JP5762955B2 - 経皮的心臓弁置換および類似処置時の塞栓予防 - Google Patents
経皮的心臓弁置換および類似処置時の塞栓予防 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5762955B2 JP5762955B2 JP2011516280A JP2011516280A JP5762955B2 JP 5762955 B2 JP5762955 B2 JP 5762955B2 JP 2011516280 A JP2011516280 A JP 2011516280A JP 2011516280 A JP2011516280 A JP 2011516280A JP 5762955 B2 JP5762955 B2 JP 5762955B2
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Description
本特許出願は、2008年6月23日出願のGaldonik他による同時係属米国仮特許出願第61/132,823号、名称「Embolic Protection During Percutaneous Heart Valve Replacement and Similar Procedures」に対する優先権を主張する。同出願は参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
(1)患者の心臓に対する血管内処置時に塞栓予防を提供するための方法であって、右頸動脈および左頸動脈への流体を濾過するように1つまたは複数の脈管フィルタ要素を配置する工程を含み、各前記1つまたは複数の脈管フィルタ要素は、右鎖骨下動脈、左鎖骨下動脈、またはそれらの組み合わせを通じて送達される。
カテーテルであって、近位端および遠位端を有する管状要素と、前記管状要素を貫通して延びる管腔と、ならびに前記カテーテルの外面上の前記遠位端寄りに装着された拡張可能構造と、を備えたカテーテルと、ガイド構造、および、第2のフィルタ要素、を備えたフィルタ装置と、を備える濾過システムであって、前記拡張可能構造は、第1のフィルタバスケットを備え、カテーテルの遠位端に向かって第1のフィルタバスケット内に開口を有する、第1のフィルタ要素を備えており、前記第2のフィルタ要素は、前記カテーテルの近位端に向かう第2のフィルタバスケットの開口を備える第2のフィルタバスケット内に開口を有する第2のフィルタバスケットと、第2のフィルタバスケットを前記ガイド構造に接続する構造を備えるフレームと、フィルタをガイド構造に対して近位方向に進むシース又はカテーテルに接触するようつぶれるように位置する支柱と、を備えており、前記カテーテルの前記管腔は、前記ガイド構造に装着された前記第2のフィルタ要素の送達に適する。
濾過装置は、大動脈から右頸動脈および左頸動脈への流体を濾過する目的を達成するために各種設計を採り込むことができる。一般に、設計は、4グループに系統化することができる。第1のグループでは、右頸動脈および左頸動脈それぞれに個別のフィルタ要素が使用される。第2のグループでは、複数のフィルタ要素が共通のガイド構造に装着され、ガイド構造は、遠位フィルタを左頸動脈に送達できるようにする構造を有し、一方、近位フィルタは、腕頭動脈への流体を濾過するために配置することができる。第3のグループでは、両動脈への流体が濾過されるように、左頸動脈から腕頭動脈に渡る単一の構造が設計される。第4のグループでは、上行大動脈への送達のためにカテーテルの外面にフィルタ要素が設置され、頸動脈への流体を含む大動脈弓周辺の流体が濾過されるようにする。心臓処置を行なうための装置は、フィルタ要素の付いたカテーテルを通じて送達することができる。
このグループの濾過システムは、左頸動脈および右頸動脈それぞれを保護する別個の要素を有する。フィルタは、総頸動脈中に設置するか、あるいは、1つまたは両方のフィルタが、総頸動脈を通過したそれぞれの内頸動脈内に設置することができる。一般に、フィルタまたは塞栓予防装置は、フィルタが配備されて流体を濾過している間、係留することができるか、または、それに代えて、もしくはそれに加えて、フィルタの1つまたは両方を、脈管内の所望の流体の濾過を提供する位置に係留されない状態で置いておくこともできる。係留されないフィルタは、心臓処置完了後のいずれかの時点で収集することができる。適切な係留具には、例えばガイド構造が含まれる。ガイドワイヤや一体化された誘導装置等のガイド構造は、一般に、フィルタを所望の位置に設置できるようにする可撓性および操作性を提供する。一部の実施例では、フィルタ装置は、腕頭動脈または総頸動脈内に搬入される単一のガイド構造および単一のフィルタ要素を備える。フィルタが非係留形態で配備される場合、ガイド構造等は、選択された場所にフィルタを放出するためのシース等の配備器具として設計することができる。フィルタを設置する動機となった処置が完了した後、適切な回収器具を使用して、係留されていないフィルタを収集することができる。
一部の実施例では、左頸動脈および右頸動脈への大動脈血流の同時の濾過を提供するのに適した複数のフィルタ要素を使用して、単一のガイド構造を構築することができる。そのようなフィルタ装置は、近位フィルタ要素および遠位フィルタ要素が取り付けられた単一のガイド構造を備えることができる。近位フィルタ要素は、一般に、腕頭動脈内に搬入し、配備することができ、遠位フィルタ要素は、腕頭動脈を通じて配備のために左頸動脈内に搬入することができる。この構成では、遠位フィルタを通る流体は、ガイド構造の向きに対して近位から遠位に向かう方向になり、近位フィルタを通る流体は、ガイド構造の向きに対して遠位から近位に向かう方向になる。一部の実施例では、フィルタは、予想される流動方向に基づいて、適切な向きで設計することができる。
