JP5833512B2 - Tsunami shelter - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a tsunami shelter capable of coping with a huge tsunami and enabling emergency evacuation.

  The speed of tsunami on the ocean is very fast, and the speed of the tsunami spreading concentrically around the epicenter is represented by √gH (where g: gravitational acceleration, H: water depth). If the average water depth of the sea is 4000 m, it is said that the average water speed will be about 200 m per second. Facilities for evacuating from such tsunamis are provided in various forms in local governments, etc., but generally there is no choice but to evacuate on foot to a relatively distant hill, and an earthquake warning is issued. Evacuating to the hills and so on each time is accompanied by physical and mental pains, and considering the speed of the tsunami, the current evacuation facilities lack urgency and easy evacuation, or elderly people and walking It is an evacuation site or evacuation facility that is difficult to use for those who have difficulty, and as a result, a large number of dead and missing people have been issued in recent large tsunamis.

  Also, if buildings that are higher than the tsunami's wave height, etc. that are strong in the tsunami are scattered in the vicinity of the living environment, the stairs will evacuate from the tsunami. Although effective, there are few such buildings in the area where the tsunami arrives, and even if they exist, not everyone can run up to it.

  In particular, most of the human damage caused by the tsunami is caused by the elderly and those who have difficulty walking because the tsunami travel speed is very fast as described above and it takes time to reach the evacuation site. Not limited to this, there are major causes of delays in evacuation by healthy people and evacuation guides, so it is installed in a place very close to the living environment of the residents, preferably connected to the living environment, easily and in a short time. It is desirable to secure an evacuation site that can evacuate at low cost.

In order to cope with the above-described problems, conventionally, as disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, a technique for constructing an evacuation container, a house, and the like to surface in a tsunami has been proposed.
However, it is difficult for general residents to construct a thing that is used only as a tsunami countermeasure, such as the tsunami shelter in Patent Document 1, from the economic viewpoint, while in the case of Patent Document 2, In such a configuration, the house itself is directly exposed to a huge tsunami with extremely high destructive power, and in particular, since it receives a tsunami from the side of the house etc., they are not only a problem but also they are destroyed. If not, there is no guarantee that it will rise above the sea surface along the guide, and there is a question whether it can be evacuated from the tsunami without fail.

JP 2011-106142 A Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-16861

The technical problem of the present invention is based on the premise that the evacuation chamber is covered with a minimum shelter shell having a strength capable of resisting a tsunami or reinforced so as to have the strength. It is to provide a tsunami shelter that can keep refugees safe even if it is installed at a low cost lower than the tsunami wave height.
In addition, another technical problem of the present invention is that an evacuation space capable of evacuating from a tsunami including elderly people and those who have difficulty walking can be installed in a place close to the living environment, preferably connected to or part of the living environment. An object of the present invention is to provide a tsunami shelter that is configured as described above and can be easily evacuated from a tsunami in a short time.

In order to solve the above-described problems, according to the present invention, an evacuation room covered with a shelter shell having a strength capable of resisting a tsunami and having a passage opening that allows access to the tsunami is installed on the ground or a lower level of a building. In the evacuation room, a float is attached to the lower surface of the floor board so that the evacuation room can be floated by tsunami water, and ventilation provided in the outer shell of the shelter in the ascending / descending range due to the floating of the floating floor as evacuation space above the shelter shell space than the upper limit of the opening, at least the floor constitute the shelter shell as possible flying to the evacuation space, the shelter shell covering the outside of at least the evacuation space , and those with high airtightness by the non-breathable material, the shelter base for supporting the shelter shell, tsunami water acceptance for flowing tsunami water from the outside to the lower space of the bed plate Discretely opening the tsunami for the shelter is provided.

  In a preferred embodiment of the tsunami shelter according to the present invention, the floating floor is prevented from rising above the height at which the safety of the evacuees on the floating floor can be maintained between the floating floor and the outer shell. An ascent limit setting stopper member is provided, and an elevating guide mechanism is provided between the shelter outer shell and the floating floor for guiding the floor plate in the floating floor to be raised and lowered in a horizontal state.

