形態では、キット内の容器は、使用する前に放射標識される放射性薬品を含む標的化送達用組成物を含有することができる。上記キットは、上記標的化送達用組成物を投与するのに必要な反応成分またはバッファのいずれもさらに含むことができる。さらに、上記標的化送達用組成物は、凍結乾燥形態であり、次いで投与前に再構成することができる。
図1は、本明細書に記載されるアプタマー−(HEGp)n−コレステロールコンジュゲートの一般的な図解を示す。上記コレステロールは、ナノキャリアの疎水性領域に上記コンジュゲートを繋留するように機能することができる。リポソームの特定の場合では、上記コレステロールは、リン脂質二重層膜の疎水性領域内に繋留され得る。コレステロールは、ゲル状態を流動化させ、上記二重層内の成分を外側に拡散させるための、リポソーム製剤における一般的な添加物である。リンカーは、固相ホスホロアミダイト化学反応を介して、ヘキサエチレングリコール(HEG)の個々のモノマーから合成する。上記ホスホロアミダイト手法により、上記リンカー鎖中のあらゆるHEG単位の後にホスフェート基を配置する。したがって、上記鎖中のHEGpモノマーの数は、ターゲティングアプタマーとナノキャリアおよび/または表面PEGとの間の距離を最適化するために増減することができる。図2は、例示的なアプタマー−(HEGp)n−コレステロールコンジュゲートを組み込んでいる標的化治療リポソームの例示的なイメージを表す。
本発明の例示的な実施形態では、図3中の特定のコンジュゲートを調製した。この実施例のコンジュゲートは、ヌクレオリンに結合する公知のアプタマーAS1411を使用する。ヌクレオリンは、がん細胞の細胞質内およびがん細胞の表面に上昇したレベルで存在することが示されている。AS1411の配列は、5’−GGTGGTGGTGGTGTTGGTGGTGGTGG−3’である。
上記合成が一旦完了したら、その樹脂を真空下で90分間乾燥させ、100mLの圧力容器内に移した。次いで、密閉した圧力容器内で、濃水酸化アンモニウムを用いて、55℃で5時間処理することによって、上記コンジュゲートを脱保護し、支持体から切断した。脱保護した後、その懸濁液を室温に冷却し、放出されたアプタマーコンジュゲートを、真空濾過によって使用済みの固体支持体から分離した。上記支持体を、2×40mLの50%のエタノールで、続いて、2×40mLのdH2Oでさらにすすいだ。次いで、試料を水で希釈して200mLの全体積にし、粗製材料をUPLC&LC/MSによって分析した。UPLCは、いくつかの速く溶出する欠損配列(failure sequence)と、上記コレステロールを含有する完全長生成物について予期される1つの主要な遅く溶出するピークとを示した。この主要な遅く溶出するピークのLC/MSは、所望の生成物の質量と一致した。
上記コンジュゲートおよび欠損配列不純物を含有する切断溶液(cleavage solution)を蒸発させて乾燥させ(回転蒸発、45℃、15mmHg)、中等度の真空下で1時間さらに乾燥させた。このようにして得た残留物を、40mg/mLのおおよその濃度で移動相A(以下を参照)に溶解させた。逆相HPLCカラム(125mgのオンカラム、Phenomenex Clarity Oligo RP Axia、30×250mm)上に注入し、その後、260nmでモニターしながら、イオン対形成条件下で線形勾配を使用して(5〜80%のB/60分;A=100mMの酢酸トリエチルアンモニウム、pH8;B=アセトニトリル)、周囲温度で、45mL/分で溶出することによって、上記試料を精製した。図4A中のトレースに示したように、所望の生成物は、38〜43分に溶出し、欠損配列およびほとんどの他の不純物は、15分より前に溶出した。一連の20mLの画分として、生成物ピークにわたって通常の間隔で生成物を収集した。超高性能液体クロマトグラフィー(Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography)(UPLC)によって、60℃に保持した逆相UPLCカラム(Waters Acquity OST C18、1.7μm、2.1×50mm)上に注入し、その後、260nmでモニターしながら、イオン対形成条件下で線形勾配を使用して(30%のB〜70%のB/10分間;A=1% v/vの1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール、0.1%のジイソプロピルエチルアミン、10μMのEDTA;B=0.1% v/vの1,1,1,3,3,3−ヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール、0.05%のジイソプロピルエチルアミン、10μMのEDTA、50% v/vのアセトニトリル)、0.25mL/分で溶出することによって、画分を分析した。図4B(粗生成物)および図4C(精製生成物)中のトレースに示したように、所望の生成物は、6.5〜7分間に溶出した。クロマトグラム中の主要ピークのm/z(エレクトロスプレーイオン化、陰イオンモード)は、提案した構造と一致した。(実験による正確な質量:11747.9Da;計算値:11746.8Da)。負に帯電したイオン(電荷:−19〜−9)を示す、生成物の全イオン電流および質量スペクトルを、図5に示す。
Claims (34)
- (a)治療剤もしくは診断剤、またはこれらの組合せを含むナノキャリアと、
(b)式:
A−[(EG)(P)]n−T
を有するコンジュゲートであって、
式中、
Aは、該コンジュゲートを該ナノキャリアに結合させるための結合成分であり、
[(EG)(P)]nは、連結基であり(式中、下付き文字nは、4〜20の整数であり、
各EGは、トリエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、ペンタエチレングリコール、ヘキサエチレングリコール、ヘプタエチレングリコール、およびオクタエチレングリコールからなる群から独立して選択され、
Pは、ホスフェートおよびチオホスフェートからなる群から独立して選択される)、および、
Tは、ターゲティング剤である、コンジュゲートと
を含む、標的化送達用組成物。 - 前記ナノキャリアが、リポソーム、ミセル、リポタンパク質、脂質被覆バブル、ブロックコポリマーミセル、ポリマーソーム、ニオソーム、酸化鉄粒子、金粒子、シリカ粒子、デンドリマー、および量子ドットからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- 前記ナノキャリアがステルス剤を含む、請求項1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- 前記ステルス剤がポリ(エチレングリコール)である、請求項3に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- 前記治療剤または診断剤が、前記ナノキャリアに埋め込まれ、該ナノキャリアに被包され、または該ナノキャリアに繋ぎ止められている、請求項1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- 前記ナノキャリアがリポソームである、請求項5に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- 前記ナノキャリアが、SUV、LUV、およびMLVからなる群から選択されるリポソームである、請求項1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- 前記ナノキャリアが、ドキソルビシン、シスプラチン、オキサリプラチン、カルボプラチン、5−フルオロウラシル、ゲムシタビン、およびタキサンからなる群から選択される治療剤を含む、請求項1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- 前記診断剤が、放射性作用物質、蛍光剤、または造影剤である、請求項1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- 前記診断剤が、111In−DTPA、99mTc(CO)3−DTPA、および99mTc(CO)3−ENPy2からなる群から選択される放射性作用物質である、請求項1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- 