JP5792200B2 - エタノールを製造する水素化プロセスのための酢酸を気化する方法 - Google Patents
エタノールを製造する水素化プロセスのための酢酸を気化する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5792200B2 JP5792200B2 JP2012551385A JP2012551385A JP5792200B2 JP 5792200 B2 JP5792200 B2 JP 5792200B2 JP 2012551385 A JP2012551385 A JP 2012551385A JP 2012551385 A JP2012551385 A JP 2012551385A JP 5792200 B2 JP5792200 B2 JP 5792200B2
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- Prior art keywords
- acetic acid
- stream
- ethanol
- feed stream
- vaporizer
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 420
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 232
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 53
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title description 25
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 40
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
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- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- -1 acetic acid Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSIFPSYPOVKYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl benzoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XSIFPSYPOVKYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- GOKCJCODOLGYQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-dichloro-2-imidazol-1-ylpyrimidine Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=NC(N2C=NC=C2)=N1 GOKCJCODOLGYQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014692 zinc oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/147—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
- C07C29/149—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/007—Energy recuperation; Heat pumps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
- B01D3/143—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column by two or more of a fractionation, separation or rectification step
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
- B01J8/0446—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical
- B01J8/0449—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical beds
- B01J8/0457—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical beds the beds being placed in separate reactors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
- C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
- C07C29/152—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the reactor used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/74—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
- C07C29/76—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment
- C07C29/80—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment by distillation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C31/00—Saturated compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C31/02—Monohydroxylic acyclic alcohols
- C07C31/08—Ethanol
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00002—Chemical plants
- B01J2219/00004—Scale aspects
- B01J2219/00006—Large-scale industrial plants
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
[0045]本発明において用いるのに好適な触媒組成物は、好ましくは変性担体の金属含侵によって形成するが、化学蒸着のような他のプロセスを用いることもできる。かかる含侵法は、米国特許7,608,744及び7,863,489、並びに米国公開2010/0197485(これらの全部を参照として本明細書中に包含する)に記載されている。
[0073]カラム121の留出物、例えば塔頂流は、場合によっては凝縮して好ましくは1:5〜10:1の還流比で還流する。ライン125内の留出物は、好ましくはエタノール、酢酸エチル、及び水を、他の不純物と共に含み、これらは二元又は三元共沸混合物の形成のために分離するのが困難な可能性がある。
Claims (26)
- 酢酸を気化器中に導入して、少なくとも2:1の蒸気供給流とブローダウン流との重量比を有する蒸気供給流及びブローダウン流を形成し、ここで、ブローダウン流は、少なくとも85重量%の酢酸を含み;
蒸気供給流を反応器中に導入し;そして
蒸気供給流からの酢酸を触媒の存在下で水素化して、エタノールを含む粗エタノール生成物を形成する;
工程を含むエタノールの製造方法。 - 反応器を10KPa〜3000KPaの運転圧力で運転し、酢酸を運転圧力における酢酸の沸点よりも低い温度で気化する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 蒸気供給流の温度が160℃未満である、請求項1及び2のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 酢酸を気化器の上部に供給する、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 水素を気化器の下部に供給する、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 蒸気供給流とブローダウン流との重量比が少なくとも10:1である、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- ブローダウン流が、1重量%未満の酢酸より高い沸点を有する化合物を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 粗エタノール生成物を、1以上の蒸留カラム内においてエタノール流及び少なくとも1つの再循環流に分離することを更に含む、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの再循環流の少なくとも一部を気化器中に導入する、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの再循環流が、酢酸及び1重量%未満の酢酸より高い沸点を有する化合物を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 蒸気供給流が蒸気供給流の全重量を基準として少なくとも70重量%の酢酸を含む、請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 触媒が、白金/スズ、白金/ルテニウム、白金/レニウム、パラジウム/ルテニウム、パラジウム/レニウム、コバルト/パラジウム、コバルト/白金、コバルト/クロム、コバルト/ルテニウム、銀/パラジウム、銅/パラジウム、ニッケル/パラジウム、金/パラジウム、ルテニウム/レニウム、及びルテニウム/鉄からなる群から選択される複数の金属の組み合わせを含む、請求項1〜11のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 気化器がステンレススチールで構成されている、請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 酢酸を気化器内に導入して蒸気供給流を形成し;