  In addition, the tsunami water receiving port communicated with a lower portion of a space portion where tsunami water provided below the floating floor in the shelter outer shell is introduced through a channel excavated from the surrounding ground surface of the shelter outer shell. A first tsunami water receiving port and a second tsunami water receiving port that opens to the outer surface of the base of the shelter base at a position higher than the first tsunami water receiving port and communicates with the upper portion of the space portion. When the tsunami arrives, the floating floor can be lifted in a stable posture by the joint action with the lifting guide mechanism.

  Even if the tsunami shelter having the above configuration is constructed assuming a tsunami with a maximum wave height of 20 m, for example, it is not necessary to install the evacuation space in the tsunami shelter at a position exceeding 20 m. Even if the evacuation space can only be arranged to a position lower than that, the internal space located above the upper limit of the ventilation opening such as the entrance and exit in the shelter outer shell only has a certain pressure rise when the tsunami arrives, The shelter shell with sufficient strength to withstand tsunamis will keep evacuees safe.

According to the tsunami shelter of the present invention described in detail above, the evacuation room is covered with the outer shell of the shelter having a strength capable of resisting the tsunami, so that the evacuation room is lower than the expected tsunami height. The safety of evacuees can be ensured even at a cost.
In addition, evacuation spaces that can be evacuated from the tsunami, including elderly people and those who have difficulty walking, are designed to be connected to the living environment in locations close to the living environment, so the tsunami can be easily and quickly installed. Evacuate from.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the evacuation start state at the time of the normal time thru | or tsunami arrival in 1st Example of the tsunami shelter which concerns on this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the state at the time of the tsunami arrival in the 1st Example. It is a top view of the tsunami shelter of the 1st Example. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the tsunami water receiving port in the tsunami shelter of the 1st Example. It is the elements on larger scale which show the aspect of the guide receiver and guide member which comprise the raising / lowering guide mechanism in the 1st Example. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the evacuation state for the tsunami in 2nd Example of the tsunami shelter which concerns on this invention. It is a horizontal sectional view of the evacuation room in the second embodiment. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the evacuation state for the tsunami in 3rd Example of the tsunami shelter which concerns on this invention. It is a fragmentary longitudinal cross-section in another direction which shows the evacuation state for the tsunami in the same 3rd Example. It is a partial top view which shows the evacuation state for the tsunami in the 3rd Example.

  1 to 5 show a first embodiment of a tsunami shelter according to the present invention. The tsunami shelter 1 according to the first embodiment is connected to a normal living area or partly modified and is suitable for accommodating a large number of evacuees. It can also be configured for small groups.

  The tsunami shelter 1 is covered with a shelter outer shell 2 having a strength capable of resisting a tsunami, and is provided with a vent opening including a passage opening 3 that can enter and exit, and an evacuation chamber 4 is formed therein. Yes. The shelter outer shell 2 is necessarily provided with the opening 3 for passage, but the evacuation chamber 4 can also be used for daily use. However, as will be described in detail below, after the water level of the tsunami has risen to the upper opening limit at the highest of the passage opening 3 or the ventilation opening, The water level rises while compressing the air in the shell 2, and the water level is a water level that balances the water pressure at the upper limit of the opening and the air pressure in the shelter outer shell 2, and the water level in the shelter outer shell 2 itself Is much lower than the tsunami wave height. However, the shelter outer shell 2 that covers the outside of the inner space (evacuation space S) located above the upper limit of the vent opening in the shelter outer shell 2 is made of a non-ventilated material, and is strong and highly airtight. It is necessary to keep what you have. Accordingly, it is needless to say that the passage opening 3 does not need to be provided with a door or the like for preventing the entry of tsunami water.

