JP5703296B2 - 銅要素の結晶構造を修正する方法 - Google Patents
銅要素の結晶構造を修正する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5703296B2 JP5703296B2 JP2012516792A JP2012516792A JP5703296B2 JP 5703296 B2 JP5703296 B2 JP 5703296B2 JP 2012516792 A JP2012516792 A JP 2012516792A JP 2012516792 A JP2012516792 A JP 2012516792A JP 5703296 B2 JP5703296 B2 JP 5703296B2
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims description 59
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 52
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims description 52
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 40
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910016553 CuOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001424392 Lucia limbaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002808 Si–O–Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011978 dissolution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
- H01L21/76886—Modifying permanently or temporarily the pattern or the conductivity of conductive members, e.g. formation of alloys, reduction of contact resistances
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3205—Deposition of non-insulating-, e.g. conductive- or resistive-, layers on insulating layers; After-treatment of these layers
- H01L21/321—After treatment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3205—Deposition of non-insulating-, e.g. conductive- or resistive-, layers on insulating layers; After-treatment of these layers
- H01L21/321—After treatment
- H01L21/32115—Planarisation
- H01L21/3212—Planarisation by chemical mechanical polishing [CMP]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
- H01L21/7684—Smoothing; Planarisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
- H01L21/76877—Filling of holes, grooves or trenches, e.g. vias, with conductive material
- H01L21/76883—Post-treatment or after-treatment of the conductive material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/3105—After-treatment
- H01L21/31051—Planarisation of the insulating layers
- H01L21/31053—Planarisation of the insulating layers involving a dielectric removal step
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
Description
a)第1サイズより大きい第2サイズの粒子を有し、且つ平坦面を有する銅標準を作る段階と、
b)平坦面の粗さをRMSで1nm未満、有利に0.5nm以下の粗さまで低減させる段階と、
c)前記平坦面を洗浄する段階と、
d)前記2つの平坦面を接触させる段階と、
e)アニーリングする段階と、
を含む。
−織物及び/又は基板上のスラリー粒子で磨くことによって得られる機械的作用。材料の除去速度は、プレストン(Preston)によって以下の式でモデル化されている:
RR=Kp*P*V [式1]
ここで、
RR(除去速度):任意の点における除去速度(nm/min)
Kp=材料、織物、摩耗のタイプ、温度などの特性を考慮したプレストン定数
P=印加された圧力(ニュートン)
V=織物に対するプレートのある点における線速度(m/s)
−化学的作用;研磨の間、銅及び誘電材料を同時に研磨することが望まれる。スラリーは故に、銅及び誘電材料に対して化学的に作用するのに適している。銅に関しては、化学的作用は通常、研磨される面において反応を起こさせる酸及び/又は酸化剤の攻撃によって生じる。
[化学式2]
(SiO2)X+2H2O⇔(SiO2)X−1+Si(OH)4
が逆方向、つまり、GCシュウァーツ(GC Schwarz)による半導体相互接続技術のハンドブック(Handbook of Semiconductor Interconnection Technology by GC Schwarz)で顕著に記載されたように、水和(解重合)の方向で起こり得る場合に、研磨が行われる。
−適用可能ならば、銅の研磨速度を増大できる、1つ又は2つの錯化剤若しくは金属エッチング剤、及び金属化合物(グリシン、NH3、EDTAなど)
−銅腐食防止剤(ベンゾトリアゾール(BTA)、トリアゾール(TA)など)
銅フィルムを不動態化する化学物質は、特に平らにされる下領域における研磨速度を低減する。2つの防止剤が頻繁に使用される
−pHを安定化し、使用される他の材料に対する銅の研磨の選択性を改善する界面活性剤など
−pH及び/又はその濃度に応じて、不溶性の銅酸化物又は水酸化物による銅の不動態化、若しくは水溶液に溶解できる金属カチオンによる腐食の何れかを生じ得る、酸化剤(H2O2、KIO3、ヒドロキシルアミンなど)
−1と12の間のpHを有するアニオン性又はカチオン性コロイド粒子は、安定な粒子懸濁液を得るために有利に加えられる。粒子は、例えば二酸化ケイ素、カーボン、酸化セリウム、アルミナ又はポリマーなどのように純粋であり得る。初期粒子のサイズは選ばれた溶解方法によって決まる。それらは3nmから300nmのサイズで変化し得る。水溶液における粒子の質量パーセンテージは、数ppmと50%の間であり得る。
−ローム・アンド・ハース社(the company Rohm & Haas)によって販売されるクレボゾルCuS1351(Klebosol CuS1351)(登録商標):直径70nmの二酸化ケイ素粒子の12質量%、pH10、アニオン性溶液
−日立化成工業によって販売されるT605(登録商標):直径90nmの二酸化ケイ素粒子の0.1質量%、pH6.5、アニオン性溶液
2、4、14、16 平坦面
6 大ライン
8 大粒子
10 小ライン
12 小粒子
22 長さ方向軸(X)の相互接続部
24 接触部
Claims (10)
- 平坦面(4、16)を伴う銅要素(II、II’)の結晶構造を修正する方法であり、前記銅要素は第1サイズの粒子を有する方法であって、
a)前記第1サイズより大きい第2サイズの粒子を少なくとも1つ有し、且つ平坦面(2、14)を有する銅標準(I;I’)を作る段階と、
b)前記平坦面(2、14、4、16)の粗さをRMSで1nm未満の粗さまで低減する段階と、
c)前記平坦面(2、14、4、16)を洗浄する段階と、
d)前記2つの平坦面(2、14、4、16)を接触させる段階と、
e)アニーリングする段階と、
を含む、平坦面(4、16)を伴う銅要素(II、II’)の結晶構造を修正する方法。 - 前記粗さが0.5nm以下である、請求項1に記載の結晶構造を修正する方法。
