JP5870119B2 - 腸洗浄のための、方法、組成物、およびパッケージ - Google Patents
腸洗浄のための、方法、組成物、およびパッケージ Download PDFInfo
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- JP5870119B2 JP5870119B2 JP2013551968A JP2013551968A JP5870119B2 JP 5870119 B2 JP5870119 B2 JP 5870119B2 JP 2013551968 A JP2013551968 A JP 2013551968A JP 2013551968 A JP2013551968 A JP 2013551968A JP 5870119 B2 JP5870119 B2 JP 5870119B2
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Description
結腸癌による死亡は、存在する癌の早期発見と、スクリーニング大腸内視鏡検査による前癌状態の結腸ポリープ除去の両方のための大腸内視鏡検査の普及により、1980年代半ば以降減少してきている。その結果、アメリカ癌協会は、50歳を超えるすべての人が、10年毎にスクリーニング大腸内視鏡検査を受けることを推奨している。推定4200万人のアメリカ人は、この推奨スクリーニング大腸検査をこれまでまだ受けていない。患者がこの非常に重要な検査を予定に組み込むことを避ける理由の1つは、検査の前に必要な徹底した腸洗浄を受けることに気が進まないからである。患者が検査前に多量に飲まなければならない市販の結腸洗浄溶液は、塩辛く嫌な味があるとの逸話があり、これらの製品の口当たりが、命を救う可能性のあるこの検査を患者が予定に組み込むことを避ける主な理由である。
1)大腸内視鏡検査、外科的検査、または放射線学的検査の前の腸洗浄の質を向上させること;
2)患者が処方された全製剤を消費することを奨励するために改善された味を提供すること;
3)患者が準備しやすく便利であること;
4)溶液の細菌発酵により潜在的に爆発性のガスを生成する危険性を回避すること;
5)糖尿病患者におけるインスリンレベルに影響を与えないこと、あるいは血糖値を上昇させないこと:および
6)安全であること。
C6H8O9(水溶液)+3NaHCO3(水溶液)(R)3H2O(水溶液)+3CO2(気体)+Na3C6H5O7(水溶液)
クエン酸 重炭酸ナトリウム 水 二酸化炭素 クエン酸三ナトリウム
a)重炭酸カリウム0.15〜1.5グラム;
b)重炭酸ナトリウム1.0〜3.5グラム;
c)クエン酸1.0〜4.0グラム;
d)塩化ナトリウム0.1〜1.0グラム;
e)市販のPEG50.0〜140.0グラム、および
f)キシリトール、エリスリトール、リビトール、アラビトール、およびそれらの混合物を含む群から選択されるほとんど発酵しない糖アルコール1.0〜50.0グラム。
好ましい実施形態が、処方され、蒸留水1リットルに混合された。好ましい実施形態は、重炭酸カリウム0.688グラム、重炭酸ナトリウム2.1グラム、クエン酸2.0グラム、塩化ナトリウム1.0グラム、PEG120.0グラム、およびキシリトール2.0グラムを含有した。この好ましい実施形態におけるキシリトールに対するPEGの重量比は60:1であり、算出されたモル浸透圧濃度は、277mOsm/kgであった。溶液中の電解質の濃度を、Beckman DxC 600i同期アクセス臨床システム自動分析装置で測定した。得られた溶液は、43mmol/Lのナトリウム濃度、17mmol/Lの塩化物濃度、7mmol/Lのカリウム濃度、および16mmol/Lの重炭酸塩濃度を有していた。
予備研究では、2人の健康なボランティアが、実施例1に記載の好ましい等張液2リットルを分割投与方式で消費した。有意なけいれん、悪心、または嘔吐なしで、充分な排便が両方の被験者で達成された。製剤を摂取する前と、製剤を摂取した後の朝に血液を採取した。この血液検査の結果を表IとIIに示す。対応のある標本検定は、アルファレベル0.05で電解質、腎機能または血清カルシウムにおいて統計的に有意差がなかったことを確認した。
予備研究では、健康なボランティアは、本発明の高張製剤に記載されるように分割投与方式で好ましい実施形態を消費した。この実施形態では、水1リットル中に再構成された、重炭酸カリウム0.688グラム、重炭酸ナトリウム2.1グラム、クエン酸2.0グラム、塩化ナトリウム1.0グラム、PEG68.0グラム、およびキシリトール30.0グラムを含有した。この好ましい実施形態におけるキシリトールに対するPEGの重量比は2.3:1であり、算出されたモル浸透圧濃度は、355mOsm/kgであった。さらに効果的な排便がこの製剤でもたらされ、その溶液を摂取した結果による有意なけいれん、悪心、および嘔吐は発生しなかった。血清電解質、腎機能、および血清カルシウムを評価するための血液検査を、溶液の摂取前と摂取完了後に行われた。表IIIに示すように有意差はこれらの実験室で認められなかった。