The shelter base 5 that supports the shelter outer shell 2 includes a base portion 5a in which tsunami water receiving ports 14 and 15 described later are discretely opened, and the base portion 5a together with the shelter outer shell 2 has a tsunami destructive force. It consists of a pile body portion 5b driven into the ground to a required depth so that it can withstand.
The shelter outer shell 2 is formed in a box shape with side wall portions 2a to 2d surrounding the four sides and a top wall portion 2e formed integrally with the side wall portion. These side wall portions 2a to 2d and the top wall portion 2e are formed of bearing walls, and as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, of the four side wall portions 2a to 2d, the anti-sea side connected to the living area 6 The passage opening 3 is opened in the side wall portion 2d of the housing, and the passage 7 in the living area 6 and the evacuation chamber 4 in the shelter outer shell 2 are communicated with each other through the passage opening 3. The opening width of the passage opening 3 is formed so as to allow a large number of evacuees to pass through the passage opening 3 in a short time and to easily carry persons with difficulty walking together with a bed with casters or the like. .

  As shown in FIG. 1, the evacuation chamber 4 is desirably provided at a height corresponding to the first floor of the living area in a normal state. In the evacuation chamber 4, a float 9 is provided on the lower surface of the floor plate 8. A floating floor 10 is provided which is attached and made levitate in the evacuation chamber 4 by tsunami water. The floating floor 10 causes the floor plate 8 to move up and down the evacuation chamber 4 in the shelter outer shell 2 when the tsunami arrives due to the action of the float 9, and evacuates the evacuation place formed on the upper surface of the floor plate 8 from the tsunami. It is. In a normal state, a floor plate 8 formed in a rectangular flat plate shape is placed on a floor seat 11 formed around the base portion 5a of the shelter base 5, and the floor plate 8 and the passage 7 in the living area are placed. Since there is no gap between the floor and the floor, even if an evacuee uses a bed with a caster or a wheelchair, it can easily move between both areas. The passage 7 is installed at a height corresponding to a lower floor such as the second floor of the living area, and the evacuation room 4 is provided at a position higher than the height corresponding to the first floor of the living area according to the height. You can also.

A float 9 provided on the lower surface of the floor plate 8 is disposed between the floor plate 8 and the base bottom surface 12 provided on the inner bottom of the shelter outer shell 2, and the floor plate 8 of the floating floor 10 is attached to the floor seat 11. A space 13 is formed around the float 9 so that tsunami water is introduced through the tsunami water inlets 14 and 15 around the float 9.
The float 9 is a rectangular parallelepiped buoyancy material formed of polystyrene foam or the like, and has a buoyancy necessary for the floating floor 10 to float on the tsunami water together with the fixtures and a large number of evacuees placed thereon. As a thing, it forms in the rectangular shape slightly smaller than the dimension of the said floor board 8 by planar view, and in order to maintain the balance at the time of raising / lowering of the floating floor 10, it attaches to the said floor board 8 in consideration of this balance. In order to avoid breakage of the float 9 due to the impact of the tsunami flowing into the lower space portion 13 of the floor plate 8, for example, the float 9 is surrounded by a metal plate having high corrosion resistance such as a stainless plate. It is desirable to do.

  By attaching the float 9 to the floor plate 8 of the floating floor 10, when the tsunami arrives, the floating floor 10 is evacuated by the tsunami water flowing into the shelter outer shell 2 through the space 13 as shown in FIG. 4, even if the tsunami rises to the expected wave height, it rises to the evacuation space S located above the upper limit of the ventilation opening such as the entrance and exit in the shelter outer shell 2 and evacuates on the floating floor 10 In addition, when a tsunami is drawn, the floating floor 10 is lowered in accordance with a drop in the water level of the tsunami flowing out of the space portion 13 in the evacuation chamber 4, and the floating floor 10 is returned to its original position. Return to the position.

  In the shelter base 5, the tsunami water receiving ports 14 and 15 are discretely opened so that tsunami water is introduced into the space 13 below the floor board 8 from the outside. More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the tsunami water inlets 14 and 15 are arranged on the three sides (side walls 2 a to 2 c) excluding the passage opening 3 side of the shelter outer shell 2. The first tsunami water inlet 14 out of the tsunami water inlets is provided on each of the shelter outer shells 2 through a channel 16 excavated from the surrounding ground surface of the shelter outer shell 2. The other second tsunami water inlet 15 is communicated with the lower part of the space 13 where the tsunami water provided in the inner bottom is introduced, and the second tsunami water inlet 15 is located at a position higher than the first tsunami water inlet 14. It opens to the outer surface of the base portion 5a of the base 5 and communicates directly with the upper portion of the space portion 13, and lattice lids 14a and 15a are attached to the outer opening edges, respectively.

