JP5692934B2 - 新規のfxr(nr1h4)結合性及び活性調節性化合物 - Google Patents
新規のfxr(nr1h4)結合性及び活性調節性化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5692934B2 JP5692934B2 JP2012525089A JP2012525089A JP5692934B2 JP 5692934 B2 JP5692934 B2 JP 5692934B2 JP 2012525089 A JP2012525089 A JP 2012525089A JP 2012525089 A JP2012525089 A JP 2012525089A JP 5692934 B2 JP5692934 B2 JP 5692934B2
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- cyclopropyl
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Description
[式中、X1はCH、Nであり;X2はO又はNHであり;R及びR1は独立に、H、低級アルキル、ハロゲン又はCF3であり;R2は低級アルキルであり;R3及びR4は独立に、H、低級アルキル、ハロゲン、CF3、OH、O−アルキル又はO−ポリハロアルキルである。]
これはまた、Maloneyらの「Identification of a chemical tool for the orphan nuclear receptor FXR」、J.Med.Chem.2000、43(16)、2971〜2974において最初に公表された。Akwabi−Ameyawらの「Conformationally constrained Farnesoid X Receptor Agonists:Naphtoic acid−based analogs of GW4064」、Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.2008、18(15)、4339〜4343は、このFXRアゴニストの潜在的なマイナス面を述べている。この刊行物によると、GW4064は、低い経口バイオアベイラビリティー及び低い血漿曝露を短い血漿半減期と共に伴う不十分な薬物動態を示す。さらに、Kuoら、「Induction of drug−metabolizing enzymes and toxicity of trans−stilbene oxide in rat liver and kidney」、Toxicology 1981、22(2)、149〜160及びSugiharaら、「Metabolic activation of the proestrogens trans−stilbene and trans−stilbene oxide by rat liver microsomes」、Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol.、2000、167(1)、46〜54で取り上げられているとおり、国際公開第2000/037077号に由来するこの分子及び関連FXRアゴニストのtrans−スチルベン部分は、潜在的なトキシコフォアの問題を提示している。最後に、Akwabi−Ameyawらの著者らは、GW4064のtrans−スチルベン部分が、紫外線不安定性の原因であると述べている。ヒトに投与された化合物が、例えば、皮膚に堆積又は蓄積することによってUV光に曝露されると、光不安定性は光毒性へと変わり得る(Colerangle JB.「Regulatory non−clinical photosafety evaluation − An attempt to merge the FDA and EMEA photosafety testing strategies」、Regul.Toxicol.Pharmacol.、2009年7月16日[Epub ahead of print]及びHenryら、「Can light absorption and photostability data be used to assess the photosafety risks in patients for a new drug molecule?」、J.Photochem.Photobiol.B.2009、96(1)、57〜62を参照されたい)。
[式中、
Rは、COOR6、CONR7R8、テトラゾリル又はHからなる群から選択され、ここで、R6は、H又は低級アルキルからなる群から独立に選択され、R7及びR8は相互に独立に、H、低級アルキル、C1〜6ハロアルキル、C1〜6アルキレン−R9、SO2−C1〜6アルキルからなる群から選択され、R9は、COOH、OH又はSO3Hからなる群から選択され、
Aは、フェニル、ピリジル、ピラゾリル、インドリル、チエニル、ベンゾチエニル、インダゾリル、ベンゾイソオキサゾリル、ベンゾフラニル、ベンゾトリアゾリル、フラニル、ベンゾチアゾリル、チアゾリル(これらの基は各々、OH、低級アルキル、低級シクロアルキル又はハロゲンからなる群から独立に選択される1個又は2個の基で置換されていてもよい。)からなる群から選択され、
Qは、フェニル、ピリジル、チアゾリル、チオフェニル、ピリミジル(これらの基は各々、低級アルキル、ハロゲン又はCF3からなる群から独立に選択される1個又は2個の基で置換されていてもよい。)からなる群から選択され、
であり、ここで、
X=CH、N、NOであり、
R1は、水素、C1〜C3アルキル、C3〜C6シクロアルキル、C4〜C5アルキルシクロアルキルからなる群から選択され、ここで、C1〜3アルキルは、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ又はC1〜6アルコキシから独立に選択される1から3個の置換基で置換されていてもよく、
R2及びR3は、水素、C1〜C3アルキル、C1〜C3ハロアルキル、C1〜C3アルコキシ、C1〜C3ハロアルコキシ及びハロゲンからなる群から独立に選択される。]
[式中、
Rは、COOR6、CONR7R8、テトラゾリル又はHからなる群から選択され、ここで、R6、R7及びR8は、H、低級アルキルからなる群から独立に選択され、
Aは、フェニル、ピリジル、インドリル、チエニル、ベンゾチエニル、インダゾリル、ベンゾイソオキサゾリル、ベンゾフラニル、ベンゾトリアゾリル、フラニル、ベンゾチアゾリル、チアゾリル(これらの基は各々、OH、低級アルキル、低級シクロアルキルからなる群から独立に選択される1個又は2個の基で置換されていてもよい。)からなる群から選択され、
