JP5872026B2 - 充電制御装置および充電設備 - Google Patents
充電制御装置および充電設備 Download PDFInfo
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Description
図1は、実施の形態1に係る充電通信システムの構成を示す図である。電気自動車1(電動車両)は、バッテリ10、第1通信装置11、第2通信装置12、充電制御装置13、信号線負荷制御装置14、信号線接続装置15を備えている。バッテリ10の充電を行う場合、電気自動車1は、図1のように充電ケーブル2を介して充電設備3に接続される。本発明において、電気自動車1は、バッテリの電力で駆動されるモータだけを動力源とするものに限らず、例えばモータとガソリンエンジンとを併用したプラグインハイブリッド車でもよい。
λ={V(t)−V(t−Δt)}/Δt …式(1)
続いて、充電制御装置13は、最新時刻tにおける傾きλに基づき、一定時間Txを経過した後における信号線電圧の予測値Vfを計算する。信号線電圧の予測値Vfは、次の式(2)から求められる。
Vf=V(t)+λ・Tx …式(2)
所定値Bを基準にする許容範囲の上限および下限をそれぞれVmax、Vminとしたとき、次の式(3)の関係が満たされれば、ステップS6で、信号線電圧が所定値Bに維持されていると判断される。
Vmin<Vf<Vmax …式(3)
なお、信号線電圧Vが、Vmin<V<Vmaxの関係を満たすことが、第1通信装置11が正常に充電通信を維持できる条件である。
Tx=Td1+Td2+Td3 …式(4)
時間Txを式4のように定めると、式2で得られる信号線電圧の予測値Vfの値は、そのVfが所定値Bに等しくないと判断されたときにステップS8で信号線接続装置15がオフされるタイミングでの予測値となる。時間Txをもっと短くすれば、得られる信号線電圧の予測値Vfの精度が上がるが、ステップ8で信号線接続装置15がオフになるタイミングが、信号線電圧がVfとなると予測されるタイミングより遅れるため、信号線電圧が異常値に達して第1通信が正常に行われなくなる恐れがある。そのため、時間Txは上記の式4のように定めることが好ましい。
第1通信装置11の通信(第1通信)に用いられる信号がPWMのようにHレベルとLレベルとが交互に繰り返される信号である場合、第2通信装置12を信号線に接続させるタイミング(信号線接続装置15をオンにするタイミング)は、信号電圧がHレベルの期間、Lレベルの期間、LレベルからHレベルへの遷移期間(立ち上がり)、HレベルからLレベルへの遷移期間(立ち下がり)のいずれかとなる。
D={(TH−TUP)/(TH+(TL−TDOWN))} …式(5)
立ち上がり時間TUPが大きい場合はデューティ比Dが小さくなり、立ち下がり時間TDOWNが大きい場合はデューティ比Dが大きくなる。
実施の形態1、2では、信号線接続装置15をオンにするタイミングを特に規定しなかったが、例えば信号線接続装置15が機械スイッチで実現されている場合などには、スイッチング(オン/オフの切り替え)時のチャタリングによるノイズが、信号線上に生じる恐れがある。特に、信号のHレベル期間やレベル遷移期間(立ち上がり期間、立ち下がり期間)に信号線接続装置15がオンになると、信号電圧に急激な変化が生じる可能性がある。その場合、信号線接続装置15のオン前後で信号線電圧が維持されるかの判断(ステップS6)を正確に行うことができず、例えばノイズによる電圧変動によって信号線電圧が所定値Bに維持されないと誤判定される可能性がある。そのため、信号線接続装置15をオンにするタイミングは、信号線上の信号のLレベル期間内であることが望ましい。
Ty=Td1+Td4+Td5 …式(6)
よって、信号線接続装置15をオンさせる時刻Tcは、少なくとも時刻T0から遅延時間Ty以上経過した後の時刻として定める必要がある。つまり時刻Tcは次の式(7)の関係を満たす必要がある。
Tc≧T0+Ty …式(7)
以下、信号線接続装置15をオンにする時刻Tcの具体的な設定例を示す。本実施の形態では、信号線接続装置15がオンになったときのノイズを抑えるために、時刻Tcが信号のLレベル期間内になるように設定される。
