JP5709276B2 - ヤヌスキナーゼ3のピペリジンインヒビター - Google Patents
ヤヌスキナーゼ3のピペリジンインヒビター Download PDFInfo
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- JP5709276B2 JP5709276B2 JP2012506006A JP2012506006A JP5709276B2 JP 5709276 B2 JP5709276 B2 JP 5709276B2 JP 2012506006 A JP2012506006 A JP 2012506006A JP 2012506006 A JP2012506006 A JP 2012506006A JP 5709276 B2 JP5709276 B2 JP 5709276B2
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- methyl
- deuterium
- acid
- pyrrolo
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Classifications
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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Description
治療薬などの異物を除去するために、動物体は、シトクロムP450酵素(CYP)、エステラーゼ、プロテアーゼ、還元酵素、脱水素酵素、およびモノアミンオキシダーゼなどの様々な酵素を発現し、これらの異物と反応し、これらの異物を、腎排泄のためのより極性のある中間物質または代謝物質に変換させる。このような代謝反応は、炭素−酸素(C-O)または炭素−炭素(C-C)のπ結合のいずれかへの炭素−水素(C-H)結合の酸化をしばしば含んでいる。結果として生じる代謝物質は、生理学的条件下で安定または不安定であり得、親化合物に比べて、実質的に異なる薬物動態学的特性、薬力学的特性、および急性および長期毒性の特性を有し得る。ほとんどの薬物に関して、このような酸化は、一般に急速であり、最終的に、複数回のまたは高い一日用量の投与につながる。
R1-R20は、水素および重水素からなる群から独立して選択され、および、
R1-R20の少なくとも1つは、重水素である。
他の実施形態は、本発明に従って、患者に治療上有効な量の化合物または組成物を投与する工程を含む、そのような処置を必要とする前記患者においてヤヌスキナーゼ3媒介の障害を処置するための方法を提供する。また、ヤヌスキナーゼ3活性を阻害することにより改善された障害の予防または処置のための薬剤の製造において使用するための、本明細書に開示される特定の化合物の使用が提供される。
式中、
Z1はアミノ保護基であり、
R3−R16は、水素および重水素からなる群から独立して選択され、および、
R3−R16の少なくとも1つは、重水素である。
Z1は、水素およびアミノ保護基からなる群から選択され、
R3−R16は、水素および重水素からなる群から独立して選択され、
R3−R16の少なくとも1つは、重水素である、を調製する方法が開示され、
前記方法は、以下の工程を含む:
Z2がカルボキシル保護基である、構造式IIIの化合物を、テトラヒドロフランなどの適切な溶剤中で、水素化ナトリウムなどの適切な塩基の存在下において、構造式IVの化合物と反応させ、構造式Vの化合物を得る工程;
Z1は、水素およびアミノ保護基からなる群から選択され、
R3-R16は、水素および重水素からなる群から独立して選択され、
R3-R16の少なくとも1つは、重水素である、を調製する方法が開示され、
前記方法は、以下の工程を含む:
構造式VIIIの化合物を、メタノールなどの適切な溶剤中で、トルエンスルフォン酸などの適切な酸の存在下、オルソギ酸メチルエステルなどの随意の脱水剤の存在下において、構造式Xの化合物(Z3がC1-C2アルキルである)と反応させ、構造式IXの化合物を得る工程;
構造式IXの化合物を、水または酸化重水素などの適切な溶剤中で、塩化水素または塩化重水素などの適切な酸と反応させ、構造式VIIIの化合物を得る工程;
Z1およびZ4は、水素およびアミノ保護基からなる群から独立して選択され、
R3-R18およびR20は、水素および重水素からなる群から独立して選択され、
R3-R18およびR20の少なくとも1つは、重水素である、を調製する方法が開示され、
前記方法は以下の工程を含む:
構造式XIの化合物を、水およびテトラヒドロフランの組み合わせなどの適切な溶剤中で、炭酸カリウムなどの適切な塩基の存在下において、構造式IIの化合物と反応させ、構造式XIIの化合物を得る工程;