  As described above, the first tsunami water receiving port 14 communicated with the lower part of the space 13 below the floating floor 10 in the shelter outer shell 2 through the flow path 16 excavated from the surrounding ground surface of the shelter outer shell 2. And the second tsunami water receiving port 15 communicated with the upper part of the space portion 13, when the tsunami arrives, the tsunami water first passes from the first tsunami water receiving port 14 to the lower portion of the space portion 13. The float 9 starts to rise, and then the floating floor 10 is promptly stabilized by the inflow of the tsunami water from the second tsunami water receiving port 15 communicated with the upper portion of the space portion 13. Can be levitated. Moreover, the tsunami water remaining in the space portion 13 after the tsunami is drawn can be easily discharged from the first tsunami water receiving port 14 through the flow path 16 communicating with the space portion 13.

  According to the both tsunami water inlets 14, 15, when the tsunami arrives, the tsunami water that has entered from the tsunami water inlet 14 flows into the lower part of the space portion 13 through the flow path 16, and the floating floor 10 is The tsunami water from the tsunami water inlet 15 flows into the upper part of the space portion 13 after that, but the float 9 has floated before that. It is possible to prevent the tsunami water from colliding with force and damaging it as much as possible. In addition, as described above, by providing a plurality of tsunami water inlets 14 and 15, for example, when some tsunami water inlets are blocked by drifting material such as driftwood or furniture that has been washed away by tsunami water. Even if it exists, the tsunami water can flow into the lower space part 13 from other tsunami water inlets promptly, and the posture of the floating floor 10 is improper due to the inflow from only some of the tsunami water inlets 14 and 15. It can be prevented from becoming stable.

  As described above, when tsunami water flows into the lower space 13 of the floating floor 10 to float the floating floor 10, if the floating floor 10 continues to rise as it is, the top wall 2 e of the shelter outer shell 2. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the floating floor 10 has an upper limit setting for contacting the top wall 2 e of the shelter outer shell 2 when it reaches the uppermost position. The stopper member 17 is provided. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the floating floor 10 from rising above a height at which the safety of the evacuees on the floating floor 10 can be maintained. The stopper member 17 is formed by the upper ends of iron pillars provided at the four corners of the floating floor 10 and protrudes upward from the indoor ceiling 18 that covers the upper part of the evacuation space. Although it is made to abut against the top wall portion side stopper member formed by a part of the top wall portion 2e, these stopper members can also be provided at other arbitrary positions.

  In addition, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, at the four corners of the floating floor 10, the floor plate 8 in the floating floor 10 is horizontally disposed between the shelter outer shell 2 and the floating floor 10. An elevating guide mechanism 19 that guides the elevating and lowering in the held state is provided. The lifting guide mechanism 19 includes a guide receiver 19a provided at each of the four corners on the shelter outer shell 2 side, and a guide member 19b provided on the floating floor 10 side.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the guide receiver 19 a on the shelter outer shell 2 side includes rectangular column-shaped projecting portions provided at four corners inside the shelter outer shell 2. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the guide surface is formed by side surfaces 20 and 20 extending in a plane orthogonal to the floor plate 8 of the floating floor 10 and the ceiling wall portion 2e of the shelter outer shell 2 and contacts a guide roller 23 described later. Is formed.

  On the other hand, the guide member 19b on the floating floor 10 side is provided vertically at each corner of the indoor side wall 21 that forms the peripheral wall of the upper surface of the floor board 8, and as shown in FIG. A pair of support arm plates 22, 22 extending from each corner toward the corner of the outer shell 2, and a pair of upper and lower guide rollers 23 disposed between the support arm plates 22, 22. Each guide roller 23 is configured to be rotatable about the support shaft 24 by a pair of upper and lower support shafts 24 attached between the tip portions of the pair of support arm plates 22 and 22. Yes. The pair of guide rollers 23 is formed with V-shaped recesses on the outer peripheral surface 25 thereof that match the orthogonal side surfaces 20 and 20 of the guide receiver 19a. It is comprised so that it may contact and contact both the side surfaces 20 and 20 of the receptacle 19a.