大動脈弓に沿って大動脈から分岐する動脈間に渡る単一のフィルタ構造を設計して、左頸動脈および右頸動脈への血流を同時に濾過することができる。そのようなフィルタ構造は、大動脈弓の腕頭動脈と左頸動脈の間に渡る単一のフィルタ要素を備えることができる。あるいは、そのような構造は、配備時に大動脈弓に渡る単一の支持構造に取り付けられた複数個のフィルタ要素を備えることができる。腕頭動脈への流体を濾過すると、結果として、腕頭動脈から分岐する右頸動脈への流体が濾過される。
さらなる実施例では、大動脈内にフィルタを送達して、上行大動脈から大動脈弓への血流を濾過することができる。例えば、フィルタは、大腿動脈を経由して下行大動脈から上行大動脈中に送達することができるが、左鎖骨下動脈から上行大動脈に入れる等、他のアプローチを使用することができる。大動脈を通じた心臓へのアクセスを維持するために、フィルタはカテーテルの外面に装着することができ、カテーテルを通して心臓用の治療用具を導入できるようにする。上行大動脈中にフィルタを設置することにより、頸動脈のみならず末梢動脈についても血液が濾過される。
本明細書に記載の濾過システムは、心臓への処置中および/または処置後に塞栓予防のために効果的に使用することができる。詳細には、本明細書に記載の濾過システムを使用して、心臓の左心房および左心室内またはその周辺で行われる血管内心臓処置中に塞栓を予防できるが、フィルタは、患者の胸部を通じた心臓処置にも有用である可能性がある。処置の中には、処置の特定工程を達成するための心臓への血管内を通じたアプローチと、処置の他の面について、心肺バイパスを設ける等、患者の胸部を通じた低侵襲性のアプローチとを伴うものがある。心臓に対する処置では、大動脈から流れて身体の他の部位に循環する恐れのある塞栓が生じる可能性がある。塞栓はどの脈管内でも望ましくないが、塞栓が頸動脈、特に内頸動脈に循環すると、患者の脳に流れる可能性があり、塞栓が原因となって卒中または他の有害な結果を招く恐れがある。したがって、内頸動脈への流体から塞栓を濾過して除去することが非常に望ましい。
上記で図1乃至図5との関連で説明したように、このグループの濾過システムは、別個の濾過装置を使用して左頸動脈および右頸動脈への塞栓予防を提供する。濾過装置は、ガイド構造と、非係留状態で配備される単一または複数のフィルタ要素とを備えることができる。そのような予防システムで塞栓予防を提供するための方法は、そのようなシステムの配備および収集を含む。そのようなシステムの配備は、一般に、右頸動脈または腕頭動脈への濾過装置の送達と、拡張形態でのフィルタ要素の配備とを含む。濾過システムの配備は、一般に、左頸動脈への濾過装置の送達と、拡張形態でのフィルタ要素の配備とをさらに含む。そのようなシステムの収集は、一般に、配備されたフィルタ要素を収集形態にし、一般には頸動脈中への著しい塞栓の放出を伴わずに患者の身体から濾過システムを撤去することを含む。
一部の実施例では、濾過システムは、共通のガイド構造に取り付けられた複数のフィルタ要素を有する、頸動脈への流体を濾過するための配備システムである。このようなフィルタ装置の使用を伴う方法は、一般に、装置が左頸動脈と腕頭動脈の間の大動脈弓の一区間を走査する予防システムを配備および収集することを含む。フィルタ装置は、ガイド構造、ガイド構造に取り付けられた近位フィルタ要素、および、ガイド構造に取り付けられた遠位フィルタ要素を備える。ガイド構造は、装置の送達および/または折り畳みを容易にするためにオーバーチューブ内に1つまたは複数のコアワイヤを有する、一体化ガイド装置とすることができる。一般に、フィルタ装置は、近位フィルタ要素が右頸動脈への流体を濾過し、遠位フィルタ要素が左頸動脈への流体を濾過するように、右鎖骨下動脈を通して腕頭動脈および左総頸動脈内に搬入される。その後、フィルタ要素を同時に、または順次、配備形態にすることができる。ガイド構造に2つのフィルタを有する濾過システムの収集は、一般に、フィルタ要素を順次または同時に収集形態にすることを含むが、これはフィルタ設計に応じて異なる可能性がある。その後、予防装置が患者から除去される。この方法のいくつかの実施例では、フィルタ要素のいずれかまたはすべてを収集形態にすること、および/または予防装置を除去することは、吸引によって行うことができる。
心臓処置時に塞栓予防を提供するための方法は、大動脈弓に沿って渡る単一のフィルタ構造を備えた予防システムの配備および収集を含むことができる。より具体的には、濾過システムのそのような実施例を用いて塞栓予防を提供するための方法は、フィルタ構造の一部分を腕頭動脈内に配備し、フィルタ構造の一部分を左頸動脈内に配備することを含む。一般に、フィルタ構造は、右鎖骨下動脈を通じて左頸動脈に搬入される。フィルタ構造は、フィルタを所望箇所に置いて配備される。フィルタは、自動拡張する要素、または駆動して配備する要素を備えることができる。いずれの場合も、配備されたフィルタ要素は、一般に、少なくとも概ね頸動脈および腕頭動脈に封着する要素を有し、大動脈からの流体が濾過されてそれらの動脈に入るようになる。さらに、このようなフィルタ装置を使用する方法は、さらにフィルタ構造の収集を含む。一般に、フィルタ構造の収集は、フィルタ構造を収集形態にし、患者身体からフィルタ構造を除去することを含む。フィルタ構造の設置および/または患者からのフィルタ構造の除去は、吸引を用いて、または吸引を用いずに行うことができる。