前記診断剤が蛍光剤である、請求項1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- 前記診断剤がMR剤またはX線造影剤である、請求項1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- 前記結合成分が、前記ナノキャリアへの共有結合のための官能基を含む、請求項1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- 前記結合成分が脂質である、請求項1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- 前記脂質が、リン脂質、糖脂質、スフィンゴ脂質、またはコレステロールである、請求項14に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- 前記コンジュゲートの前記A部分が、前記ナノキャリアの脂質二重層部分中に存在する、請求項1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- 前記ナノキャリアがリポソームである、請求項16に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- nは、前記ターゲティング剤が前記ナノキャリアの表面を超えて伸長することを可能にするのに十分な数値である、請求項1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- nが4〜12である、請求項1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- nが、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、または12である、請求項1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- Tがアプタマーである、請求項1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- Tが、MUC−1、EGFR、FOL1R、クローディン4、MUC−4、CXCR4、CCR7、ソマトスタチン受容体4、Erb−B2(赤芽球性白血病発癌遺伝子相同体2)受容体、CD44受容体、VEGF受容体−2キナーゼ、およびヌクレオリンからなる群から選択される受容体に存在する部位を標的にするアプタマーである、請求項1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- 標的化送達用組成物を調製する方法であって、式:
A−[(EG)(P)]n−T
を有するコンジュゲートに、治療剤または診断剤を含むナノキャリアを結合させるステップを含み、式中、
Aは、該コンジュゲートを該ナノキャリアに結合させるための結合成分であり、
[(EG)(P)]nは、連結基であり(式中、下付き文字nは、4〜20の整数であり、
各EGは、トリエチレングリコール、テトラエチレングリコール、ペンタエチレングリコール、ヘキサエチレングリコール、ヘプタエチレングリコール、およびオクタエチレングリコールからなる群から独立して選択され、
Pは、ホスフェートおよびチオホスフェートからなる群から独立して選択される)、および、
Tは、ターゲティング剤である、方法。 - 前記結合成分が脂質である、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記脂質が、リン脂質、糖脂質、スフィンゴ脂質、コレステロール、またはコレステロール誘導体である、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記コンジュゲートの前記A部分が、前記ナノキャリアの脂質二重層部分中に存在する、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記ナノキャリアがリポソームである、請求項26に記載の方法。
- nが4〜12である、請求項23に記載の方法。
- nが、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、または12である、請求項23に記載の方法。
- Tがアプタマーである、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 被験体におけるがん状態を処置または診断するための、請求項1に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- Tが、MUC−1、EGFR、クローディン4、MUC−4、CCR7、ソマトスタチン受容体4、Erb−B2(赤芽球性白血病発癌遺伝子相同体2)受容体、CD44受容体、VEGF受容体−2キナーゼ、およびヌクレオリンからなる群から選択される受容体に存在する部位を標的にするアプタマーである、請求項31に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- 前記ナノキャリアが、ドキソルビシン、シスプラチン、オキサリプラチン、カルボプラチン、5−フルオロウラシル、ゲムシタビン、およびタキサンからなる群から選択される抗がん剤に埋め込まれ、該抗がん剤に被包され、または該抗がん剤に繋ぎ止められている、請求項31に記載の標的化送達用組成物。
- 標的化治療処置についての被験体の適性を判定するための、請求項1に記載の標的化送達用組成物であって、前記ナノキャリアは診断剤を含み、該被験体は画像化されて該診断剤が検出されることを特徴とする、組成物。
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US5567588A (en) | 1990-06-11 | 1996-10-22 | University Research Corporation | Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment: Solution SELEX |
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DE10049074A1 (de) | 2000-10-02 | 2002-04-18 | Andreas Kage | Verfahren zur Selektion hochaffin an ein Target bindender Nukleinsäuren |
WO2006078646A2 (en) | 2005-01-18 | 2006-07-27 | Caltagirone Gaetano T | A class of supramolecular drug molecules and methods of identification and use thereof |
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JP2016026205A (ja) | 2016-02-12 |
WO2012040524A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
EP2618846A1 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
JP2013538829A (ja) | 2013-10-17 |
US20120082616A1 (en) | 2012-04-05 |
CA2811601A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
IL225414A0 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
KR20130136983A (ko) | 2013-12-13 |
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