実施の形態1〜3では、信号線接続装置15をオンにして信号線に第2通信装置12を接続させた後、第1通信装置11による第1通信(PWM通信)が正常に継続できなくなる場合(信号線電圧または信号のデューティ比を維持できない場合)に、信号線接続装置15をオフに戻して第2通信装置12を信号線から切断させていた。第2通信装置12が信号線に接続すると第1通信を正常に継続できなくなる状況とは、電気自動車1および充電設備3が、第1通信および第2通信の入出力強度調整(通信インピーダンス整合)を、仕様や規格で定められた範囲にすることができない状況である。
実施の形態5では、第1通信を行う手段と第2通信を行う手段を電気自動車1および充電設備3の両方が有している場合にのみ、信号線接続装置15のオンを許可する充電通信システムのもう一つの態様を提案する。
実施の形態1〜3では、電気自動車1が有する第2通信を行う手段(第2通信装置12)を信号線に接続させ、第1通信が正常に継続できなくなる場合に、それを信号線から切断させる充電通信システムを示したが、本発明は、充電設備3が有する第2通信を行う手段を信号線に接続させるケースにも適用可能である。
Claims (13)
- バッテリの充電ケーブル内の信号線を用いた通信により充電設備から取得した情報に基づいて前記バッテリの充電を制御する充電制御部と、
前記信号線を用いて第1の通信方式により前記充電設備との通信を行う第1通信装置から情報を取得する第1通信制御部と、
前記信号線を用いて第2の通信方式により前記充電設備との通信を行う第2通信装置から情報を取得する第2通信制御部と、
前記第2通信装置と前記信号線との間の接続と切断とを切り替える信号線接続装置を制御する信号線接続制御部と、
前記信号線接続装置が前記第2通信装置を前記信号線に接続させた前後における、前記信号線の電圧である信号線電圧の変化量を算出する信号線電圧計算部とを備え、
前記信号線接続制御部は、前記信号線電圧の変化量が所定の許容範囲内に収まらなければ、前記信号線接続装置により前記第2通信装置を前記信号線から切断させる
ことを特徴とする充電制御装置。 - 前記信号線電圧計算部は、前記第2通信装置が前記信号線に接続した後、前記信号線電圧の変化から、所定時間後の前記信号線電圧の予測値を算出し、
前記信号線接続制御部は、前記信号線電圧の予測値に基づいて前記信号線電圧の変化量を算出する
請求項1記載の充電制御装置。 - 電動車両のバッテリを充電可能な充電設備であって、
前記バッテリの充電の際、前記電動車両と前記充電設備との間に接続される充電ケーブルと、
前記充電ケーブル内の信号線を用いて第1の通信方式により前記電動車両との通信を行う第1通信部と、
前記信号線を用いて第2の通信方式により前記電動車両との通信を行う第2通信部と、
前記第2通信部と前記信号線との間の接続と切断とを切り替える信号線接続部と、
前記信号線接続部が前記第2通信部を前記信号線に接続させた前後における、前記信号線の電圧である信号線電圧の変化量を算出する信号線電圧計算部とを備え、
前記信号線接続部は、前記信号線電圧の変化量が所定の許容範囲内に収まらなければ、前記第2通信部を前記信号線から切断させる
ことを特徴とする充電設備。 - 電動車両のバッテリを充電可能な充電設備であって、
前記バッテリの充電の際、前記電動車両と前記充電設備との間に接続される充電ケーブルと、
前記充電ケーブル内の信号線を用いて第1の通信方式により前記電動車両との通信を行う第1通信部と、
前記信号線を用いて第2の通信方式により前記電動車両との通信を行う第2通信部と、
前記第2通信部と前記信号線との間の接続と切断とを切り替える信号線接続部と、
前記信号線接続部が前記第2通信部を前記信号線に接続させた前後における、前記信号線上の信号のデューティ比の変化量を算出するデューティ比変化検出部とを備え、
前記信号線接続部は、前記デューティ比の変化量が所定の許容範囲内に収まらなければ、前記第2通信部を前記信号線から切断させる
ことを特徴とする充電設備。 - 前記信号線接続部は、前記デューティ比の変化量が前記許容範囲内に収まった場合、当該変化量を用いて、前記第2通信部が前記信号線に接続した後に前記第1通信部が受信した信号のデューティ比を補正する
