JP5883663B2 - 絶縁層付フレキシブル金属基板およびその製造方法並びに半導体素子 - Google Patents
絶縁層付フレキシブル金属基板およびその製造方法並びに半導体素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5883663B2 JP5883663B2 JP2012014063A JP2012014063A JP5883663B2 JP 5883663 B2 JP5883663 B2 JP 5883663B2 JP 2012014063 A JP2012014063 A JP 2012014063A JP 2012014063 A JP2012014063 A JP 2012014063A JP 5883663 B2 JP5883663 B2 JP 5883663B2
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 125
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 66
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 65
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 98
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010407 anodic oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 45
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical group [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KYRUBSWVBPYWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;iron;sulfane;tin Chemical group S.S.S.S.[Fe].[Cu].[Cu].[Sn] KYRUBSWVBPYWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018084 Al-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001148 Al-Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018192 Al—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004613 CdTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007709 ZnTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001786 chalcogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006059 cover glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium;zinc Chemical compound [Se]=[Zn] SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/04—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a rolling mill
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/18—Zonal welding by interposing weld-preventing substances between zones not to be welded
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K20/227—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer
- B23K20/2275—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer the other layer being aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
- H01L31/0392—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate
- H01L31/03926—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate comprising a flexible substrate
- H01L31/03928—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including thin films deposited on metallic or insulating substrates ; characterised by specific substrate materials or substrate features or by the presence of intermediate layers, e.g. barrier layers, on the substrate comprising a flexible substrate including AIBIIICVI compound, e.g. CIS, CIGS deposited on metal or polymer foils
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/072—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
- H01L31/0749—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type including a AIBIIICVI compound, e.g. CdS/CulnSe2 [CIS] heterojunction solar cells
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
- B23K2101/40—Semiconductor devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/541—CuInSe2 material PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
前記鋼基材と前記Al層との間に、Nが0.5質量%以上のN濃縮層が形成されていることが好ましい。
前記鋼基材は0.1〜5質量%のCrを含むことが好ましい。
前記鋼基材は0.0005〜0.2質量%のTiを含むことが好ましい。
前記鋼基材が0.005〜2.5質量%のMoを含むことが好ましい。
前記鋼基材が0.05〜0.3質量%のNbを含むことが好ましい。
前記加圧接合は熱間加圧接合であることが好ましい。
Alは脱酸剤としての役割を果たすが、一方で、鋼基材の熱履歴によってNと反応してAlNとして鋼中に析出し、N濃縮層の形成を阻害する元素であることから、Al含有量は0.0001〜0.1質量%であることが好ましい。0.1質量%を超えると上記の理由に加えて、加工性が低下するため好ましくない。
Wは鋼中に固溶し、あるいは炭化物を析出し、鋼基材の高温強度を向上させる効果を有する。含有量としては、0.01〜1質量%が好ましい。