- 前記標準(I、I’)と前記要素(II、II’)とを分ける追加段階f)を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の結晶構造を修正する方法。
- 前記要素(II’)は第1サイズの粒子(12)から形成された少なくとも1つの小領域相互接続部(10)を含み、段階a)の間に標準(I’)は少なくとも1つの第2サイズの粒子(8)を伴う少なくとも1つの大領域ライン(6)を有して作られ、前記大領域ライン(6)の面積は復元される前記要素の前記小領域相互接続部(10)の面積より大きく、段階d)の間に前記小領域相互接続部(10)は前記大領域ラインと接触する、請求項1から3の何れか1項に記載の結晶構造を修正する方法。
- 前記標準(I’)は前記小領域相互接続部(10)の面積と少なくとも等しい面積を有する少なくとも1つの粒子を含み、段階d)の間に前記小領域相互接続部(10)は前記大領域ラインの前記粒子と共に配向される、請求項4に記載の結晶構造を修正する方法。
- 前記要素は長さ方向軸(X)の相互接続部(22)を含み、前記標準は単結晶から形成され、前記要素が前記標準と接触するとき、前記標準は高密度面が前記相互接続部(22)の前記軸と並行になるように配向される、請求項1から5の何れか1項に記載の結晶構造を修正する方法。
- 前記接触段階の間に、前記要素の1つに力を加える段階を含む、請求項1から6の何れか1項に記載の結晶構造を修正する方法。
- 粗さを低減する段階b)が、化学機械研磨によって行われる、請求項1から7の何れか1項に記載の結晶構造を修正する方法。
- 前記標準(I、I’)と前記要素(II、II’)とを分ける追加段階f)を含み、段階f)が化学機械平坦化、研磨、化学溶解、摩耗又は切断によって得られる、請求項1から8の何れか1項に記載の結晶構造を修正する方法。
- 前記アニーリングの温度が200℃と400℃の間である、請求項1から9の何れか1項に記載の結晶構造を修正する方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0954610 | 2009-07-03 | ||
FR0954610A FR2947571B1 (fr) | 2009-07-03 | 2009-07-03 | Procede de restauration d'un element en cuivre |
PCT/EP2010/059336 WO2011000899A1 (fr) | 2009-07-03 | 2010-07-01 | Procédé de modification de la structure cristalline d'un élément en cuivre |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2012531731A JP2012531731A (ja) | 2012-12-10 |
JP5703296B2 true JP5703296B2 (ja) | 2015-04-15 |
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JP2012516792A Expired - Fee Related JP5703296B2 (ja) | 2009-07-03 | 2010-07-01 | 銅要素の結晶構造を修正する方法 |
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US (1) | US9620412B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2449585B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5703296B2 (ja) |
FR (1) | FR2947571B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011000899A1 (ja) |
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JP5517800B2 (ja) | 2010-07-09 | 2014-06-11 | キヤノン株式会社 | 固体撮像装置用の部材および固体撮像装置の製造方法 |
FR2963158B1 (fr) | 2010-07-21 | 2013-05-17 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede d'assemblage par collage direct entre deux elements comprenant des portions de cuivre et de materiaux dielectriques |
WO2014007465A1 (ko) * | 2012-07-06 | 2014-01-09 | (주)이그잭스 | 알에프아이디 태그 및 그 제조 방법 |
FR3011679B1 (fr) * | 2013-10-03 | 2017-01-27 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede ameliore d'assemblage par collage direct entre deux elements, chaque element comprenant des portions de metal et de materiaux dielectriques |
US20190259618A1 (en) * | 2018-02-19 | 2019-08-22 | Stmicroelectronics (Crolles 2) Sas | Process for forming a layer of a work function metal for a mosfet gate having a uniaxial grain orientation |
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JP3394155B2 (ja) | 1997-05-19 | 2003-04-07 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 金属薄膜形成方法 |
US20050003652A1 (en) | 2003-07-02 | 2005-01-06 | Shriram Ramanathan | Method and apparatus for low temperature copper to copper bonding |
US20050003650A1 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-01-06 | Shriram Ramanathan | Three-dimensional stacked substrate arrangements |
US7485968B2 (en) | 2005-08-11 | 2009-02-03 | Ziptronix, Inc. | 3D IC method and device |
JPWO2007020939A1 (ja) * | 2005-08-16 | 2009-02-26 | ビタミンC60バイオリサーチ株式会社 | 研磨スラリー |
EP1845554A3 (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2011-07-13 | Imec | A method to create super secondary grain growth in narrow trenches |
DE102007035837A1 (de) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., Sunnyvale | Halbleiterbauelement mit einer Kornorientierungsschicht |
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FR2947571A1 (fr) | 2011-01-07 |
EP2449585A1 (fr) | 2012-05-09 |
JP2012531731A (ja) | 2012-12-10 |
US20120097296A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
FR2947571B1 (fr) | 2011-09-09 |
EP2449585B1 (fr) | 2014-08-20 |
WO2011000899A1 (fr) | 2011-01-06 |
US9620412B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 |
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