10人の健康なボランティアに、電解質補充溶液(蒸留水1リットル中に溶解した、重炭酸カリウム0.688グラム、重炭酸ナトリウム2.1グラム、クエン酸2.0グラム、塩化ナトリウム1.0グラムを含む)と、本発明の好ましい実施形態(蒸留水1リットル中に溶解した、重炭酸カリウム0.688グラム、重炭酸ナトリウム2.1グラム、クエン酸2.0グラム、塩化ナトリウム1.0グラム、PEG120.0グラム、およびキシリトール2.0グラムを含む)の両方の10ccサンプルを投与し、4つの基準食塩水(0.1重量%、0.2重量%、0.3重量%、および0.4重量%の塩化ナトリウム水溶液)のどれに、それぞれの溶液の知覚塩味が一致するかを質問した。電解質補充溶液を試飲した人々の60%が、知覚塩味に関して、味が最も近いものとして0.2%の食塩水を選択した。好ましい製剤の試験では、知覚塩味に関して、50%の人が0.3%食塩水を、40%の人が0.2%溶液を選択した。知覚塩味に関するどの溶液に対しても、味において最も近似するものとして0.4%食塩水を選択した被験者はいなかった。実験結果を表IVに要約する。
70人のボランティアに、盲検で、本発明、Golytely(登録商標)、およびMoviePrep(登録商標)を含む、ランダムな順序で提示された3つの溶液のそれぞれの2mlサンプルの味見をするよう依頼した。研究のこの部分で利用される本発明の好ましい実施形態は、水1リットルに再構成された、重炭酸カリウム0.688グラム、重炭酸ナトリウム2.1グラム、クエン酸2.0グラム、塩化ナトリウム1.0グラム、PEG120.0グラム、およびキシリトール2.0グラムを含有した。各盲検サンプルは、番号1)最大塩味、番号2)最小塩味、番号3)最も口当たりがよい(64オンスを消費する可能性が最も高い)、および番号4)最良の味、にランク付けした。カイ二乗検定は、その結果を比較することであった。本発明は、p値<0.001の好ましい溶液であり、その結果を表Vに要約する。
定期的な外来による大腸内視鏡検査が予定されており、他の市販の結腸洗浄溶液に対して以前に不耐性であった経験および/または下剤や塩味に対して感受性を有する43人の健康な成人を、この新しい組成物を試すために選択した。重大な医学的問題、心臓病、糖尿病、または何らかの潜在的に重篤なGI病態の患者には、この溶液を提供しなかった。1人の患者を除いてすべての人で腸管前処置の成功が達成された(97.7%の成功率)が、1人の患者だけは、一過性の悪心および嘔吐(2.3%の副作用)のために溶液の摂取を終了しなかった。これは、80%の成功率と8%の全不快感率が報告されている先行技術における他の市販の結腸洗浄溶液について以前に公表された結果(DiPalma JA, The American J Gastro, 104:2275-2284, 2009)と比較して良い結果である。治療に関連する臨床的に有意な変化は、どちらかの製剤を服用した被験者でのその生体サイン(血圧または心拍数)、水分補給状態、または血液化学値において観察されなかった。特に重要なのは、この低塩化物製剤を摂取した結果、血清塩化物、ナトリウム、または重炭酸塩のレベルにどんな有意な変化もないことである。若干の一時的な嘔吐を経験した上記の1人の患者以外は、製剤を摂取した結果による、腹部痙攣、悪心、膨満感、あるいは嘔吐についての他の報告はなかった。本発明は全体としては、この他の製剤には感受性の集団で、有効であり、充分に忍容性であり、そして、充分に受け入れられることが判明した。
呼気中の水素とメタンのレベルを、定期的な外来による大腸内視鏡検査を受ける直前に、142人の患者から得た。患者は、標準的な市販の結腸洗浄溶液の1つを、または上記実施例6で記述した本発明の組成物を消費することにより、検査にあらかじめ備えた。この比較結果を表VIに要約する。
Claims (41)
- 水性希釈剤中で再構成されるとすぐに電解質補充用結腸洗浄溶液を生成する、乾燥組成物であって、
該乾燥組成物は、
a)結腸洗浄溶液1リットル当たり、重炭酸カリウム0.15〜1.5グラム;
b)結腸洗浄溶液1リットル当たり、重炭酸ナトリウム1.0〜3.5グラム;
c)結腸洗浄溶液1リットル当たり、クエン酸1.0〜4.0グラム;
d)結腸洗浄溶液1リットル当たり、塩化ナトリウム0.1〜1.0グラム;
e)結腸洗浄溶液1リットル当たり、ポリエチレングリコール50〜140.0グラム;および