Qは、フェニル、ピリジル、チアゾリル、チオフェニル、ピリミジル(これらの基は各々、低級アルキル、ハロゲン又はCF3からなる群から独立に選択される1個又は2個の基で置換されていてもよい。)からなる群から選択され、
であり、ここで、
X=CH、N、NOであり、
R1は、水素、C1〜C3アルキル、C1〜C3ハロアルキル、C3〜C6シクロアルキル、C4〜C5アルキルシクロアルキルからなる群から選択され、
R2及びR3は、水素、C1〜C3アルキル、C1〜C3ハロアルキル、C1〜C3アルコキシ、C1〜C3ハロアルコキシ及びハロゲンからなる群から独立に選択される。]
より好ましくは、Zは、次の部分である:
さらに、Zは好ましくは、XがCHである上記で同定された構造から選択される。より好ましくは、Zは好ましくは、XがCHであり、R1がシクロアルキル基、好ましくはシクロプロピルである上記で同定された構造から選択される。より好ましくは、Zは好ましくは、XがCHであり、R1がシクロアルキル基、好ましくはシクロプロピルであり、R2及びR3がそれぞれハロゲン、最も好ましくはClを表す上記で同定された構造から選択される。Zのための最も好ましい実施形態は、根本的な複素環式骨格が、O−N部分を有する5員環を含む上記で同定された第3の構造である上記で定義されたとおりのものである。
[式中、
X1は、CH及びN、好ましくはCHから選択され;
R4及びR5は、H、低級アルキル、ハロゲン又はCF3、好ましくはハロゲン、より好ましくはClからなる群から独立に選択される。]
から選択され、
式(1)又は(2)中で、R1が、イソプロピル、t−ブチル及びシクロプロピルからなる群から選択され、
R2及びR3が、ハロゲン、C1〜C3アルキル、メトキシ及びトリフルオロメトキシ、好ましくはハロゲン、最も好ましくはClからなる群から独立に選択される構造を共有する。
3−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
(−)−3−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
(+)−3−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
3−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)−5−イソプロピルイソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
3−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(3,5−ジクロロピリジン−4−イル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
4−(4−((4−(2−(3−カルボキシフェニル)シクロプロピル)−3−クロロフェノキシ)メチル)−5−シクロプロピルイソオキサゾール−3−イル)−3,5−ジクロロピリジン1−オキシド、
3−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((1−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)−4−イソプロピル−1H−1,2,3−トリアゾール−5−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
4−((4−(2−(6−(1H−テトラゾール−5−イル)ピリジン−3−イル)シクロプロピル)−3−クロロフェノキシ)メチル)−5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール、又は
5−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)ピコリン酸。
3−(2−(6−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)−2−(トリフルオロメチルピリジン−3−イル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
1,3−ジヒドロキシ−2−(ヒドロキシメチル)プロパン−2−アミニウム4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)ベンゾエート、
(+)−4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
(−)−4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
6−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)−1−メチル−1H−インダゾール−3−カルボン酸、
(+)−6−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)−1−メチル−1H−インダゾール−3−カルボン酸、
(−)−6−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)−1−メチル−1H−インダゾール−3−カルボン酸、
4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)−N−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド、
2−(4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)ベンズアミド)エタンスルホン酸、
4−((4−(2−(4−(1H−テトラゾール−5−イル)フェニル)シクロプロピル)−3−クロロフェノキシ)メチル)−5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール、
4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)−5−(2−ヒドロキシプロパン−2−イル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
5−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)−1−イソプロピル−1H−ピラゾール−3−カルボン酸、