蒸気供給流を反応器中に導入し;
蒸気供給流からの酢酸を触媒の存在下で水素化して、エタノールを含む粗エタノール生成物を形成し;そして
粗エタノール生成物からエタノール及び少なくとも1つの再循環流を分離する;
工程を含み、少なくとも1つの再循環流は、酢酸及び1.0重量%未満の酢酸より高い沸点を有する化合物を含み、少なくとも1つの再循環流を酢酸と一緒に気化器に導入して蒸気供給流を形成するエタノールの製造方法。 - 反応器を10KPa〜3000KPaの運転圧力で運転し、酢酸を運転圧力における酢酸の沸点よりも低い温度で気化する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 蒸気供給流の温度が160℃未満である、請求項14及び15のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 気化器からブローダウン流を取り出すことを更に含み、ブローダウン流が少なくとも85重量%の酢酸及び1重量%未満の酢酸より高い沸点を有する化合物を含む、請求項14〜16のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 蒸気供給流とブローダウン流との重量比が少なくとも2:1である、請求項14〜17のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 蒸気供給流が蒸気供給流の全重量を基準として少なくとも70重量%の酢酸を含む、請求項14〜17のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 気化器がステンレススチールで構成されている、請求項14〜17のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 酢酸を、気化器内において水素の存在下で気化して、気化酢酸を含む蒸気供給流を形成し;
蒸気供給流を反応器中に導入し;そして
気化酢酸を、反応器の運転圧力において触媒の存在下で水素化してエタノールを含む粗エタノール生成物を形成する;
工程を含み、酢酸を反応器の運転圧力における酢酸の沸点よりも低い温度で気化するエタノールの製造方法。 - 反応器の運転圧力が10KPa〜3000KPaである、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 蒸気供給流の温度が160℃未満である、請求項21及び22のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 気化器からブローダウン流を取り出すことを更に含み、ブローダウン流が少なくとも85重量%の酢酸及び1重量%未満の酢酸より高い沸点を有する化合物を含む、請求項21〜23のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 蒸気供給流とブローダウン流との重量比が少なくとも2:1である、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 気化器がステンレススチールで構成されている、請求項21〜25のいずれかに記載の方法。
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US12/974,982 US8552225B2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2010-12-21 | Process for vaporizing acetic acid for hydrogenation processes to produce ethanol |
US12/974,982 | 2010-12-21 | ||
PCT/US2011/023332 WO2011097223A2 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2011-02-01 | Process for vaporizing acetic acid for hydrogenation processes to produce ethanol |
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US8680342B2 (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2014-03-25 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for recovering alcohol produced by hydrogenating an acetic acid feed stream comprising water |
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JP5632541B2 (ja) | 2012-06-21 | 2014-11-26 | グリー株式会社 | ゲーム制御方法、ゲームサーバ、及びプログラム |
CN102908958B (zh) * | 2012-11-02 | 2015-10-28 | 江苏索普(集团)有限公司 | 一种由液相醋酸和氢气混合气化的方法 |
US8853469B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2014-10-07 | Celanese International Corporation | Combined column for separating products of different hydrogenation reactors |
CN103894206B (zh) * | 2012-12-27 | 2016-09-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 高活性铜基催化剂、制备方法及其用途 |
CA2998414C (en) | 2015-09-24 | 2022-09-20 | Iogen Corporation | Wet oxidation of biomass |
CN106995363B (zh) * | 2016-01-25 | 2018-07-10 | 河南顺达化工科技有限公司 | 一种醋酸加氢耦合制备乙醇的工艺 |
CN109824479B (zh) * | 2019-04-10 | 2021-12-21 | 天津市汇筑恒升科技有限公司 | 乙二醇分离精制的节能及回收工艺 |
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CO6561810A2 (es) | 2012-11-15 |
ZA201205234B (en) | 2013-09-25 |
AU2011213062A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
US8552225B2 (en) | 2013-10-08 |
HK1169647A1 (en) | 2013-02-01 |
US20110257442A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
NZ601371A (en) | 2014-07-25 |
WO2011097223A2 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
CA2787450A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
MX2012008938A (es) | 2012-08-15 |
KR20120115563A (ko) | 2012-10-18 |
EP2531472A2 (en) | 2012-12-12 |
WO2011097223A3 (en) | 2011-11-03 |
CN102421732B (zh) | 2014-06-25 |
TW201139348A (en) | 2011-11-16 |
RU2571425C2 (ru) | 2015-12-20 |
CN102421732A (zh) | 2012-04-18 |
RU2012137191A (ru) | 2014-03-10 |
JP2013518821A (ja) | 2013-05-23 |
SG182692A1 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
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