JP5883795B2 - 炭化珪素質セラミックス及びハニカム構造体 - Google Patents
炭化珪素質セラミックス及びハニカム構造体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5883795B2 JP5883795B2 JP2012536563A JP2012536563A JP5883795B2 JP 5883795 B2 JP5883795 B2 JP 5883795B2 JP 2012536563 A JP2012536563 A JP 2012536563A JP 2012536563 A JP2012536563 A JP 2012536563A JP 5883795 B2 JP5883795 B2 JP 5883795B2
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- silicon carbide
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- honeycomb structure
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Description
本発明の炭化珪素質セラミックスの一の実施形態は、炭化珪素結晶を含有し、炭化珪素結晶中に、「0.1〜25質量%の4H型炭化珪素結晶、及び50〜99.9質量%の6H型炭化珪素結晶」が含有されるものである。
本発明のハニカム構造体の一実施形態は、上記本発明の炭化珪素質セラミックスの一実施形態を材質とするハニカム構造体である。図1、2に示すように、本実施形態のハニカム構造体100は、流体の流路となる「一方の端面11から他方の端面12まで延びる複数のセル2」を、区画形成する多孔質の隔壁1と、最外周に位置する外周壁3とを有する筒状の構造体である。尚、本実施形態のハニカム構造体は、必ずしも外周壁を備える必要はない。
本発明の通電発熱性触媒担体の一実施形態は、上記本発明のハニカム構造体の一実施形態を備え、通電により発熱する触媒担体である。「通電発熱性触媒担体」とは、通電(電流を流すこと)することにより発熱する「触媒担体」を意味する。
(4−1)本実施形態の炭化珪素質セラミックスの製造方法は、特に限定されない。本実施形態の炭化珪素質セラミックスの製造方法は、例えば、成形原料調製工程と、成形工程と、焼成工程とを有する方法を挙げることができる。成形原料調製工程は、「4H型炭化珪素結晶をそれぞれ異なる含有率で含有する」複数種類の炭化珪素質セラミックス粉末を混合して成形原料を調製する工程であることが好ましい。成形工程は、上記成形原料を成形して成形体を形成する工程であることが好ましい。焼成工程は、上記成形体を焼成して4H型炭化珪素結晶の含有率が所望の値に調整された炭化珪素質セラミックスを作製する工程であることが好ましい。この場合、成形原料の調製に使用する炭化珪素質セラミックス中の炭化珪素の含有率は、60質量%以上であることが好ましい。また、成形原料の調製に使用する炭化珪素質セラミックス中の珪素(金属珪素)の含有率は、40質量%以下であることが好ましい。ここで、「複数種類の炭化珪素質セラミックス粉末」の「複数種類」は、炭化珪素質セラミックス粉末を、「含有される4H型炭化珪素結晶の含有量」によって種類分け(区別)したときの「複数種類」を意味する。つまり、4H型炭化珪素結晶の含有量が異なる炭化珪素質セラミックス粉末を、異なる種類の炭化珪素質セラミックス粉末であるとする。そして、「複数種類の炭化珪素質セラミックス粉末」というときは、複数の「4H型炭化珪素結晶の含有量が異なる炭化珪素質セラミックス粉末」のことを意味する。
4H型炭化珪素結晶の含有率が0.1質量%の炭化珪素粉末、4H型炭化珪素結晶の含有率が26.0質量%の炭化珪素粉末及び金属珪素粉末を、70.0:0.0:30.0の質量割合で混合した。炭化珪素粉末は、炭化珪素質セラミックス粉末である。これに、バインダとしてヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、造孔材として吸水性樹脂を添加すると共に、水を添加して成形原料とした。得られた成形原料を真空土練機により混練し、円柱状の坏土を作製した。ここで、炭化珪素粉末と金属珪素粉末とを合わせて(総称して)、「セラミックス原料」と称することがある。また、4H型炭化珪素結晶の含有率が0.1質量%の炭化珪素粉末が、「低4H型炭化珪素粉末」である。そして、4H型炭化珪素結晶の含有率が26.0質量%の炭化珪素粉末が、「高4H型炭化珪素粉末」である。バインダの含有量はセラミックス原料全体を100質量部としたときに7質量部であった。また、造孔材の含有量はセラミックス原料全体を100質量部としたときに3質量部であった。また、水の含有量はセラミックス原料全体を100質量部としたときに42質量部であった。炭化珪素粉末の平均粒子径は30μmであり、金属珪素粉末の平均粒子径は6μmであった。また、造孔材の平均粒子径は、25μmであった。炭化珪素粉末、金属珪素粉末及び造孔材の平均粒子径は、レーザー回折法で測定した値である。