カテーテル外面による上行大動脈内へのフィルタの配備に関して、カテーテルは、心臓の処置の開始前に搬入して配置することができる。一般に、カテーテルは、ロープロファイルの送達形態にある、図12のフィルタ584等のフィルタ要素と共に上行大動脈内に送達される。配置されると、フィルタ要素は、拡張形態に配備することができる。心臓処置のために必要な装置は、カテーテルを通じて搬入することができる。塞栓発生の危険性を生じる処置の完了後、フィルタ要素を収集形態に遷移させ、折り畳まれたフィルタ要素と共にカテーテルを除去することができる。カテーテルおよびフィルタ要素の収集は、吸引カテーテルで支援することができる。
本明細書に記載の医療装置は、一般に、無菌容器に包装されて使用のために医療専門家に配布される。物品は、電子ビーム照射、ガンマ線照射、紫外線照射、化学的殺菌、ならびに/または、無菌の製造および包装工程の使用等の各種手法を使用して殺菌することができる。物品には、例えば、物品がそれまで完全に機能する状態を保つと予想される適切な日付を表示することができる。構成部品は、個別に、または共に包装することができる。
Claims (10)
- カテーテルであって、近位端および遠位端を有する管状要素と、前記管状要素を貫通して延びる管腔と、ならびに前記管状要素の外面上の前記遠位端寄りに装着された拡張可能構造と、を備えたカテーテルと、
ガイド構造、および、第2のフィルタ要素、を備えたフィルタ装置と、を備える濾過システムであって、
前記拡張可能構造は、第1のフィルタバスケットを備え、カテーテルの遠位端に向かって第1のフィルタバスケット内に開口を有する、第1のフィルタ要素を備えており、
前記第2のフィルタ要素は、前記カテーテルの近位端に向かう第2のフィルタバスケットの開口を備える第2のフィルタバスケット内に開口を有する第2のフィルタバスケットと、第2のフィルタバスケットを前記ガイド構造に接続する構造を備えるフレームと、シース又はカテーテルがガイド構造に対して遠位方向に進むとき、第2のフィルタバスケットをシース又はカテーテルに接触してつぶれるように位置する支柱と、を備えており、第2のフィルタバスケットは、シース又はカテーテルが近位方向から第2のフィルタ要素の支柱に係合するよう進むとき、シース又はカテーテルとつぶれるようになっており、
前記カテーテルの前記管腔は、前記ガイド構造に装着された前記第2のフィルタ要素の送達に適する、濾過システム。 - 前記第1及び/又は第2のフィルタ要素は、3次元の濾過マトリクスを備えている、請求項1に記載の濾過システム。
- 前記カテーテルが、前記カテーテルの前記近位端または前記近位端近傍で吸引装置に連結される、請求項1に記載の濾過システム。
- 前記第1のフィルタバスケット及び前記第2のフィルタバスケットは、それぞれ、孔を有する膜を備えている、請求項1に記載の濾過システム。
- 前記孔は、約50μm〜約250μmの直径を有している、請求項4に記載の濾過システム。
- 各フィルタバスケットは、前記膜を支持する枠を備えている、請求項4に記載の濾過システム。
- 前記枠は金属を備えており、前記膜はポリマを備えている、請求項6に記載の濾過システム。
- 前記第1のフィルタバスケット及び/又は前記第2のフィルタバスケットは、吹流し形状を有している、請求項1に記載の濾過システム。
- 前記ガイド構造の少なくとも一部は、前記第2のフィルタバスケットから遠位方向に延びている、請求項1に記載の濾過システム。
- フィルタバスケットの少なくとも1つは、自己で延びるようになっている、請求項1に記載の濾過システム。
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EP2303384B1 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
US20120150211A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
US20180193129A1 (en) | 2018-07-12 |
EP2303384A4 (en) | 2012-08-22 |
US20090326575A1 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
US20210267744A1 (en) | 2021-09-02 |
EP2974695B1 (en) | 2019-03-06 |
US20110313445A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
US9943396B2 (en) | 2018-04-17 |
EP2303384A2 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
EP2974695A1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
US9186237B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
US8382788B2 (en) | 2013-02-26 |
US10881496B2 (en) | 2021-01-05 |
WO2010008451A2 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
US8206412B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 |
JP2011525405A (ja) | 2011-09-22 |
US20160030153A1 (en) | 2016-02-04 |
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