6−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)−1−イソプロピル−1H−インダゾール−3−カルボン酸、
4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)−2,6−ジメチル安息香酸、
4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2−(トリフルオロメトキシ)フェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
(+)−2−(4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)ベンズアミド)エタンスルホン酸、
(−)−2−(4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)ベンズアミド)エタンスルホン酸、
2−(4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)ベンズアミド)酢酸、又は
4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((4−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)−1−イソプロピル−1H−1,2,3−トリアゾール−5−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸。
このように、R1、R2及びR3が式(1)においてと同様に定義され、Yが脱離基である適切な式IIの化合物と、R、A及びQが式(1)においてと同様に定義されるか、又は例えばエステル、アミド、テトラゾール又は酸の形成によって式(1)で定義されているとおりのRをもたらす基である適切な式Iの化合物とを反応させて、式(1)の化合物を生じさせるが、その際、適切な保護及び/又は脱保護又は当業者に公知であるか、又は本明細書に開示されている他のステップを用いる。適切な脱離基は、当分野で周知であり、例えば、ハライド、特にクロロ、ブロモ及びヨード、ブロシル、トシル、メタンスルホニル及びトリフルオロメタンスルホニルなどのスルホネートエステルが挙げられる。アセトニトリル、ジメチルホルムアミド、テトラヒドロフランなどの適切な溶媒中、水素化ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、トリエチルアミン、ジイソプロピル−エチルアミン、カリウムtert−ブトキシドなどの過剰の適切な塩基の存在下で、式Iの化合物を式IIの化合物と反応させる。そのような反応を通常は、周囲温度から選択された溶媒の還流までの温度で実施する。
式(II)の化合物は、スキーム1a〜1dに示されているとおりに調製することができる。式IIのイソオキサゾール化合物は、置換されていてもよいベンズアルデヒドをヒドロキシルアミンと、トリエチルアミンなどの適切な塩基の存在下で反応させ、続いて、N−クロロ−スクシンイミドなどの適切な塩素化剤で塩素化することによって調製する。トリエチルアミン又はナトリウムメトキシドなどの適切な塩基を用いて塩基性条件下で、生じたクロロキシム(chloroxime)を適切なβ−ケトエステルと反応させて、イソオキサゾールエステルを得る。エステルを、LAH又はDIBALなどの周知の方法を用いて式IIのアルコールに還元し、脱離基に変換することができる。式IIの1−アリール−4−アルキル−トリアゾール化合物は、置換プロパルギル酸アルコールを置換芳香族アジドに付加し、続いて、ヒドロキシ基を適切な脱離基に変換することによって調製することができる。式IIの1−アルキル−4−アリール−トリアゾール化合物は、置換されていてもよいアジドをアセチレンエステルに付加し、続いて、アルコールに還元し、脱離基に変換することによって調製することができる。式IIのピラゾール化合物は、置換されていてもよいフェニルヒドラジンを1,3−ジケトエステルと反応させ、続いて、還元し、脱離基に変換することによって調製する。
略語(省略) 名称
m−CPBA メタクロロ過安息香酸
DCM ジクロロメタン
DIAD ジイソプロピルアゾジカルボキシレート
DMF ジメチルホルムアミド
DMSO ジメチルスルホキシド
EtOAc 酢酸エチル
EDTA 2−[2−(ビス(カルボキシメチル)アミノ)エチル−(カルボキシメチル)アミノ]酢酸
ESI エレクトロスプレーイオン化
FXR ファルネソイドX受容体
GST グルタチオン−S−転移酵素
HPLC 高速液体クロマトグラフィー
IPTG イソプロピルβ−D−1−チオガラクトピラノシド
LBD リガンド結合ドメイン
LC/MS 液体クロマトグラフィー質量分析法
NMR 核磁気共鳴
PE 石油エーテル
po 経口
Rf 保持因子
SDS ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム
THF テトラヒドロフラン
TLC 薄層クロマトグラフィー
TMS テトラメチルシラン
TBS tert−ブチルジメチルシリル
LCMS(移動相:60%〜95% アセトニトリル−水−0.01% TFA)純度>95%、Rt=3.304分;
MS計算値:554;MS実測値:555(M+H)+。
LCMS(移動相:40%〜95% アセトニトリル−水−0.01% TFA)純度>95%、Rt=3.421分;
MS計算値:570;MS実測値:571(M+H)+。
LCMS(移動相:60%〜95% アセトニトリル−水−0.01% TFA)純度>95%、Rt=3.082分;
MS計算値:555;MS実測値:556(M+H)+。
LCMS(移動相:60%〜95% アセトニトリル−水−0.01% TFA)純度>97%、Rt=3.699分;
MS計算値:553;MS実測値:554(M+H)+。
ラセミ3−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)−シクロプロピル)安息香酸290mgを分取キラルHPLCによって、キラルカラム(カラム:CHIRAL PAK AD−H;カラムサイズ:内径0.46cm×長さ15cmL;移動相:ヘキサン/EtOH/HOAc=50/50/0.1(v/v/v);流速:0.5ml/分;波長:UV220nm;HPLC装置:UV検出器SPD−20Aを備えたShimadzu LC20)を用いて分離して、(−)−3−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸137mg(Rt=7.250分、ee%:>98%)及び(+)−3−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)−メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸132mg(Rt=8.930分、ee%:>98%)を得た。