f)結腸洗浄溶液1リットル当たり、キシリトール、エリスリトール、リビトール、アラビトール、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される糖アルコール1.0〜50.0グラム;
を含む、乾燥組成物。 - 水性希釈剤中で再構成されるとすぐに電解質補充用結腸洗浄溶液を生成する、乾燥組成物であって、
該乾燥組成物は、
a)水性希釈剤1リットル当たり、重炭酸カリウム0.15〜1.5グラム;
b)水性希釈剤1リットル当たり、重炭酸ナトリウム1.0〜3.5グラム;
c)水性希釈剤1リットル当たり、クエン酸1.0〜4.0グラム;
d)水性希釈剤1リットル当たり、塩化ナトリウム0.1〜1.0グラム;
e)水性希釈剤1リットル当たり、ポリエチレングリコール50〜140.0グラム;および
f)水性希釈剤1リットル当たり、キシリトール、エリスリトール、リビトール、アラビトール、およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される糖アルコール1.0〜50.0グラム;
を含む、乾燥組成物。 - 前記乾燥組成物が、
a)水性希釈剤1リットル当たり、10〜60ミリ当量のNa + イオン;
b)水性希釈剤1リットル当たり、1.5〜15ミリ当量のK + イオン;
c)水性希釈剤1リットル当たり、10〜60ミリ当量のHCO 3 − イオン;
d)水性希釈剤1リットル当たり、1.5〜20ミリ当量のCl − イオン;
を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物。 - 前記結腸洗浄溶液が、前記結腸洗浄溶液の下剤効果を達成又は増強するために十分な硫酸イオン又はリン酸イオンを含まない、請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物。
- 水性希釈剤中で再構成されるとすぐに、前記乾燥組成物がナトリウム及びカリウム電解質補充用結腸洗浄溶液を生成する、請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物。
- 前記ポリエチレングリコール及び糖アルコールのそれぞれが、浸透圧活性を示すために十分な量で存在する、請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物。
- 前記ポリエチレングリコール及び糖アルコールのそれぞれが、下剤活性を示すために十分な量で存在する、請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物。
- 前記ポリエチレングリコール及び糖アルコールのそれぞれが、便容量を増加させるために十分な量で存在する、請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物。
- 前記電解質補充用結腸洗浄溶液が、水性希釈剤1リットル当たり、1.5〜20ミリ当量の塩化物イオンを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物。
- 前記結腸洗浄溶液が、水性希釈剤1リットル当たり、15〜20ミリ当量の塩化物イオンを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物。
- 前記ポリエチレングリコールが、2000〜8000ダルトンの平均分子量を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物。
- 前記ポリエチレングリコールが、PEG3350である、請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物。
- 前記糖アルコールが、キシリトールである、請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物。
- 前記乾燥組成物が、前記糖アルコールを4.0〜50.00グラム含む、請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物。
- ポリエチレングリコールと糖アルコールとの組み合わせが、前記組成物の少なくとも90重量%を構成する、請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物。
- 前記ポリエチレングリコールの前記糖アルコールに対するグラム比が、2:1〜60:1、1.2:1〜3.75:1、又は25:1〜75:1である、請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物。