2-メチルチオエチル、2-メチルスルホニルエチル、2-(p-トルエンスルホニル)エチル、[2-(1,3-ジチアニル)]メチル、4-メチルチオフェニル、2,4-ジメチルチオフェニル、2-ホスホニオエチル、1-メチル-1-(トリフェニルホスホニオ)エチル、1,1-ジメチル-2-シアノエチル、2-ダンシルエチル、2-(4-ニトロフェニル)エチル、4-フェニルアセトキシベンジル、4-アジドベンジル、4-アジドメトキシベンジル、m-クロロ-p-アシルオキシベンジル、p-(ジヒドロキシボリル)ベンジル、5-ベンズイソオキサゾリルメチル、2-(トリフルオロメチル)-6-クロモニルメチル(chromonytmethyl)、m-ニトロフェニル、3.5-ジメトキシベンジル、1-メチル-1-(3,5-ジメトキシフェニル)エチル、o-ニトロベンジル、α-メチルニトロピペロニル、3,4-ジメトキシ-6-ニトロベンジル、N-ベンゼンスルフェニル、N-o-ニトロベンゼンスルフェニル、N-2,4-ジニトロベンゼンスルフェニル、N-ペンタクロロベンゼンスルフェニル,N-2-ニトロ-4-メトキシベンゼンスルフェニル、N-トリフェニルメチルスルフェニル、N-1-(2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1,1-ジフェニル)エチルスルフェニル、N-3-ニトロ-2-ピリジンスルフェニル、N-p-トルエンスルホニル、N-ベンゼンスルホニル、N-2,3,6-トリメチル-4-メトキシベンゼンスルホニル、N-2,4,6-トリメトキシベンゼン-スルフォニル、N-2,6-ジメチル-4-メトキシベンゼンスルホニル、N-ペンタメチルベンゼンスルホニル(N-2,3,5,6-テトラメチル-4-メトキシベンゼンスルホニルなど、
R80が、アルキル、置換されたアルキル、アリールからなる基から選択され、より具体的には、R80=メチル、エチル、9-フルオレニルメチル、9-(2-スルフォ)フルオレニルメチル,9-(2,7-ジブロモ)フルオレニルメチル)、17-テトラベンゾ[a,c,g,i]フルオレニルメチル,2-クロロ-3-インデニルメチル、ベンズ[f]インデン-3-イルメチル、2,7-ジ-t-ブチル-[9-(10,10-ジオキソ-10,10,10,10-テトラヒドロチオキサンチル(tetrahydrothloxanthyl)]メチル、1,1-ジオキソベンゾ[b]チオフェン-2-イルメチル、2,2,2-トリクロロエチル、2-トリメチルシリルエチル、2-フェニルエチル、1-(1-アダマンチル)-1-メチルエチル、2-クロロエチル、1,1-ジメチル-2-ハロエチル、1,1-ジメチル-2,2-ジブロモエチル、1,1-ジメチル-2,2,2-トリクロロエチル、1-メチル-1-(4-ビフェニルイル)エチル、1-(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチルフェニル)-1-メチルエチル、2-(2'-ピリジン)エチル、2-(4'-ピリジン)エチル、2,2-ビス(4'-ニトロフェニル)エチル、N-(2-ピバロイルアミノ)-1,1-ジメチルエチル、2-[(2-ニトロフェニル)ジチオ]-1-フェニルエチル、tert-ブチル、1-アダマンチル、2-アダマンチル、ビニル、アリル、1-イソプロピルアリル、シンナミル,4-ニトロシンナミル、3-(3-ピリジン)プロプ-2-エニル、8-キノリル、N-ヒドロキシピペリジニル、アルキルジチオ、ベンジル、p-メトキシベンジル、p-ニトロベンジル、p-ブロモベンジル,p-クロロベンジル、2,4-ジクロロベンジル、4-メチルスルフィニルベンジル、9-アントリルメチル、ジフェニルメチル、tert-アミル、S-ベンジルチオカルバマート、ブチニル、p-シアノベンジル、シクロブチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロペンチル、シクロプロピルメチル、p-デシルオキシベンジル、ジイソプロピルメチル、2,2-ジメトキシカルボニルビニル、o-(N,N'-ジメチルカルボキサミド)ベンジル、1,1-ジメチル-3-(N,N'-ジメチルカルボキサミド)プロピル、1,1-ジメチルプロピニル、ジ(2-ピリジン)メチル、2-フラニルメチル、2-イオドエチル(lodoethyl)、イソボルニル、イソブチル、イソニコチニル、p-(p'-メトキシフェニルアゾ)ベンジル、1-メチルシクロブチル、1-メチルシクロヘキシル、1-メチル-1-シクロプロピルメチル、1-メチル-1-(p-フェニルアゾフェニル)エチル、1-メチル-1-フェニルエチル、1-メチル-1-4'-ピリジリエチル、フェニル、p-(フェニルアゾ)ベンジル、2,4,6-トリメチルフェニル、4-(トリメチルアンモニウム)ベンジル、2,4,6-トリメチルベンジルなどである、-C(O)OR80を含む。
治療上許容可能な塩は、酸および塩基付加塩を含む。塩の調製および選択のより十分な議論については、"Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts, Properties, and Use," Stah and Wermuth, Ed., (Wiley- VCH and VHCA, Zurich, 2002) および Berge et al., J. Pharm. Sci. 1977, 66, 1-19を参照。
本明細書に開示される化合物はまた、ヤヌスキナーゼ3媒介の障害の処置に有用な他の薬剤と組み合わされ得る、または組み合わせて使用され得る。または、ほんの一例として、本明細書に記載される化合物の1つの治療効果は、アジュバントの投与によって高められ得る(すなわち、アジュバント自体は最小の治療的有用性を有し得るだけであるが、別の治療剤と併用することで、患者に対する全体的な治療的有用性が高められる)。
