JP5908092B2 - スクラバシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
スクラバシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5908092B2 JP5908092B2 JP2014531174A JP2014531174A JP5908092B2 JP 5908092 B2 JP5908092 B2 JP 5908092B2 JP 2014531174 A JP2014531174 A JP 2014531174A JP 2014531174 A JP2014531174 A JP 2014531174A JP 5908092 B2 JP5908092 B2 JP 5908092B2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 91
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 67
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 9
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 2
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
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- B01D53/1481—Removing sulfur dioxide or sulfur trioxide
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
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- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
- Separation Of Particles Using Liquids (AREA)
Description
ウェットスクラバは、石炭火力発電所及びセメント工場において、数十年間排気ガスからのSO2を除去してきた好ましい解決手段であることで、特によく知られている。排気ガスは通常、水と石灰石の循環するスラリーによって、石膏を形成しつつ洗浄され、石膏は回収されて脱水される。石膏の大半は販売され、例えばポートランドセメントのフィラーとして用いられる。これらの用途において、SO2の除去効率が98%を超えることは通常である。起こっている化学反応は、形式上以下のように書くことができる。
SO2(g) + CaCO3(s) +1/2 O2(g) → CaSO4(s) + CO2(g) (1)
他の陸上ベースの装置としては、石灰石の代わりに水酸化ナトリウム水溶液がアルカリの中和剤として用いられる。
SO2(g) + 2 NaOH(aq) +1/2 O2(g) → 2 Na++ + SO4 −− + H2O (2)
排ガスを海水で処理することは周知の技術である。表層海水のpHは通常8.1から8.9の範囲である。吸収された二酸化硫黄を中和するのに、この自然のアルカリ度を用いることは、船舶上のイナートガスシステム(IGS)だけでなく、いくつかの陸上ベースの装置からも良く知られている。IGSは40年以上にわたってタンカー業に供給され、今日、海水スクラバはこれらのシステムの多くにおいて統合された部分となっている。海水中の吸収に伴い、SO2は以下の反応によって、最終的に主に水中の亜硫酸水素塩及び硫酸塩となる。
SO2(g) ⇔ SO2(aq) (3)
SO2(aq) + H2O ⇔ HSO3 − + H+ (4)
HSO3 − + O2(aq) → SO4 −− + H+ (5)
H+ + CO3 −− ⇔ HCO3 − (6)
H+ + HCO3 − ⇔ H2CO3 (7)
H2CO3 ⇔ H2O + CO2(g) (8)
海洋用途への陸上ベースのスクラバの採用にむけた別の挑戦は、異なる水を船が進む際に、変化する法的な要請及び変化する条件である。いわゆる排出規制海域(ECA)が、より厳しいSO2の排出基準で制定された。2015年から船舶は、排出規制海域内では、燃料油中の硫黄の0.1%に対応するより多くのSO2を排出してはならない。排出規制海域外では、2020年までは制限は3.5%の硫黄であり、2020年以降は0.5%である。陸上ベースの装置とは違って、このことは、変化する海水のアルカリ度(海水スクラバの場合)、海水温及びエンジン負荷に対処する調整が実施されなければならないのと同様に、船舶が排出規制海域に入った際には、スクラバはさらにずっと効率的でなければならない、ということを意味する。
CO2(g) + OH− → HCO3 − (9)
SO2(g) + HCO3 − → HSO3 − + CO2(g) (10)
2 第一スクラバセクション
3、5 デミスタユニット
4 第二スクラバセクション
7、8 脱ガスユニット
9 循環タンク
10 熱交換器
11 アルカリ化学物質
13 浄水ユニット
14 淡水
15 スラッジ
16、17 海水
18 船外排出管
19a、19b、20、21 バルブ
22 ポンプ
30 制御装置
32、34 ノズル
Claims (7)
- 船舶の船用エンジンまたは船用ボイラーからの排ガスからSO2を除去する方法であって、第一スクラバセクション(2)内の前記船用エンジンまたは船用ボイラーからの前記排ガスが海水で冷却及び洗浄され、その後、第二スクラバセクション(4)内にて、アルカリ化学物質(11)の添加を伴って循環する淡水で洗浄され、洗浄に用いられる前記循環する淡水は、冷却のために用いられる前記海水よりも温かく、前記循環する淡水は冷たい海水と間接的に熱交換され、前記方法はさらに、前記第一スクラバセクション(2)内で洗浄された前記排ガスを、前記第二スクラバセクション(4)内で循環する淡水によって洗浄される前に、デミスタユニット(3)に通すことを特徴とする方法。
- 前記第一スクラバセクション(2)への前記海水の供給が、前記第二スクラバセクション(4)内の循環する淡水で前記排ガスを洗浄し続けている一方で、一時的に停止または削減される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記循環する淡水を、排出される前に浄水ユニット(13)内で清浄化するステップを備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記アルカリ化学物質が、水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)、炭酸ナトリウム(Na2CO3)または炭酸水素ナトリウム(NaHCO3)である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 船舶の船用エンジンまたは船用ボイラーからの排ガスからSO2を除去するためのスクラバシステムであって、前記スクラバシステムは、熱交換器(10)及び第二スクラバセクション(4)と連通して配される第一スクラバセクション(2)を備え、前記船用エンジンまたは船用ボイラーからの排ガスは、前記第一スクラバセクション(2)に供給される海水で冷却及び洗浄されるために、前記第一スクラバセクション(2)に供給されるように配され、このように洗浄及び冷却された排ガスは、前記第二スクラバセクション(4)に供給されるアルカリ化学物質(11)の添加を伴った、循環する淡水での洗浄のために、前記第二スクラバセクションに供給されるように配され、洗浄のために用いられる前記循環する淡水は冷却に用いられる海水よりも温かく、前記循環する淡水は冷たい海水と前記熱交換器によって間接的に熱交換され、前記システムはさらに、前記第一スクラバセクション(2)内で洗浄された前記排ガスが、前記第二スクラバセクション(4)内で循環する淡水によって洗浄される前に、通るように配されるデミスタユニット(3)を備えることを特徴とするスクラバシステム。
- 複数のバルブ(19a、19b)をさらに備え、前記バルブによって前記第一スクラバセクション(2)への海水の供給が、前記第二スクラバセクション(4)内の循環する淡水で前記排ガスを洗浄し続けながら、一時的に停止または削減される、請求項5に記載のスクラバシステム。
- 前記デミスタユニット(3)が、前記第一スクラバセクション(2)の排出口と前記第二スクラバセクション(4)の流入口との間に配される、請求項5に記載のスクラバシステム。
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EP11183416A EP2574393A1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2011-09-30 | Scrubber system and process |
PCT/EP2012/067812 WO2013045272A1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-09-12 | Scrubber system and method |
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US9040005B2 (en) | 2015-05-26 |
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WO2013045272A1 (en) | 2013-04-04 |
EP2760563B1 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
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