1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:1.14〜1.18(m,2H)、1.24〜1.31(m,2H)、1.41〜1.46(m,2H)、2.07〜2.08(m,1H)、2.15〜2.17(m,1H)、2.35〜2.37(m,1H)、4.78(s,2H)、6.67(dd,J=2.4Hz,8.8Hz,1H)、6.84(d,J=2.4Hz,1H)、6.96(d,J=8.4Hz,1H)、7.30〜7.34(m,1H)、7.38〜7.45(m,4H)、7.92〜7.95(m,2H)。
LCMS(移動相:60%〜95% アセトニトリル−水−0.01% TFA)純度>97%、Rt=3.692分;
MS計算値:553;MS実測値:554(M+H)+。
旋光度:[α]D 25=−92°(MeOH、c=0.3)
キラル中心の絶対配置については、スキーム14を参照されたい。
1HNMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ:1.14〜1.18(m,2H)、1.24〜1.31(m,2H)、1.41〜1.46(m,2H)、2.07〜2.08(m,1H)、2.15〜2.17(m,1H)、2.35〜2.37(m,1H)、4.78(s,2H)、6.67(dd,J=2.4Hz,8.8Hz,1H)、6.84(d,J=2.4Hz,1H)、6.96(d,J=8.4Hz,1H)、7.30〜7.34(m,1H)、7.38〜7.45(m,4H)、7.92〜7.95(m,2H)。
LCMS(移動相:60%〜95% アセトニトリル−水−0.01% TFA)純度>97%、Rt=3.690分;
MS計算値:553;MS実測値:554(M+H)+。
旋光度:[α]D 25=+91°(MeOH、c=0.3)
キラル中心の絶対配置については、スキーム14を参照されたい。
LCMS(移動相:80%〜95% アセトニトリル−水−0.01% TFA)純度>95%、Rt=3.983分;
MS計算値:555;MS実測値:556(M+H)+。
LCMS(移動相:60〜95% アセトニトリル−水−0.1% TFA)純度>95%、Rt=2.886分;MS計算値:578;MS実測値:579(M+1)。
LCMS(移動相:50〜95% アセトニトリル−水−0.1% TFA)純度>95%、Rt=3.023分;
MS計算値:554;MS実測値:555(M+1)。
LCMS(移動相:50%〜95% アセトニトリル−水−0.05% TFA)純度>97%、Rt=3.124分;
MS計算値:554;MS実測値:555(M+1)。
旋光度:[α]D 25=−127°(CHCl3、c=0.3)。
LCMS(移動相:40%〜95% アセトニトリル−水−0.05% TFA)純度>97%、Rt=3.551分;
MS計算値:554;MS実測値:555(M+1)。
旋光度:[α]D 25=+128°(CHCl3、c=0.29)。
LCMS(移動相:70%〜95% アセトニトリル−水−0.01% TFA)純度>97%、Rt=3.033分;
MS計算値:588;MS実測値:589(M+1)。
LCMS(移動相:50%〜95% アセトニトリル−水−0.01% TFA)純度>97%、Rt=3.007分;MS計算値:554;MS実測値:555(M+1)。
LCMS(移動相:40%〜95% アセトニトリル−水)純度90%、Rt=2.966分;
MS計算値:566;MS実測値:567(M+1)。
LCMS(移動相:30%〜95% アセトニトリル−水)純度>95%、Rt=2.875分;
MS計算値:553;MS実測値:554(M+1)。
Tm=143℃。
LCMS(移動相:60%〜95% アセトニトリル−水−0.05% TFA)純度>98%、Rt=3.632分;
MS計算値:553;MS実測値:554(M+1);
キラルHPLC(カラム:Chiral pak AD−H 250*4.6;移動相:93/7のヘキサン/EtOH):ee%は100%、Rt=16.408;
旋光度:[α]D 25=+132°(MeOH、c=0.295)。
LCMS(移動相:60%〜95% アセトニトリル−水−0.05% TFA)純度>98%、Rt=3.632分;MS計算値:553;MS実測値:554(M+1);
キラルHPLC(カラム:Chiral pak AD−H 250*4.6;移動相:93/7のヘキサン/EtOH):ee%は100%、Rt=24.411;
旋光度:[α]D 25=−140.6°(MeOH、c=0.31)。
LCMS(移動相:30%〜95% アセトニトリル−水)純度>95%、Rt=3.258分;
MS計算値:607;MS実測値:608(M+1)。
LCMS(移動相:60%〜95% アセトニトリル−水−0.05% TFA)純度>98%、Rt=3.144分;
MS計算値:607;MS実測値:608(M+1);
キラルHPLC(カラム:Chiral pak AD−H 250*4.6;移動相:65/35のヘキサン/EtOH):ee%は100%、Rt=13.101;
旋光度:[α]D 25=+159°(MeOH、c=0.300)。
LCMS(移動相:60%〜95% アセトニトリル−水−0.05% TFA)純度>98%、Rt=3.180分;
MS計算値:607;MS実測値:608(M+1);
キラルHPLC(カラム:Chiral pak AD−H 250*4.6;移動相:65/35のヘキサン/EtOH):ee%は99.7%、Rt=30.037;
旋光度:[α]D 25=−161°(MeOH、c=0.300)。
LCMS(移動相:60%〜95% アセトニトリル−水−0.05% TFA)純度>95%、Rt=3.255分;MS計算値:630;MS実測値:631(M+1)。
LCMS(移動相:20%〜95% アセトニトリル−水)純度>95%、Rt=4.099分;
MS計算値:660;MS実測値:659(M−1)。
この反応を、同じ量を用いて、同じ条件で3回繰り返し行って、化合物I2 26gを得た(収率:43.2%)。
LCMS(移動相:50%〜95% アセトニトリル−水−0.05% TFA)純度>95%、Rt=3.962分;MS計算値:577;MS実測値:578(M+1)。