同位体水素は、重水素化の試薬を使用する合成技術によって、本明細書に開示されるような化合物へ導入され得、それによって、取り込み速度は予め決定され、及び/又は交換技術によって、取り込み速度は平衡状態によって決定され、反応条件に依存して非常に変化しやすくなり得る。トリチウムまたは重水素が、公知の同位体含有量のトリチウム化または重水素化の試薬によって直接および特に導入される場合の合成技術は、高いトリチウムまたは重水素存在比をもたらし得るが、必要とされる化学によって制限され得る。一方で、交換技術は、しばしば分子上の多くの部位に分散されている同位体による、より少ないトリチウムまたは重水素の取り込みをもたらし得る。
水素として示される任意の位置は、重水素と随意に置換され得る。
化合物23は、水などの適切な溶媒中で、水酸化ナトリウムなどの適切な塩基と反応され、化合物28を与える。化合物28は、ヘキサン(0.1%のトリエチルアミンを含む)/イソプロパノールなどの適切な溶離剤を使用して、Chiralpak IAなどの適切なカラムで、キラルクロマトグラフィーを使用して分離され、化合物6を与える。化合物6は、イソプロパノールと水の組み合わせなどの適切な溶媒中で、酢酸などの適切な酸の存在下、炭素上のパラジウムなどの適切な触媒の存在下において、水素ガスなどの適切な還元剤と反応され、化合物7を与える。化合物7は、トルエンなどの適切な溶媒中で、トリエチルアミンなどの適切な塩基の存在下において、化合物29と反応され、化合物9を与える。
R5-R7で重水素を導入するために、d1-水酸化ナトリウム、酸化重水素、及び/又はd4-メタノールが使用され得る。R9-R10で重水素を導入するために、塩化重水素及び/又は酸化重水素が使用され得る。R8で重水素を導入するために、トリアセトキシ重水素化ホウ素ナトリウムが使用され得る。R3-R4で重水素を導入するために、重水素化リチウムアルミニウムが使用され得る。R14-R16の1つ以上の位置で重水素を導入するために、対応する重水素置換を有する化合物18が使用され得る。
3-((3R,4R)-4-メチル-3-(メチル(7H-ピロロ[2,3-d]ピリミジン-4-イル)アミノ)ピペリジン-1-イル)-3-オキソプロパンニトリルモノクエン酸塩(CP-690550クエン酸塩)
(d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 4.88-4.98 (m, 1H), 3.45 (s, 3H), 3.25-3.37 (m, 1H), 2.80-3.10 (m, 3H), 2.45-2.58 (m, 1H), 1.82-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.11 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。LC-MS: m/z = 246 (M+H)+。
3-((3R,4R)-4-メチル-3-(d3-メチル(2-d1-7H-ピロロ[2,3-d]ピリミジン-4-イル)アミノ)ピペリジン-1-イル)-3-オキソプロパンニトリルモノクエン酸塩(CP-690550-d4クエン酸塩)
3-((3R,4R)-4-d3-メチル-3-(d3-メチル(2-d1-7H-ピロロ[2,3-d]ピリミジン-4-イル)アミノ)ピペリジン-1-イル)-3-オキソプロパンニトリルモノクエン酸塩(CP-690550-d7クエン酸塩)
3-((3R,4R)-4-d3-メチル-3-(d3-メチル(2-d1-7H-ピロロ[2,3-d]ピリミジン-4-イル)アミノ)-2,2',3,4-d4-ピペリジン-1-イル)-3-オキソ-プロパンニトリルモノクエン酸塩(CP-690550-d11クエン酸塩)
実施例3、工程6の手順に従ったが、1-ベンジル-4-d3-メチル-ピペリジン-3-オンに対して、1-ベンジル-4-d3-メチル-(2,2',4-d3)-ピペリジン-3-オンを置換した。表題生成物を固体として分離した(3.9g;収量=90%)。LC-MS: m/z = 229 (M+H)+。
3-((3R,4R)-4-d3-メチル-3-(d3-メチル(2-d1-7H-ピロロ[2,3-d]ピリミジン-4-イル)アミノ)-2,2',3,4,5,5',6,6'-d8-ピペリジン-1-イル)-3-オキソプロ-パンニトリルモノクエン酸塩(CP-690550-d15クエン酸塩)
約0℃で、ナトリウムd3-メトキシド(0.9g、16mmol)を、テトラヒドロフラン(10mL)中のd5-メチルアミン塩化重水素(methylamine deuterium chloride)(1.2g、16mmol)の懸濁液に加えた。30分後、d4-酢酸(1.1g、16mmol)を、注射器を使用して混合物に注入した。結果として生じる混合物をその後約30分間、周囲温度で撹拌した。大気を窒素に置換した後、テトラヒドロフラン(20mL)中の1-ベンジル-4-d3-メチル-3,3',4,6,6',-d5-ピペリジン-2,5-ジオン(3g、13.3mmol)を、その後滴下で加えた。混合物を約16時間撹拌し、その後トリアセトキシ重水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(7.4g、32mmol)を加えた。混合物を約5時間、周囲温度で撹拌し、その後5%のd1-水酸化ナトリウム(50mL)を加えた。酢酸エチルでの標準の抽出後処理の後に、粗製の残留物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーによって精製し、表題生成物を得た(1.2g;収量=37%)。LC-MS: m/z = 245 (M+H)+。