CuはPとの相乗効果により耐食性を向上させる。このような効果を得るには0.1〜0.5質量%が好ましい。0.6質量%を超えると熱間圧延時、高温割れが著しくなる。
なお、Sは、母材鋼にとって本質的に有害な元素であり少ないほど望ましいが、0.02質量%までは許容可能である。
なお、MgとLiは併用して用いてもよい。
膜厚が極端に薄い場合、電気絶縁性が低下するとともに、ハンドリング時の機械衝撃による損傷を防止することができない。そのため、可撓性耐熱基板としての用途、またはロールトゥロールでの製造には向かなくなる。膜厚が過度に厚い場合、可撓性が低下すること、および陽極酸化に要するコスト、および時間がかかるため好ましくない。
陽極酸化処理前には、必要に応じてAl層の表面に洗浄処理・研磨平滑化処理等を施す。陽極酸化時の陰極としてはカーボンやAl等が使用される。
II−VI化合物:ZnS、ZnSe、ZnTe、CdS、CdSe、CdTeなど、
I−III−VI2族化合物:CuInSe2、CuGaSe2、Cu(In,Ga)Se2、CuInS2、CuGaSe2、Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2など、
I−III3−VI5族化合物:Culn3Se5、CuGa3Se5、Cu(ln,Ga)3Se5などを好ましく挙げることができる。
I−III−VI2族化合物:CuInSe2、CuGaSe2、Cu(In,Ga)Se2、CuInS2、CuGaSe2、Cu(In,Ga)(S Se)2など、
I−III3-VI5族化合物:CuIn3Se5、CuGa3Se5、Cu(In,Ga)3Se5などを好ましく挙げることができる。
ただし、上の記載において、(In,Ga)、(S,Se)は、それぞれ、(In1-xGax)、(S1-ySey)(ただし、x=0〜1、y=0〜1)を示す。
光電変換半導体層50の膜厚は特に制限されず、1.0〜3.0μmが好ましく、1.5〜2.0μmが特に好ましい。
上部電極(グリッド電極)80としては特に制限されず、Al等が挙げられる。上部電極80膜厚は特に制限されず、0.1〜3μmが好ましい。
以下、本発明の絶縁層付金属基板を実施例によりさらに詳細に説明する。
鋼基材は、表1に示す実施例および比較例の組成の、100μm厚を使用した。
Alめっきは、表1に示す温度の溶融Al浴中に3秒浸漬後に引き上げることで、膜厚約30μmのAlめっき層を形成した。Mg合金Alめっきの場合は、4N純度のAlより融点が低いため、概ね融点の40℃高い温度とした。 尚、めっき層のMg濃度は、浴中のMg濃度より低い傾向を示した。得られためっき層のMg濃度は、表1に示している。
その後、0.5mol/Lのシュウ酸溶液中で、200mA/cm2の定電流電解により、両面に10μmの陽極酸化層(AAO層)を設け、本発明の絶縁層付金属基板(以下、AAO基板ともいう)を得た。
表1に示す鋼基材の組成は以下によって測定した。
N:CHN組成分析による定量値
Ti,Cr,Nb,Mo:ICP分析による定量値(80℃の王水を用いて溶解後にICP分析)。なお、0.001質量%未満(10ppm未満)は、ベースライン上のノイズとの区別がつきにくく、検出限界(−)とした。
表1には示していないが、鋼基材の他の元素の組成については、実施例、比較例共に、CHN組成分析によるC量は0.001〜0.1質量%の範囲であり、Oは不活性ガス融解−赤外線吸収装置によって定量することが可能で0.1質量%以下であり、AlはICP分析により0.001〜0.1質量%であり、MgはICP分析において検出限界であった。また、表1に示すAl中のMg濃度も、ICP分析による定量値(80℃の王水を用いて溶解後にICP分析)である。
真空中の赤外線加熱炉にて、1℃/秒の昇温速度で、550℃−10min保持したAAO基板について測定した。断面SEM観察を行い、めっき層のAlと、めっき原板である鋼との界面に生成する金属間化合物の厚さを測定した。
前述しているが、基板としてフレキシブル性があれば、ガラス基板を用いたものに比較して、広い用途へ適用できる可能性がある。よって、基板としてフレキシブル性を有する事は重要であり、フレキシブル性を曲げ試験によって確認した。
実際には、550℃−10min保持したAAO基板を、それぞれ曲率半径=80mm、40mmの冶具に沿わせ、直交する2方向で、各々10回ずつ曲げ歪みを加えた。目視により以下の基準で評価した。
○:AAOにクラックが入っていない
×:一箇所でもクラック入っている
フレキシブル性を考えると、曲げた事によって絶縁性を失わない事が重要であり、550℃−10min保持したAAO基板を、曲率半径=80mmの冶具に沿わせ、直交する2方向で、各々10回ずつ曲げ歪みを加えた後のAAO基板について測定を行った。片方のAAO面に電極として0.2μm厚さのAuを3.5Φmm直径でマスク蒸着により設け、Au電極に負極性電圧を200V印加した。リーク電流をAu電極面積(9.6mm2)で除した値を、リーク電流密度とした。
一方で、鋼基材が0.002質量%のNを含む比較例1のAAO基板は、N含有量が低いので、550℃−10min後の、Alと鋼との界面に生成する金属間化合物の厚さが厚く、その結果、曲率半径=80mmの冶具を用いた曲げ試験ではクラックが入り、その後のリーク電流値が大きく、絶縁特性が悪いことがわかる。
0.025質量%のNを含む比較例2のAAO基板では、N含有量が多すぎて、鋼基材自体が硬質化してしまい、フレキシブル性を失って、曲率半径=80mmの冶具を用いた曲げ試験ではクラックが入り、その後のリーク電流値が大きく、絶縁特性が悪いことがわかる。
10 絶縁層付金属基板
11 鋼基材
12 Al層
13 陽極酸化膜
14 N濃縮層
40 下部電極(裏面電極)
50 光電変換半導体層
60 バッファ層
70 透光性導電層(透明電極)
80 上部電極(グリッド電極)
Claims (9)
- 鋼基材と該鋼基材の少なくとも片面にAl層とを有する金属基板の、前記Al層上にポーラス構造を有する陽極酸化膜が電気絶縁層として形成されてなる絶縁層付フレキシブル金属基板であって、前記鋼基材が0.0025〜0.02質量%のNを含み、前記Al層がMgを1〜10質量%含有し、残部がアルミニウムおよび不可避不純物から成るアルミニウム合金であることを特徴とする絶縁層付フレキシブル金属基板。
- 前記鋼基材が0.1〜5質量%のCrを含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の絶縁層付フレキシブル金属基板。
- 前記鋼基材が0.0005〜0.2質量%のTiを含むことを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の絶縁層付フレキシブル金属基板。
- 前記鋼基材が0.005〜2.5質量%のMoを含むことを特徴とする請求項1、2または3項記載の絶縁層付フレキシブル金属基板。
- 前記鋼基材が0.05〜0.3質量%のNbを含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜4いずれか1項記載の絶縁層付フレキシブル金属基板。
- 前記鋼基材を溶融アルミに浸漬して前記鋼基材の表面に前記Al層を形成し、該Al層を陽極酸化して前記陽極酸化膜を形成することを特徴とする請求項1〜5いずれか1項記載の絶縁層付フレキシブル金属基板の製造方法。
- 前記鋼基材の表面にAl材を加圧接合して前記Al層を形成し、該Al層を陽極酸化して前記陽極酸化膜を形成することを特徴とする請求項1〜5いずれか1項記載の絶縁層付フレキシブル金属基板の製造方法。
- 前記Al層を形成する処理と、前記陽極酸化膜を形成する処理が、いずれもロールツーロール方式で行われることを特徴とする請求項6または7記載の絶縁層付フレキシブル金属基板の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜5いずれか1項記載の絶縁層付フレキシブル金属基板上に形成されたものであることを特徴とする半導体素子。
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