MS計算値:571;MS実測値:572(M+1)。
LCMS(移動相:40%〜95% アセトニトリル−水)純度>95%、Rt=3.27分;
MS計算値:587;MS実測値:586(M−1)。
LCMS(移動相:10%〜95% アセトニトリル−水)純度>95%、Rt=3.19分;
MS計算値:557;MS実測値:556(M−1)。
低出力(10×)倍率検査によって、結晶を選択した。
標準偏差を伴う単位格子パラメーター
a=11.898(5)Å α=90°
b=6.801(3)Å β=92.725(5)°
c=13.836(5)Å γ=90°
単位格子体積 1118.3(7)Å3
空間群記号 P21
Z値 2
算出密度 1.259 g/cm3
研究温度(華氏) 293(2)K
R因子 R1=0.0992 wR2=0.1918
キラルHPLC分析(キラルカラム:CHIRALCEL OD;カラムサイズ:4.6*250mm;移動相:ヘキサン/EtOH/AcOH=60/40/0.1(v/v/v));流速:0.8ml/分):Rt=9.312分(最初の溶離は鏡像異性体、ラセミ化合物と比較)。
FRET活性アッセイ:
核内受容体FXRに結合しているリガンドを定量するために、リガンド媒介共同因子ペプチド相互作用の決定を次のとおり行った。ヒトFXRαリガンド結合ドメインの調製:ヒトFXRαLBDを、N末端GSTタグ融合タンパク質として大腸菌株BL21(DE3)に発現させた。FXRリガンド結合ドメインをコードするDNAを、ベクターpDEST15(Invitrogen)にクローニングした。発現は、IPTG誘発可能なT7プロモーターの制御下にあった。リガンド結合ドメインのアミノ酸境界は、データベースエントリーNM_005123(RefSeq)のアミノ酸187〜472であった。FXR−LBDの発現及び精製:形質転換大腸菌株の終夜予備培養物をLB−アンピシリン培地中で1:20に希釈し、30℃で増殖させてOD600=0.4〜0.6の光学濃度にした。次いで、遺伝子発現を0.5mMのIPTGの添加によって誘発した。30℃、180rpmでさらに6時間、細胞をインキュベーションした。細胞を遠心分離(7000×g、7分、室温)によって回収した。元の細胞培養物1リットル当たり10mLの溶解緩衝液(50mMのグルコース、50mMのトリス(pH7.9)、1mMのEDTA及び4mg/mlのリゾチーム)に細胞を再懸濁し、氷上に30分間置いた。次いで、細胞を超音波処理にかけ、細胞残屑を遠心分離(22000×g、30分、4℃)で除去した。上澄み10ml当たり0.5mLの予め洗浄したグルタチオン4Bセファローススラリー(Qiagen)を添加し、懸濁液を4℃で1時間ゆっくりと回転させた。グルタチオン4Bセファロースビーズを遠心分離(2000g、15秒、4℃)によってペレット化し、洗浄バッファー(25mMのトリス、50mMのKCl、4mMのMgCl2及び1MのNaCl)で2回洗浄した。ペレットを、元の培養物1リットル当たり3mLの溶出緩衝液中に再懸濁した(溶出緩衝液バッファー:20mMのトリス、60mMのKCl、5mMのMgCl2及び粉末として使用する直前に加えられる80mMのグルタチオン)。懸濁液を4℃で15分間回転させ、ビーズをペレット化し、最初に対して半分の体積の溶出緩衝液で再び溶出した。溶出液を貯留し、60mMのKCl、5mMのMgCl2さらに1mMのジチオスレイトール及び10%(v/v)のグリセロールを含有する20mMのヘペス緩衝液(pH7.5)中で一晩透析した。タンパク質をSDS−Pageによって分析した。
FXRのリガンド結合媒介活性化を定量するために、リガンド媒介Gal4プロモーターが駆動するトランス活性化の決定を次のとおりに行った。FXRリガンド結合ドメインをコードするcDNA部分をベクターpCMV−BD(Stratagene)に、酵母GAL4 DNA結合ドメインへの融合として、CMVプロモーターの制御下でクローニングした。リガンド結合ドメインのアミノ酸境界は、データベースエントリーNM_005123(RefSeq)のアミノ酸187〜472であった。酵母GAL4結合部位の5タンデムリピートを有する合成プロモーターを含有するプラスミドpFR−Luc(Stratagene)をレポータープラスミドとして使用して、レポーター遺伝子としてのPhotinus pyralis(American firefly)ルシフェラーゼ遺伝子の発現を推進した。実験確度を改良するために、プラスミドpRL−CMV(Promega)を同時トランスフェクションさせた。pRL−CMVは、Renilla reniformisルシフェラーゼの発現を制御する構成CMVプロモーターを含有する。全てのGal4レポーター遺伝子アッセイを、10%のウシ胎児血清、0.1mMの非必須アミノ酸、1mMのピルビン酸ナトリウム及び1mL当たり100単位のペニシリン/ストレプトアビジンを補充したL−グルタミン及びアール液を有するMEM中、37℃、5%CO2で増殖させたHEK293細胞で行った(DSMZ、Braunschweig、Germanyから得た)。培地及び補充物は、Invitrogenから得た。アッセイのために、96ウェルプレートの1ウェル当たり5×105細胞を、フェノールレッド及びL−グルタミンを含まず、10%の炭/デキストラン処理されたFBS(HyClone、South Logan、Utah)、0.1mMの非必須アミノ酸、2mMのグルタミン、1mMのピルビン酸ナトリウム及び1mL当たり100単位のペニシリン/ストレプトアビジンを補充したアール液を含む1ウェル当たり100μLのMEM中、37℃、5%CO2中で播種した。翌日、細胞は、コンフルエンス>90%であった。培地を除去し、上記の3種のプラスミドを含む1ウェル当たり20μLのOptiMEM−ポリエチレン−イミン−ベースのトランスフェクション試薬(OptiMEM、Invitrogen;ポリエチレンイミン、Aldrich Cat No.40,827−7)を使用して、細胞を一時的にトランスフェクションした。細胞を播種するために使用されたのと同じ組成を有するMEMを、トランスフェクション混合物を加えた2〜4時間後に加えた。次いで、MEM中で予め希釈しておいた化合物ストックを加えた(最終ビヒクル濃度は0.1%を超えない)。細胞をさらに16時間インキュベーションし、その後、ホタル及びレニラルシフェラーゼ活性を、同じ細胞抽出物中で、Dual−Light−ルシフェラーゼ−アッセイシステム(Dyerら、Anal.Biochem.2000、282、158〜161)を使用して順次測定した。実験は全て三重に行った。