<インビトロのヒト肝臓ミクロソーム安定性(HLM)アッセイ>
肝臓ミクロソーム安定性アッセイを、2%の重炭酸ナトリウム中のNADPH-ジェネレーションシステム(8.8mMのNADPH、102.4mMのグルコース6-リン酸塩、24単位/mLのグルコース6-リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼおよび13.2mMの塩化マグネシウム)を用いて肝臓ミクロソームタンパク質4mg/mLで行った。試験化合物を、20%のアセトニトリル-水中の溶液として調製し、アッセイ混合物(最終アッセイ濃度5マイクログラム/mL)に加え、37℃で培養した。アッセイ中のアセトニトリルの終末濃度は<1%であるべきである。アリコート(50μL)を、0、30、60、90および120分で取り出し、氷冷のアセトニトリル(200μL)で希釈し、反応を停止させた。サンプルを10分間、12,000RPMで遠心分離機にかけ、タンパク質を促進させた。上清を微量遠心管に移し、試験化合物の分解半減期(degradation half-life)のLC/MS/MS分析のために貯蔵した。従って、このアッセイにおいて試験された、本明細書開示の特定の同位体的に濃縮した化合物が、非同位体的に濃縮された薬物と比較して分解半減期の増加を示したことが分かった。HLMのための実施例1-5(CP-690550および同位体的に濃縮されたCP-690550アナログ)の分解半減期を、表1に示す。
シトクロームP450酵素を、バキュロウィルス発現システム(BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA)を使用して、対応するヒトcDNAから発現させた。0.8ミリグラム/ミリリットルのタンパク質、1.3ミリモーラーのNADP+、3.3ミリモーラーのグルコース-6-フォスフェート、0.4U/mLのグルコース-6-リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、3.3ミリモーラーの塩化マグネシウムおよび0.2ミリモーラーの本明細書開示のような化合物、100ミリモーラーのリン酸カリウム(pH7.4)中の対応する非同位体的に濃縮された化合物又は標準又はコントロールを含む、0.25ミリリットルの反応混合物を20分間、37℃で培養する。培養した後、反応を適切な溶剤(例えばアセトニトリル、20%のトリクロロ酢酸、94%のアセトニトリル/6%の氷酢酸、70%の過塩素酸、94%のアセトニトリル/6%氷酢酸)の添加によって止め、3分間遠心分離機にかけた(10,000g)。上清をHPLC/MS/MSによって分析する。
この手順を、Weyler et al., Journal of Biological Chemistry 1985, 260, 13199-13207により記載された方法を使用して行い、それは全体における参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。モノアミンオキシダーゼA活性を、4-ヒドロキシキノリンの形成を有するキヌラミンの酸化上で314nmでの吸光度の増加を監視することにより、分光測定で測定する。測定を、0.2%のトリトンX-100(モノアミンオキシダーゼアッセイ緩衝液)を含む、1mMのキヌラミンを加えた50mMのリン酸ナトリウム緩衝液、pH7.2、及び酵素の所望量中1mLの全容量で、30℃で行う。
この手順を、Uebelhack, Pharmacopsychiatry 1998, 31(5), 187-192に記載の通りに行ない、それは全体における参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
この手順を、Lawendy et al., J Clin Pharmacol 2009, 49, 423-429に記載の通りに行ない、それは全体における参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
この手順を、Paniagua et al., Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 2005, 27(5), 608-616に記載の通りに行ない、それは全体における参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
この手順を、米国特許第6,627,754号に記載の通りに行ない、それは全体における参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
この手順を、WO2003/048162に記載の通りに行ない、それは全体における参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
この手順を、WO2003/048162に記載の通りに行ない、それは全体における参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