  In this way, at the four corners inside the shelter outer shell 2, the upper and lower guide rollers 23, 23 of the guide member 19b are rolled along the side surfaces 20, 20 of the outer periphery 25 of the guide receiver 19a. If it is configured to move, shaking of the posture when the floating floor 10 is raised and lowered is restricted, and the raising and lowering operation can be stabilized.

  The tsunami shelter 1 having the above-described configuration is a water level in the space 13 due to tsunami water flowing from the tsunami water inlets 14 and 15 provided in the shelter base 5 in the shelter outer shell 2 when the tsunami arrives. Along with the rise, the floating floor 10 provided with the float 9 rises while being guided by the lifting guide mechanism 19 in the space inside the shelter outer shell 2, and the water level of the tsunami is provided in the passage opening 3 or as necessary. Until the opening upper limit at the highest position among the ventilation openings is reached, the floating floor 10 is in a state of rising to the tsunami, and the space on the floating floor 10 in the shelter outer shell 2 is maintained at atmospheric pressure. After the water level of the tsunami rises above the upper limit of the opening, the water level rises while the air in the shelter outer shell 2 is compressed, and the water level in the shelter outer shell 2 is the water at the upper limit of the opening. And a water level air pressure are balanced shelter shell 2, the water level itself shelter shell in 2 will to some extent lower than the height of the tsunami. That is, as the water level of the tsunami rises, the volume of the evacuation space S on the floating floor 10 in the shelter outer shell 2 gradually decreases, and the evacuation space S is pressurized in inverse proportion to the decrease in the volume.

For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the plane area in the shelter outer shell 2 is Am ² (assuming about 155 m ^{2 in} the first embodiment), and the inner surface of the top wall portion 2 e of the shelter outer shell 2 from the ground is The height of the top wall 2e of the shelter shell 2 from the upper limit of the opening 3 of the passage opening 3 is 6m, the specific gravity of seawater is 1.03, and the atmospheric pressure is approximately 1013 hPa. If there is a tsunami with a wave height of 20m that exceeds the height of the shelter 1, it flows into the shelter shell 2 based on Boyle's law that "the gas pressure at a constant temperature is inversely proportional to the volume". The surface of the tsunami water reaches a height of approximately 3.6 m from the inner surface of the top wall 2e of the shelter outer shell 2, and the pressure in the evacuation space S, which was initially 1013 hPa, is increased to approximately 1680 hPa. This pressure is such that it is generally experienced when a person dives in the sea, but in reality, it is based on the assumed maximum wave height of the tsunami and the pressure setting value of the evacuation space S when it arrives. Therefore, the dimensions of each part should be designed.

Thus, even if the expected tsunami wave height exceeds the ceiling height of the shelter 1, the evacuation space S in the tsunami shelter 1 is installed so as to exceed the wave height. Even if the evacuation space S is installed so as to evacuate only to a lower position than that, the evacuation space S has only a certain level of atmospheric pressure rise, and the shelter shell 2 has a strength capable of resisting tsunami. The evacuees can be kept safe while miniaturizing.
In addition, an evacuation space that can evacuate from the tsunami, including the elderly and people with difficulty walking, is configured to be connected to the living environment in a place close to the living environment, and evacuates from the tsunami easily and quickly. It becomes possible.

Next, a second embodiment of the tsunami shelter according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. However, here, in order to avoid duplication of description, the same reference numerals are given to substantially the same components as those in the first embodiment in the drawings, and detailed descriptions of those components and the effects based on them are omitted. To do.
The main difference of the tsunami shelter 30 according to the second embodiment from the tsunami shelter 1 of the first embodiment is that the floating floor 10 moves up and down in the shelter outer shell 2 in the first embodiment. The second embodiment is further simplified by providing a fixed floor plate 31.