請求項4記載の充電設備。 - 前記信号線上の信号のレベル変化を予測し、前記信号線接続部が前記第2通信部を信号線に接続させるタイミングを、前記信号のレベルが所定値になる期間内に設定する
請求項3または請求項4記載の充電設備。 - バッテリの充電ケーブル内の信号線を用いた通信により充電設備から取得した情報に基づいて前記バッテリの充電を制御する充電制御部と、
前記信号線を用いて第1の通信方式により前記充電設備との通信を行う第1通信装置から情報を取得する第1通信制御部と、
前記信号線を用いて第2の通信方式により前記充電設備との通信を行う第2通信装置から情報を取得する第2通信制御部と、
前記第2通信装置と前記信号線との間の接続と切断とを切り替える信号線接続装置を制御する信号線接続制御部と、
前記信号線接続装置が前記第2通信装置を前記信号線に接続させた前後における、前記信号線上の信号のデューティ比の変化量を算出するデューティ比変化検出部とを備え、
前記信号線接続制御部は、前記デューティ比の変化量が所定の許容範囲内に収まらなければ、前記第2通信装置を前記信号線から切断させる
ことを特徴とする充電制御装置。 - 前記充電制御部は、前記デューティ比の変化量が前記許容範囲内に収まった場合、当該変化量を用いて、前記第2通信装置が前記信号線に接続した後に前記第1通信装置が受信した信号のデューティ比を補正した上で、前記バッテリの充電を制御する
請求項7記載の充電制御装置。 - 前記信号線上の信号のレベル変化を予測し、前記信号線接続装置が前記第2通信装置を信号線に接続するタイミングを、前記信号のレベルが所定値になる期間内に設定する接続タイミング設定部をさらに備える
請求項1、請求項2、請求項7、請求項8のうちのいずれか一項記載の充電制御装置。 - 前記充電設備が前記第2の通信方式による通信の開始を待機した状態となったと判断した場合にのみ、前記信号線接続装置に、前記第2通信装置を前記信号線に接続させることを許可する
請求項1、請求項2、請求項7、請求項8のうちのいずれか一項記載の充電制御装置。 - バッテリの充電ケーブル内の信号線を用いた通信により充電設備から取得した情報に基づいて前記バッテリの充電を制御する充電制御部と、
前記信号線を用いて第1の通信方式により前記充電設備との通信を行う第1通信装置から情報を取得する第1通信制御部と、
前記信号線を用いて第2の通信方式により前記充電設備との通信を行う第2通信装置から情報を取得する第2通信制御部と、
前記第2通信装置と前記信号線との間の接続と切断とを切り替える信号線接続装置を制御する信号線接続制御部と、
前記信号線上の信号のデューティ比の変化量を算出するデューティ比変化検出部とを備え、
前記信号線接続制御部は、前記デューティ比が所定時間維持された場合、前記信号線接続装置により前記第2通信装置を前記信号線に接続させる
ことを特徴とする充電制御装置。 - 前記信号線接続制御部は、前記デューティ比が所定時間維持されない場合、前記信号線接続装置により前記第2通信装置を前記信号線に接続させることを許可しない
請求項11記載の充電制御装置。 - バッテリの充電ケーブル内の信号線を用いた通信により充電設備から取得した情報に基づいて前記バッテリの充電を制御する充電制御部と、
前記信号線を用いて第1の通信方式により前記充電設備との通信を行う第1通信装置から情報を取得する第1通信制御部と、
前記信号線を用いて第2の通信方式により前記充電設備との通信を行う第2通信装置から情報を取得する第2通信制御部と、
前記第2通信装置と前記信号線との間の接続と切断とを切り替える信号線接続装置を制御する信号線接続制御部と、
前記信号線上の信号のデューティ比の変化量を算出するデューティ比変化検出部とを備え、
前記信号線接続制御部は、前記デューティ比が所定時間維持されない場合、前記信号線接続装置により前記第2通信装置を前記信号線に接続させることを許可しない
ことを特徴とする充電制御装置。
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