JP5877805B2 - 発光素子、発光装置、電子機器、照明装置 - Google Patents
発光素子、発光装置、電子機器、照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5877805B2 JP5877805B2 JP2013020242A JP2013020242A JP5877805B2 JP 5877805 B2 JP5877805 B2 JP 5877805B2 JP 2013020242 A JP2013020242 A JP 2013020242A JP 2013020242 A JP2013020242 A JP 2013020242A JP 5877805 B2 JP5877805 B2 JP 5877805B2
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- light
- emitting element
- layer
- phosphorescent compound
- light emitting
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 120
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- 238000001296 phosphorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 23
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- FQJQNLKWTRGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-[3-[5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1C1=NN=C(C=2C=C(C=CC=2)C=2OC(=NN=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(C)(C)C)O1 FQJQNLKWTRGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FPOBXNYAWLLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopenta-1,3-diene Chemical compound [Ni+2].CC=1C(C)=C(C)[C-](C)C=1C.CC=1C(C)=C(C)[C-](C)C=1C FPOBXNYAWLLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGSMDHYQABJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxovanadium(2+) 6,15,24,33-tetraphenoxy-2,11,20,29,37,39-hexaza-38,40-diazanidanonacyclo[28.6.1.13,10.112,19.121,28.04,9.013,18.022,27.031,36]tetraconta-1,3,5,7,9,11,13(18),14,16,19(39),20,22(27),23,25,28,30(37),31(36),32,34-nonadecaene Chemical compound [V+2]=O.C=1C=C2C(N=C3[N-]C(C4=CC=C(OC=5C=CC=CC=5)C=C43)=NC3=NC(C4=CC=C(OC=5C=CC=CC=5)C=C43)=NC=3[N-]C(=C4C=CC(OC=5C=CC=CC=5)=CC4=3)N=3)=NC=3C2=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 NGSMDHYQABJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZVQGIPHTOBHAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N perfluoropentacene Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C2=C(F)C3=C(F)C4=C(F)C5=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C5C(F)=C4C(F)=C3C(F)=C21 AZVQGIPHTOBHAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000078 poly(4-vinyltriphenylamine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229960000286 proflavine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C1=O UGNWTBMOAKPKBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoquinodimethane Chemical compound N#CC(C#N)=C1C=CC(=C(C#N)C#N)C=C1 PCCVSPMFGIFTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003698 tetramethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- JIIYLLUYRFRKMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrathianaphthacene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C3SSC(C4=CC=CC=C44)=C3C3=C4SSC3=C21 JIIYLLUYRFRKMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLVONELOQJAYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) phthalocyanine Chemical compound N1=C(C2=CC=CC=C2C2=NC=3C4=CC=CC=C4C(=N4)N=3)N2[Sn]N2C4=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C2N=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 LLVONELOQJAYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K tri(quinolin-8-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 TVIVIEFSHFOWTE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QGJSAGBHFTXOTM-UHFFFAOYSA-K trifluoroerbium Chemical compound F[Er](F)F QGJSAGBHFTXOTM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- QEPMORHSGFRDLW-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3h-1,3-benzoxazole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Zn+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C1(C([O-])=O)OC2=CC=CC=C2N1.OC1=CC=CC=C1C1(C([O-])=O)OC2=CC=CC=C2N1 QEPMORHSGFRDLW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の発光素子について図1を用いて説明する。