  That is, the tsunami shelter 30 is mainly suitable for installation in a relatively small and expected tsunami wave height that is installed in a private house, etc. A passage opening 3 is provided below the evacuation chamber 4 in the shelter outer shell 2 having a strength capable of resisting the provided tsunami, and above the upper limit of the passage opening 3 in the shelter outer shell 2. A fixed floor board 31 provided with elevating equipment such as a staircase 32 that can be moved up and down is provided, and an evacuation space S is formed on the floor board 31, and a shelter outer shell 2 that covers the outside of the evacuation space S is provided. Is formed of a non-ventilated material.

Accordingly, the evacuees are formed so as to be able to go back and forth between the outside and the evacuation room 4 through the passage opening 3, and the evacuation room 4 can be used in daily life. Since the tsunami water intrudes from the part 3, it is only necessary to evacuate to the second floor evacuation space S where the stairs 32 are climbed.
In the case of the second embodiment, the floor board does not move up and down as compared with the case of the first embodiment. Therefore, the maximum tsunami assumed in the same way as described for the first embodiment. The dimensions of each part should be designed based on the wave height and the pressure setting value that allows the pressure increase of the evacuation space S when it arrives.

  8 to 10 show a third embodiment of the tsunami shelter according to the present invention. In this third embodiment, the tsunami shelter 40 is attached to a part of a building such as an establishment or a hospital that can accommodate a large number of people, and an apartment house that is a residential area of a large number of households. Although it is different, it is the same as the second embodiment in that the floor plate 31 forming the evacuation space S is fixed.

Specifically, the building is a building, factory, or apartment house with a large number of working or living areas, and the evacuation room 4 is a part of the building or on the ground or a lower level of the building. Is provided. In the third embodiment, a plurality of evacuation chambers 4 partitioned by the shelter outer shell 2 are formed, and the plurality of evacuation spaces S are respectively disposed in the intermediate hierarchy between the first floor and the second floor. Thus, when the tsunami arrives, the stairs 32 leading to each evacuation space S are climbed to evacuate to the evacuation space S. A part of the evacuation space S can also be used as a storage for emergency food or emergency medicine.
Even in the case of the third embodiment, based on the same idea as described for the first embodiment, the maximum set wave height of the assumed tsunami and the pressure setting value in a range where the pressure increase of the evacuation space S when it arrives can be allowed Based on the above, the dimensions of each part should be designed.

  Although the embodiments of the tsunami shelter according to the present invention have been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various design changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Is.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,30,40 Tsunami shelter 2 Shelter outer shell 3 Passage opening 4 Evacuation room 5 Shelter base 8,31 Floor board 9 Float 10 Floating floor 13 Space part 14,15 Tsunami water inlet 17 Stopping limit setting stopper member 19 Elevating guide mechanism 32 Stairs S Evacuation space

Claims (4)

Install an evacuation room covered with a shelter shell that is strong enough to withstand tsunamis on the ground or lower floors of the building, and has access openings that allow access.
In the evacuation room, a float is attached to the lower surface of the floor board so that the evacuation room can be floated by tsunami water, and ventilation provided in the outer shell of the shelter in the ascending / descending range due to the floating of the floating floor The shelter outer shell is configured as an evacuation space that is above the upper limit of the opening as an evacuation space, and at least the floorboard can float up to the evacuation space,
At least the outer shell of the shelter that covers the outside of the evacuation space shall be highly airtight with a non-ventilated material,
In the shelter base that supports the above-mentioned shelter outer shell, tsunami water inlets that allow tsunami water to flow into the space below the floorboard from the outside are discretely opened.
Tsunami shelter characterized by that. A rising limit setting stopper member is provided between the floating floor and the shelter outer shell to prevent the floating floor from rising above a height at which the safety of the evacuees on the floating floor can be maintained.
The tsunami shelter according to claim 1. Between the shelter outer shell and the floating floor, an elevating guide mechanism for guiding the floor plate in the floating floor to be raised and lowered in a state of being held horizontally is provided.
The tsunami shelter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The tsunami water receiving port communicates with a lower portion of a space portion where tsunami water provided below a floating floor in the shelter outer shell is introduced through a channel excavated from the ground surface around the shelter outer shell. Tsunami water receiving port and a second tsunami water receiving port that opens to the outer surface of the base of the shelter base at a position higher than the first tsunami water receiving port and communicates with the upper part of the space. Being
The tsunami shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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