化合物を、経口では胃管によってそれぞれ5mg/kgで、静脈注射によってそれぞれ1mg/kgで雄の12週齢のC57Bl/6J又はSprague Dawleyラットに投与し、示されている時点の後に、試験項目の血漿濃度をLC−MS/MSによって決定した。カニクイザル(Macacca mulatta)の場合には、用量を経口で12mg/kgに調節し、静脈内注射は投与しなかった(図1a、1b及び表2)。
化合物を胃管によって、それぞれ2×5mg/kgでC57BLKS lepr−/−db/dbマウスに、12週齢で開始して経口投与した。胃管処置を開始する前に、動物に高脂肪食(Ssniff社(Soest、Germany)製の脂肪59%(kcal)を含むssniff EF R/M 12330)を2週間与えた。ベースラインの血液を眼窩後方からの出血によって採取した。血液試料を採取手順の間にLi−ヘパリンで処理し、645gで遠心処理するまで氷上で保存した(5分、4℃)。血漿を集め、アッセイするまで−20℃に保った。市販のキットであるWako Diagnostics(Neuss、Germany)製のLabAssayTM Triglyceride(Code No 290−63701)及びLabAssayTM Cholesterol(Code No 294−65801)を使用して、総トリグリセリド及び総コレステロールを血漿の3μLアリコットで測定した。化合物の薬理学的作用を評価するために、投与群当たりの平均血漿トリグリセリド及びコレステロール値を、ベースラインと8週間の処置後とで比較した。
8週齢のC57/bl6マウス(Elevage Janvier、France)に高脂肪食(60%kcalが脂肪由来、Sniff、Soest、Germany、Cat No. E15771−30(Mod.Surwit)+0.5%コレステロール(Sigma−Aldrich、Germany)を添加)を4週間与えた。一晩絶食した後にベースラインの血液試料を採取し、Roche Accucheckデバイスを使用して、空腹時血漿グルコースを決定した。ベースラインの総トリグリセリド(TG)及び総コレステロール(TC)レベルを決定するために、平行してLi−ヘパリン血漿を生じさせた。動物をHFD+0.5%コレステロール食で8週間維持し、日常的な酵素分析キット(WAKO Diagnostics、Neuss、Germany)を使用して、血漿TG及びTCレベルをモニタリングするために、血液試料を毎週採取した。試験化合物をヤシ脂肪100%に溶かし、次いで、4週間のHFD順応期間中の平均食餌消費量に基づく30mg/kgの推定1日摂取量の溶かした食餌に混合した。図4及び5は、TG及びTC値の進展を示している。
本化合物を、エタノールを使用して溶かし、研究で使用する照射波長を確立するために、そのUVスペクトルを分析してそのλmaxを決定した(図2を参照されたい)。−CH=CH−二重結合のUV安定性を試験するために最適な波長は、254nmであると決定された。次いで、さらなる化合物材料を重水素化エタノールに溶かし、1H NMR(400MHz)を分析した(T=0)。次いで、各試料をNMR管から回収し、UV照射(254nm)に4時間、15時間及び70時間掛けた。各時点で、個々の試料を1H NMRによって再分析し、−CH=CH−プロトンのシグナルを評価して、残っている無傷の二重結合のパーセントを決定した。他の化学シフトシグナルの変化も、分子構造全体におけるさらなる変化に関して分析した。
Claims (15)
- 下式(1)の化合物、その鏡像異性体、ジアステレオ異性体、互変異性体、溶媒和物又は薬学的に許容される塩。
[式中、
Rは、COOR6、CONR7R8、テトラゾリル又はHからなる群から選択され、ここで、R6は、H又は低級アルキルからなる群から独立に選択され、R7及びR8は相互に独立に、H、低級アルキル、C1〜6ハロアルキル、C1〜6アルキレン−R9、SO2−C1〜6アルキルからなる群から選択され、R9は、COOH、OH又はSO3Hからなる群から選択され、
Aは、フェニル、ピリジル、ピラゾリル、インドリル、チエニル、ベンゾチエニル、インダゾリル、ベンゾイソオキサゾリル、ベンゾフラニル、ベンゾトリアゾリル、フラニル、ベンゾチアゾリル、チアゾリル(これらの基は各々、OH、低級アルキル、低級シクロアルキル又はハロゲンからなる群から独立に選択される1個又は2個の基で置換されていてもよい。)からなる群から選択され、
Qは、フェニル、ピリジル、チアゾリル、チオフェニル、ピリミジル(これらの基は各々、低級アルキル、ハロゲン又はCF3からなる群から独立に選択される1個又は2個の基で置換されていてもよい。)からなる群から選択され、
であり、ここで、
X=CH、N、NOであり、
R1は、水素、C1〜C3アルキル、C3〜C6シクロアルキル、C4〜C5アルキルシクロアルキルからなる群から選択され、ここで、C1〜3アルキルは、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシ又はC1〜6アルコキシから独立に選択される1〜3個の置換基で置換されていてもよく、
R2及びR3は、水素、C1〜C3アルキル、C1〜C3ハロアルキル、C1〜C3アルコキシ、C1〜C3ハロアルコキシ及びハロゲンからなる群から独立に選択される。] - Rは、COOR6、CONR7R8、テトラゾリル又はHからなる群から選択され、ここで、R6、R7及びR8は、H、低級アルキルからなる群から独立に選択され、
Aは、フェニル、ピリジル、インドリル、チエニル、ベンゾチエニル、インダゾリル、ベンゾイソオキサゾリル、ベンゾフラニル、ベンゾトリアゾリル、フラニル、ベンゾチアゾリル、チアゾリル(これらの基は各々、OH、低級アルキル、低級シクロアルキルからなる群から独立に選択される1個又は2個の基で置換されていてもよい。)からなる群から選択され、
Qは、フェニル、ピリジル、チアゾリル、チオフェニル、ピリミジル(これらの基は各々、低級アルキル、ハロゲン又はCF3からなる群から独立に選択される1個又は2個の基で置換されていてもよい。)からなる群から選択され、
であり、ここで、
X=CH、N、NOであり、
R1は、水素、C1〜C3アルキル、C1〜C3ハロアルキル、C3〜C6シクロアルキル、C4〜C5アルキルシクロアルキルからなる群から選択され、
R2及びR3は、水素、C1〜C3アルキル、C1〜C3ハロアルキル、C1〜C3アルコキシ、C1〜C3ハロアルコキシ及びハロゲンからなる群から独立に選択される、
請求項1に記載の化合物。 - Aはフェニルであり、
Qは、置換されていてもよいフェニル、好ましくは1個の置換基(好ましくはハロゲン)で置換されているフェニルであり、
