JP5906002B2 - ペンタフルオロエタンの製造方法 - Google Patents
ペンタフルオロエタンの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5906002B2 JP5906002B2 JP2009512646A JP2009512646A JP5906002B2 JP 5906002 B2 JP5906002 B2 JP 5906002B2 JP 2009512646 A JP2009512646 A JP 2009512646A JP 2009512646 A JP2009512646 A JP 2009512646A JP 5906002 B2 JP5906002 B2 JP 5906002B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- temperature
- catalyst
- pentafluoroethane
- stage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical group O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006053 organic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229950011008 tetrachloroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,4-dichloro-5-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)acetamide Chemical compound CC(C)OC1=CC(NC(C)=O)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl QPJSUIGXIBEQAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BOUGCJDAQLKBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)C(F)(F)F BOUGCJDAQLKBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum oxyfluoride Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021563 chromium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCMJBECJXQJLIL-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromium(6+);oxygen(2-);difluoride Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[F-].[F-].[Cr+6] QCMJBECJXQJLIL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PLHASFSAGNOMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);oxido-(oxido(dioxo)chromio)oxy-dioxochromium Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O PLHASFSAGNOMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FTBATIJJKIIOTP-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluorochromium Chemical compound F[Cr](F)F FTBATIJJKIIOTP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Zn+2] RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C19/00—Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms
- C07C19/08—Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing fluorine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
- C07C17/20—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
- C07C17/202—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction
- C07C17/206—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction the other compound being HX
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
- C07C17/20—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
- C07C17/21—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms with simultaneous increase of the number of halogen atoms
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
空気または窒素の存在下に低温で乾燥するステップ;
空気または窒素の中で高温(250から450℃、好ましくは、300から350℃)で乾燥するステップ;
温度が350℃を超えないように、フッ化水素含有量をコントロールしながら、フッ化水素酸および窒素の混合物によって低温(180から350℃)でフッ素化するステップ;および450℃までの範囲であり得る温度で、純粋なフッ化水素酸または窒素で希釈されたフッ化水素酸のストリームの中で仕上げるステップ
を含む。
Claims (8)
- ペンタフルオロエタンの製造方法であり、(i)断熱多段反応器中で触媒の存在下にガス相においてパークロロエチレンが、フッ化水素酸と反応して、ペンタフルオロエタンを製造するステップを含み、断熱反応器の第1段階の入口での温度が、280と350℃との間であることを特徴とする、前記方法。
- (ii)軽質生成物の画分および重質生成物の画分を生成するために、ステップ(i)において製造されたストリームを分離するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 重質生成物の画分が、反応器へリサイクルされることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 断熱反応器の第1段階の入口での温度が、320と340℃との間であることを特徴とする、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 反応器中の温度が、410℃を超えないことを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- フッ素化ステップの圧力(絶対圧)が、1と10バールとの間であることを特徴とする、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- HF/有機反応成分のモル比が、5と50との間であることを特徴とする、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 触媒が、ゼロより高い酸化状態の、Ni、Co、MnおよびZnから選択される別の金属を、場合により含む酸化クロム(Cr2O3)ベースの触媒であることを特徴とする、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0604783 | 2006-05-30 | ||
FR0604783A FR2901788B1 (fr) | 2006-05-30 | 2006-05-30 | Procede de fabrication du pentafluoroethane |
PCT/FR2007/051232 WO2007138209A1 (fr) | 2006-05-30 | 2007-05-09 | Procede de fabrication du pentafluoroethane |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014002157A Division JP2014111610A (ja) | 2006-05-30 | 2014-01-09 | ペンタフルオロエタンの製造方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2009538886A JP2009538886A (ja) | 2009-11-12 |
JP5906002B2 true JP5906002B2 (ja) | 2016-04-20 |
Family
ID=37667699
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009512646A Active JP5906002B2 (ja) | 2006-05-30 | 2007-05-09 | ペンタフルオロエタンの製造方法 |
JP2014002157A Withdrawn JP2014111610A (ja) | 2006-05-30 | 2014-01-09 | ペンタフルオロエタンの製造方法 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014002157A Withdrawn JP2014111610A (ja) | 2006-05-30 | 2014-01-09 | ペンタフルオロエタンの製造方法 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8269052B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2024312B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP5906002B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101419070B1 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN101460435A (ja) |
FR (1) | FR2901788B1 (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2008015082A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007138209A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103611525A (zh) * | 2013-11-13 | 2014-03-05 | 浙江衢化氟化学有限公司 | 一种气相法生产五氟乙烷的催化剂及其制备方法 |
CN107456982B (zh) * | 2017-07-28 | 2018-08-10 | 乳源东阳光氟有限公司 | 一种介孔铬基气相氟化催化剂的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4123448A (en) * | 1977-06-01 | 1978-10-31 | Continental Oil Company | Adiabatic reactor |
US5243105A (en) * | 1990-03-29 | 1993-09-07 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Chemical process |
GB9007029D0 (en) * | 1990-03-29 | 1990-05-30 | Ici Plc | Chemical process |
WO1994020441A1 (en) * | 1993-03-05 | 1994-09-15 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Process for producing 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane, process for producing 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane, and method of purifying 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane |
GB9406813D0 (en) * | 1994-04-06 | 1994-05-25 | Ici Plc | Production of pentafluoroethane |
US5545778A (en) | 1994-05-25 | 1996-08-13 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Single stage process for producing hydrofluorocarbons from perchloroethylene |
GB9417116D0 (en) * | 1994-08-24 | 1994-10-12 | Ici Plc | Process for the manufacture of pentafluoroethane |
DE69508708D1 (de) * | 1994-11-29 | 1999-05-06 | Atochem North America Elf | Adiabatische Hydrofluorierung von Chlorfluorkohlenwasserstoffen |
EP1449820B1 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2013-08-14 | Kashima Chemical Company, Limited | Process for producing isopropyl chloride |
-
2006
- 2006-05-30 FR FR0604783A patent/FR2901788B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-05-09 WO PCT/FR2007/051232 patent/WO2007138209A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2007-05-09 CN CNA2007800202707A patent/CN101460435A/zh active Pending
- 2007-05-09 EP EP07766012.4A patent/EP2024312B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-05-09 JP JP2009512646A patent/JP5906002B2/ja active Active
- 2007-05-09 MX MX2008015082A patent/MX2008015082A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2007-05-09 CN CN201510270872.4A patent/CN104926598A/zh active Pending
- 2007-05-09 US US12/302,645 patent/US8269052B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-05-09 KR KR1020087028641A patent/KR101419070B1/ko active IP Right Grant
-
2014
- 2014-01-09 JP JP2014002157A patent/JP2014111610A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2901788A1 (fr) | 2007-12-07 |
EP2024312A1 (fr) | 2009-02-18 |
US8269052B2 (en) | 2012-09-18 |
FR2901788B1 (fr) | 2008-07-18 |
US20090326284A1 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
CN104926598A (zh) | 2015-09-23 |
MX2008015082A (es) | 2009-02-23 |
WO2007138209A1 (fr) | 2007-12-06 |
CN101460435A (zh) | 2009-06-17 |
JP2014111610A (ja) | 2014-06-19 |
KR101419070B1 (ko) | 2014-07-11 |
KR20090013204A (ko) | 2009-02-04 |
EP2024312B1 (fr) | 2014-12-31 |
JP2009538886A (ja) | 2009-11-12 |
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