Claims (13)
- 以下の構造を有する化合物、またはその薬学的に許容可能な塩。
- Dとして表わされる各位置は、約50%以上の重水素濃縮を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Dとして表わされる各位置は、約98%以上の重水素濃縮を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 薬学的に許容可能な担体とともに請求項1に記載の化合物を含むことを特徴とする医薬組成物。
- ヤヌスキナーゼ3活性の阻害によって改善された障害の処置のための薬剤の製造のための請求項1の化合物の使用。
- 前記障害は、腎移植拒絶反応、関節リウマチ、乾癬、炎症性大腸疾患、ドライアイ症候群、喘息、および移植拒絶反応からなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の使用。
- 追加の治療薬の投与をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記追加の治療薬は、H+,K+ATPアーゼインヒビター、消化管運動性モジュレーター、非ステロイド性抗炎症剤、アニリド鎮痛剤、抗リウマチ剤、グルココルチコイド、および免疫抑制剤からなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の医薬組成物。
- a. 非同位体的に濃縮された化合物に比べて、前記化合物またはその代謝物質の血漿レベルの減少した個対間変動、
b. 非同位体的に濃縮された化合物に比べて、その投与ユニットごとの前記化合物の増加した平均血漿レベル、
c. 非同位体的に濃縮された化合物に比べて、その投与ユニットごとの前記化合物の少なくとも1つの代謝物質の減少した平均血漿レベル、
d. 非同位体的に濃縮された化合物に比べて、その投与ユニットごとの前記化合物の少なくとも1つの代謝物質の増加した平均血漿レベル、および、
e. 非同位体的に濃縮された化合物に比べて、その投与ユニットごとの前記被験体における処置の間の改善された臨床効果、
からなる群から選択される、少なくとも1つの効果を結果的にさらにもたらすことを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の使用。 - 前記使用は、対応する非同位体的に濃縮された化合物に比べて、被験体における、CYP2C8、CYP2C9、CYP2C19、および、CYP2D6からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの多形的に発現されたシトクロムP450アイソフォームによる、その投与ユニットごとの化合物の減少した代謝をもたらすことを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の使用。
- 前記化合物は、非同位体的に濃縮された化合物に比べて、その投与ユニットごとに、前記被験体における、CYP1A1、CYP1A2、CYP1B1、CYP2A6、CYP2A13、CYP2B6、CYP2C8、CYP2C9、CYP2C18、CYP2C19、CYP2D6、CYP2E1、CYP2G1、CYP2J2、CYP2R1、CYP2S1、CYP3A4、CYP3A5、CYP3A5P1、CYP3A5P2、CYP3A7、CYP4A11、CYP4B1、CYP4F2、CYP4F3、CYP4F8、CYP4F11、CYP4F12、CYP4X1、CYP4Z1、CYP5A1、CYP7A1、CYP7B1、CYP8A1、CYP8B1、CYP11A1、CYP11B1、CYP11B2、CYP17、CYP19、CYP21、CYP24、CYP26A1、CYP26B1、CYP27A1、CYP27B1、CYP39、CYP46、CYP51、MAOA、および、MAOBからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つのシトクロムP450またはモノアミンオキシダーゼアイソフォームの減少した阻害によって特徴付けられることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の使用。
- 前記使用は、対応する非同位体的に濃縮された化合物に比べて、アラニンアミノトランスフェラーゼ(「ALT」)、血清グルタミン酸ピルビン酸トランスアミナーゼ(「SGPT」)、アスパラギン酸アミノトランスフェラーゼ(「AST」、「SGOT」)、ALT/AST比、血清アルドラーゼ、アルカリフォスファターゼ(「ALP」)、アンモニアレベル、ビリルビン、ガンマグルタミントランスペプチダーゼ(「GGTP」、「γ−GTP」、「GGT」)、ロイシンアミノペプチダーゼ(「LAP」)、肝生検、肝臓超音波検査、肝臓核スキャン、5'-ヌクレオチダーゼ、および血液タンパク質からなる群から選択される、診断上の肝胆道機能エンドポイントの悪化を低減することを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の使用。
- 薬剤として使用するための、請求項1に記載の化合物。
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