まず、燐光性化合物をゲスト材料として用いる発光素子における発光の一般的な素過程を説明する。
(1−1)ゲスト分子の励起状態が三重項励起状態のとき
ゲスト分子は燐光を発する。
(1−2)ゲスト分子の励起状態が一重項励起状態のとき
一重項励起状態のゲスト分子は三重項励起状態に項間交差し、燐光を発する。
(2−1)ホスト分子の励起状態が三重項励起状態のとき
ホスト分子のT1準位がゲスト分子のT1準位よりも高い場合、ホスト分子からゲスト分子に励起エネルギーが移動し、ゲスト分子が三重項励起状態となる。三重項励起状態となったゲスト分子は燐光を発する。なお、ゲスト分子の一重項励起エネルギーの準位(S1準位)へのエネルギー移動も形式上あり得るが、多くの場合ゲスト分子のS1準位の方がホスト分子のT1準位よりも高エネルギー側に位置しており、主たるエネルギー移動過程になりにくいため、ここでは割愛する。
(2−2)ホスト分子の励起状態が一重項励起状態のとき
ホスト分子のS1準位がゲスト分子のS1準位及びT1準位よりも高い場合、ホスト分子からゲスト分子に励起エネルギーが移動し、ゲスト分子が一重項励起状態又は三重項励起状態となる。三重項励起状態となったゲスト分子は燐光を発する。また、一重項励起状態となったゲスト分子は、三重項励起状態に項間交差し、燐光を発する。
次に、分子間のエネルギー移動過程について詳説する。
フェルスター機構は、エネルギー移動に、分子間の直接的接触を必要としない。ホスト分子及びゲスト分子間の双極子振動の共鳴現象を通じてエネルギー移動が起こる。双極子振動の共鳴現象によってホスト分子がゲスト分子にエネルギーを受け渡し、ホスト分子が基底状態になり、ゲスト分子が励起状態になる。フェルスター機構の速度定数kh * →gを数式(1)に示す。
デクスター機構は、ホスト分子とゲスト分子が軌道の重なりを生じる接触有効距離に近づき、励起状態のホスト分子の電子と基底状態のゲスト分子の電子の交換を通じてエネルギー移動が起こる。デクスター機構の速度定数kh * →gを数式(2)に示す。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の発光素子について図2を用いて説明する。
陽極として機能する電極(本実施の形態では第1の電極201)は、導電性を有する金属、合金、導電性化合物等を1種又は複数種用いて形成することができる。特に、仕事関数の大きい(4.0eV以上)材料を用いることが好ましい。例えば、インジウムスズ酸化物(ITO:Indium Tin Oxide)、珪素若しくは酸化珪素を含有したインジウムスズ酸化物、インジウム亜鉛酸化物、酸化タングステン及び酸化亜鉛を含有した酸化インジウム、グラフェン、金、白金、ニッケル、タングステン、クロム、モリブデン、鉄、コバルト、銅、パラジウム、又は金属材料の窒化物(例えば、窒化チタン)等が挙げられる。
陰極として機能する電極(本実施の形態では第2の電極205)は、導電性を有する金属、合金、導電性化合物などを1種又は複数種用いて形成することができる。特に、仕事関数が小さい(3.8eV以下)材料を用いることが好ましい。例えば、元素周期表の第1族又は第2族に属する元素(例えば、リチウム、セシウム等のアルカリ金属、カルシウム、ストロンチウム等のアルカリ土類金属、マグネシウム等)、これら元素を含む合金(例えば、Mg−Ag、Al−Li)、ユーロピウム、イッテルビウム等の希土類金属、これら希土類金属を含む合金、アルミニウム、銀等を用いることができる。
正孔注入層301は、正孔注入性の高い物質を含む層である。
正孔輸送層302は、正孔輸送性の高い物質を含む層である。
発光層303は、発光物質であるゲスト材料と、該ゲスト材料を分散するホスト材料とを含む層である。ゲスト材料としては、燐光を発光する燐光性化合物を用いる。ホスト材料としては、熱活性化遅延蛍光を示す物質を用いる。
電子輸送層304は、電子輸送性の高い物質を含む層である。
電子注入層305は、電子注入性の高い物質を含む層である。
正孔注入層を構成する電荷発生領域や、電荷発生領域308は、正孔輸送性の高い物質とアクセプター性物質(電子受容体)を含む領域である。アクセプター性物質は、正孔輸送性の高い物質に対して質量比で0.1以上4.0以下の比率で添加されていることが好ましい。
電子注入バッファー層306は、電子注入性の高い物質を含む層である。電子注入バッファー層306は、電荷発生領域308からEL層203への電子の注入を容易にする。電子注入性の高い物質としては、前述の材料を用いることができる。また、電子注入バッファー層306は、前述の電子輸送性の高い物質とドナー性物質を含む構成としても良い。
電子リレー層307では、電荷発生領域308においてアクセプター性物質が引き抜いた電子を速やかに受け取る。
203 EL層
203a 第1のEL層
203b 第2のEL層
205 第2の電極
207 中間層
301 正孔注入層
302 正孔輸送層
303 発光層
304 電子輸送層
305 電子注入層
306 電子注入バッファー層
307 電子リレー層
308 電荷発生領域
Claims (9)
- 一対の電極間に、発光層を有し、
前記発光層は、燐光性化合物と、熱活性化遅延蛍光を示す物質とを含み、
前記熱活性化遅延蛍光を示す物質の蛍光スペクトルのピークは、前記燐光性化合物の吸収スペクトルの最も低エネルギー側の吸収帯と重なり、
前記燐光性化合物の吸収スペクトルの最も低エネルギー側の吸収帯のモル吸光係数が、2000/M・cm以上である発光素子。 - 一対の電極間に、発光層を有し、
前記発光層は、燐光性化合物と、熱活性化遅延蛍光を示す物質とを含み、
前記熱活性化遅延蛍光を示す物質の燐光スペクトルのピークは、前記燐光性化合物の吸収スペクトルの最も低エネルギー側の吸収帯と重なり、
前記燐光性化合物の吸収スペクトルの最も低エネルギー側の吸収帯のモル吸光係数が、2000/M・cm以上である発光素子。 - 一対の電極間に、発光層を有し、
前記発光層は、燐光性化合物と、熱活性化遅延蛍光を示す物質とを含み、
前記熱活性化遅延蛍光を示す物質の蛍光スペクトルのピーク及び燐光スペクトルのピークは、前記燐光性化合物の吸収スペクトルの最も低エネルギー側の吸収帯と重なり、
前記燐光性化合物の吸収スペクトルの最も低エネルギー側の吸収帯のモル吸光係数が、2000/M・cm以上である発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一項において、
前記吸収スペクトルの最も低エネルギー側の吸収帯が、三重項MLCT遷移に由来する吸収帯を含む発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一項において、
前記燐光性化合物は、有機金属錯体である発光素子。 - 請求項5において、
前記燐光性化合物は、イリジウム錯体である発光素子。 - 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一に記載の発光素子を有する発光装置。
- 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一に記載の発光素子を有する電子機器。
- 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一に記載の発光素子を有する照明装置。
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