XはCHであり、
R1はシクロアルキルであり、
R2及びR3はそれぞれハロゲンである、
請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。 - 3−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
(−)−3−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
(+)−3−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
3−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)−5−イソプロピルイソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
3−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(3,5−ジクロロピリジン−4−イル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
4−(4−((4−(2−(3−カルボキシフェニル)シクロプロピル)−3−クロロフェノキシ)メチル)−5−シクロプロピルイソオキサゾール−3−イル)−3,5−ジクロロピリジン1−オキシド、
3−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((1−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)−4−イソプロピル−1H−1,2,3−トリアゾール−5−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
4−((4−(2−(6−(1H−テトラゾール−5−イル)ピリジン−3−イル)シクロプロピル)−3−クロロフェノキシ)メチル)−5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール、
5−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)ピコリン酸
から選択される、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。 - 3−(2−(6−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)−2−(トリフルオロメチル)ピリジン−3−イル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
1,3−ジヒドロキシ−2−(ヒドロキシメチル)プロパン−2−アミニウム4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)ベンゾエート、
(+)−4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
(−)−4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
6−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)−1−メチル−1H−インダゾール−3−カルボン酸、
(+)−6−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)−1−メチル−1H−インダゾール−3−カルボン酸、
(−)−6−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)−1−メチル−1H−インダゾール−3−カルボン酸、
4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)−N−(メチルスルホニル)ベンズアミド、
2−(4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)ベンズアミド)エタンスルホン酸、
4−((4−(2−(4−(1H−テトラゾール−5−イル)フェニル)シクロプロピル)−3−クロロフェノキシ)メチル)−5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール、
4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)−5−(2−ヒドロキシプロパン−2−イル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
5−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)−1−イソプロピル−1H−ピラゾール−3−カルボン酸、
6−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)−1−イソプロピル−1H−インダゾール−3−カルボン酸、
4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)−2,6−ジメチル安息香酸、
4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2−(トリフルオロメトキシ)フェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸、
(+)−2−(4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)ベンズアミド)エタンスルホン酸、
(−)−2−(4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)ベンズアミド)エタンスルホン酸、
2−(4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((5−シクロプロピル−3−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)イソオキサゾール−4−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)ベンズアミド)酢酸、
4−(2−(2−クロロ−4−((4−(2,6−ジクロロフェニル)−1−イソプロピル−1H−1,2,3−トリアゾール−5−イル)メトキシ)フェニル)シクロプロピル)安息香酸