- 前記クエン酸が、無水クエン酸である、請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物。
- 前記重炭酸ナトリウム及びクエン酸が、クエン酸三ナトリウムを生成するのに有効な量で存在する、請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物。
- 前記水性希釈剤が、水である、請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物。
- さらに香味剤を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物。
- 前記香味料が、コーラナッツ抽出物、サクランボ風味抽出物、カラメル風味抽出物、アニス油、シナモン油、バニラ、バニリン、ココア、チョコレート、メントール、ブドウ、ペパーミント油、冬緑油、チョウジ油、ベイ油、アニス油、ユーカリ、タイム油、ニオイヒバ油、ナツメグ油、セージ油、ビターアーモンド油、カッシア油、レモン油、オレンジ油、ライム油、グレープフルーツ油、柑橘油、リンゴの抽出物、梨の抽出物、桃の抽出物、ベリーの抽出物、ワイルドベリーの抽出物、ナツメヤシの抽出物、ブルーベリーの抽出物、キーウィの抽出物、イチゴの抽出物、ラズベリーの抽出物、サクランボの抽出物、プラムの抽出物、パイナップルの抽出物、アプリコットおよび果物の抽出物からなる群より選択される、請求項20に記載の乾燥組成物。
- 前記電解質補充用結腸洗浄溶液2リットルが、結腸を洗浄するために十分である、請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物。
- 前記クエン酸が、前記重炭酸塩とは別々に区画されている、請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物。
- 大腸内視鏡検査、または医学的処置、外科的処置もしくは放射線学的処置に備えて、患者の腸を洗浄するための医薬の製造における請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物の使用であって、前記乾燥組成物が、投与の前に結腸洗浄溶液に再構成される、使用。
- 前記溶液が、分割投与方式で投与される、請求項24に記載の使用。
- 1回目の容量の溶液が、大腸内視鏡検査または処置の前の夕方に投与され、且つ、2回目の用量の溶液が、大腸内視鏡検査または処置の前の夕方か当日の朝に投与される、請求項25に記載の使用。
- 前記1回目の容量が、1リットルの容量の溶液を含む、請求項26に記載の使用。
- 前記2回目の容量が、1リットルの容量の溶液を含む、請求項26に記載の使用。
- 前記患者は、前記溶液の投与後に、呼気中メタンレベルが6.1ppm未満となる、請求項24に記載の使用。
- 前記患者は、前記溶液の投与後に、呼気中水素レベルが18ppm未満となる、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物を水性希釈剤中で再構成する工程を含む、結腸洗浄溶液を調製する方法。
- 前記水性希釈剤が、水である、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 発泡を生じさせるため、クエン酸が前記溶液に分離して添加される、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の乾燥組成物を含むキット。
- 前記クエン酸が、前記重炭酸塩から分離されている、請求項34に記載のキット。
- 1つ以上の小袋を含む、請求項35に記載のキット。
- 前記クエン酸が、第1の小袋に存在している、請求項36に記載のキット。
- 前記重炭酸カリウム、重炭酸ナトリウム、塩化ナトリウム、ポリエチレングリコール及び糖アルコールが、第2の小袋に存在している、請求項36に記載のキット。
- 前記クエン酸が、錠剤の形態である、請求項34に記載のキット。
- 少なくとも1リットルの容積の水溶液を保持することができる容器を含む、請求項34に記載のキット。
- 前記クエン酸が、小袋に存在している、請求項1に記載の乾燥組成物。
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PCT/US2011/064670 WO2012102799A2 (en) | 2011-01-28 | 2011-12-13 | Method, composition and package for bowel cleansing |
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