ハニカム構造体(炭化珪素質セラミックス)から、4mm×2mm×40mmの試験片を切り出し、4端子法により抵抗値を測定する。抵抗値は、20℃で測定し、更に、100℃から800℃まで、100℃毎に測定する。得られた抵抗値より、比抵抗を算出する。
炭化珪素の結晶多形の定量は、粉末試料のX線回折法(Ruskaの方法(J.Mater.Sci.,14,2013−2017(1979)))で行う。
「比抵抗の測定」において、比抵抗の値が最小となる温度を「最小比抵抗となる温度(TR−Min)」とする。
通電時の安定性は、600Vで通電した時の担体内の温度分布を、熱電対を用いて測定し(ハニカム構造体内を、均等に39箇所、温度測定する。)、担体内の平均温度が500℃に達した時の温度分布を求めることにより、評価した。
耐熱性は、上記「通電時の安定性」の試験と同様にして、担体内の平均温度が500℃に達するまで、600Vでの通電を行い、500℃に達した後に通電を止めて50℃まで冷却する。この昇温、冷却を1サイクルとし、このサイクルを100サイクル繰り返した後の3C型炭化珪素結晶の転移率を求めることにより、評価した。3C型炭化珪素結晶の転移率は、耐熱試験前の3C型炭化珪素結晶の含有率から耐熱性試験後の3C型炭化珪素結晶の含有率を引いた値を、耐熱試験前の3C型炭化珪素結晶の含有率で除して、得られた値を100倍した値である。
製造条件の一部を表1に示すように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてハニカム構造体(炭化珪素質セラミックス)を作製した。得られたハニカム構造体について、上記方法で「比抵抗」の測定を行った。結果を表2に示す。尚、表1において、「低4H型炭化珪素粉末」の「含有率(質量%)」の欄は、炭化珪素粉末全体と金属珪素の合計に対する、「低4H型炭化珪素粉末」の含有率を示す。また、「高4H型炭化珪素粉末」の「含有率(質量%)」の欄は、炭化珪素粉末全体と金属珪素の合計に対する、「高4H型炭化珪素粉末」の含有率を示す。「低4H型炭化珪素粉末」の「結晶構造比率(質量%)」の欄は、低4H型炭化珪素粉末中の炭化珪素結晶全体に対する、各結晶構造(4H型炭化珪素結晶、6H型炭化珪素結晶等)の比率(質量%)を示す。また、「高4H型炭化珪素粉末」の「結晶構造比率(質量%)」の欄は、高4H型炭化珪素粉末中の炭化珪素結晶全体に対する、各結晶構造(4H型炭化珪素結晶、6H型炭化珪素結晶等)の比率(質量%)を示す。また、金属珪素の含有率(質量%)は、炭化珪素粉末全体と金属珪素の合計に対する金属珪素の含有率を示す。また、造孔材の含有量は、「炭化珪素粉末全体と金属珪素の合計」を100質量部としたときの、含有比(質量部)で示している。
Claims (7)
- 炭化珪素結晶を含有する複数の炭化珪素粒子と、前記炭化珪素粒子同士を結合させる珪素とを含有し、
前記珪素の含有率が10〜40質量%であり、
前記炭化珪素結晶中に、0.1〜25質量%の4H型炭化珪素結晶、及び50〜99.9質量%の6H型炭化珪素結晶が含有され、20℃における比抵抗R20と、最小比抵抗RMinとの差であるR20−RMinが、80Ω・cm以下である炭化珪素質セラミックス。 - 窒素の含有量が0.01質量%以下である請求項1に記載の炭化珪素質セラミックス。
- 前記炭化珪素粒子の平均粒子径が、10〜50μmである請求項1に記載の炭化珪素質セラミックス。
- 気孔率が30〜65%である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の炭化珪素質セラミックス。
- 前記炭化珪素結晶中に、15R型炭化珪素結晶が0.1〜20質量%含有される請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の炭化珪素質セラミックス。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の炭化珪素質セラミックスを材質とするハニカム構造体。
- 請求項6に記載のハニカム構造体を備え、通電により発熱する通電発熱性触媒担体。
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