から選択される、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。 - FXRにより媒介される疾患の予防及び/又は治療に使用される、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 慢性肝内若しくは一部の形態の肝外胆汁うっ滞状態、又は慢性胆汁うっ滞状態若しくは急性肝内胆汁うっ滞状態に起因する肝線維症の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
肝臓の閉塞性又は慢性炎症性障害の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
肝硬変の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
脂肪肝及び関連症候群、アルコール誘発性硬変又はウイルス媒介型の肝炎に随伴する胆汁うっ滞作用又は線維化作用の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
肝切除(major liver resection)後の肝不全又は肝虚血の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
化学療法に関連する脂肪性肝炎(CASH)の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
急性肝不全の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
炎症性腸疾患の予防及び/又は治療
に使用される、請求項7に記載の化合物。 - 脂質及びリポタンパク質障害の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
II型糖尿病、並びに糖尿病性腎障害、糖尿病性神経障害、糖尿病性網膜症及び他に観察される臨床的に明らかな長期糖尿病の作用を包含するI型及びII型糖尿病の臨床的合併症の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
脂質及び特にトリグリセリドの強化された蓄積及びそれに続く線維化促進経路の活性化による臓器の慢性脂肪性及び線維化変性に起因する非アルコール性脂肪肝疾患(NAFLD)又は非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)などの状態及び疾患の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
肥満又は代謝症候群(脂質異常症、糖尿病及び異常に高い肥満指数の複合状態)の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
急性心筋梗塞、急性卒中又は慢性閉塞性アテローム硬化症の終点として生じる血栓症の予防及び/又は治療
に使用される、請求項7に記載の化合物。 - 非悪性過剰増殖性障害及び悪性過剰増殖性障害、特に肝細胞癌、結腸腺腫及びポリープ、結腸腺癌、乳癌、膵臓腺癌、バレット食道並びに胃腸管及び肝臓の他の形態の新生物疾患の予防及び/又は治療に使用される、請求項7に記載の化合物。
- FXRにより媒介される疾患の予防及び/又は治療用医薬を調製するための、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の化合物の使用。
- 慢性肝内若しくは一部の形態の肝外胆汁うっ滞状態、又は慢性胆汁うっ滞状態若しくは急性肝内胆汁うっ滞状態に起因する肝線維症の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
肝臓の閉塞性又は慢性炎症性障害の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
肝硬変の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
脂肪肝及び関連症候群、アルコール誘発性硬変又はウイルス媒介型の肝炎に随伴する胆汁うっ滞作用又は線維化作用の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
肝切除(major liver resection)後の肝不全又は肝虚血の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
化学療法に関連する脂肪性肝炎(CASH)の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
急性肝不全の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
炎症性腸疾患の予防及び/又は治療
のための、請求項11に記載の使用。 - 脂質及びリポタンパク質障害の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
II型糖尿病、並びに糖尿病性腎障害、糖尿病性神経障害、糖尿病性網膜症及び他に観察される臨床的に明らかな長期糖尿病の作用を包含するI型及びII型糖尿病の臨床的合併症の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
脂質及び特にトリグリセリドの強化された蓄積及びそれに続く線維化促進経路の活性化による臓器の慢性脂肪性及び線維化変性に起因する非アルコール性脂肪肝疾患(NAFLD)又は非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)などの状態及び疾患の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
肥満又は代謝症候群(脂質異常症、糖尿病又は異常に高い肥満指数の複合状態)の予防及び/又は治療、及び/又は
急性心筋梗塞、急性卒中又は慢性閉塞性アテローム硬化症の終点として生じる血栓症の予防及び/又は治療
のための、請求項11に記載の使用。 - 非悪性過剰増殖性障害及び悪性過剰増殖性障害、特に肝細胞癌、結腸腺腫及びポリープ、結腸腺癌、乳癌、膵臓腺癌、バレット食道並びに胃腸管及び肝臓の他の形態の新生物疾患を予防及び/又は治療するための、請求項11に記載の使用。
- 医薬として使用される、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
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