JP5646701B2 - タンパク質、ペプチドおよび他の分子の改善されたf−18標識化のための方法および組成物 - Google Patents
タンパク質、ペプチドおよび他の分子の改善されたf−18標識化のための方法および組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、ある実施形態においては、生体内画像化に役立つ、ペプチドをF−18で標識化する単純な方法に関する。F−18標識化ペプチドの好ましい比活性度は、患者への投与時において1,000Ci/mmolから2,000Ci/mmolである。100Ci/mmolから数万Ci/mmolの範囲にある比活性度も役立つ。好ましくは、F−18標識化は、標識化ペプチドから非標識化ペプチドを分離するための精製ステップを必要とすることなく達成される。
ある実施形態においては、F−18標識化部分は、ペプチドまたは他の標的化可能なコンストラクトを含み得る。そのような標的化可能なコンストラクトは、多様な構造のものとなり得、十分な免疫応答を顕現させるためだけでなく、事前標的化方法および二重特異性抗体(bsAb)または多重特異性抗体内で使用される場合は、速やかな生体内除去のために選択される。強力な免疫応答を顕現させるためには疎水性物質が最も良く、一方、速やかな生体内除去のためには親水性物質が好ましい。したがって、疎水性および親水性の間の特性のバランスが確立される。これは、部分的には、親水性キレート剤を使用して多くの有機部分の本質的な疎水性を相殺することにより達成され得る。また、例えば、いくつかは疎水性、いくつかは親水性であるアミノ酸を含有するペプチド等、反対の溶液特性を有する標的化可能なコンストラクトのサブユニットを選択することができる。ペプチドとは別に、炭水化物が使用され得る。
一部の実施形態においては、F−18標識化分子は、金属イオンに結合することができ、また速やかな生体内除去を確実とすることを補助し得る、1つ以上の親水性キレート部分を含み得る。キレート剤は、その特定の金属結合特性により選択することができ、または容易に交換可能である。
様々な実施形態において、二重特異性抗体および標的化可能なコンストラクトは、正常または疾患組織および器官の画像化に使用され得る(例えば、米国特許第6,126,916、6,077,499号、第6,010,680号、第5,776,095号、第5,776,094号、第5,776,093号、第5,772,981号、第5,753,206号、第5,746,996号、第5,697,902号、第5,328,679号、第5,128,119号、第5,101,827号、および第4,735,210号を参照)。
ペプチド骨格に対するAbは、Ab生成の周知の方法により生成され得る。例えば、免疫正常動物に対する、完全フロイントアジュバント中の(ペプチド)n−KLH(式中、KLHはキーホールリンペットヘモシアニンであり、n=1〜30である)等の免疫原の注射、次いで、不完全フロイントアジュバント中に懸濁した同じ免疫原の続く2回の注射を、脾臓細胞収集により、抗原のi.v.ブーストの3日後に行う。次いで収集された脾臓細胞を、Sp2/0−Ag14骨髄腫細胞と融合させ、得られたクローンの培養上清を、直接結合ELISAを使用して抗ペプチド反応性について分析する。生成されたAbの特異性は、元の免疫原のペプチドフラグメントを使用して分析することができる。これらのフラグメントは、自動ペプチド合成器を使用して容易に調製することができる。Ab生成のために、酵素欠乏ハイブリドーマを単離して融合細胞系の選択を可能とする。この技術は、標的化可能なコンストラクトを含む1つ以上のキレート、例えばIn(III)−DTPAキレートに対する抗体を惹起するためにも使用可能である。In(III)−di−DTPAに対するモノクローナルマウス抗体が知られている(Barbet’395、上記参照)。
使用した第1のペプチドは、以下のIMP272であった。
DTPA−Gln−Ala−Lys(HSG)−D−Tyr−Lys(HSG)−NH2
MH+ 1512
カラム:WATERS(登録商標)XTERRA(商標)MS C18 5μm、4.6×250mm
流量:1mL/分
勾配緩衝液:緩衝液C、脱イオン水中0.1%NH4OAc(酢酸アンモニウム)、緩衝液D、90%アセトニトリル、10%水および0.1%NH4OAc(酢酸アンモニウム)
勾配:100%緩衝液Cから100%緩衝液Dまで、30分にわたる直線勾配を使用
実行時間:30分
カラム:BIORAD(登録商標)BIO−SIL(商標)SEC250、300×7.8mm
勾配:定組成
溶離緩衝液:0.2Mリン酸塩、pH6.8
流量:1mL/分
実行時間:30分
ペプチド(16μL 2mM IMP272、48μg)をF−18で標識化し、抗体結合についてサイズ排除HPLCで分析した(放射トレース、図6から図9)。サイズ排除HPLCは、ペプチドhMN−14×679に結合したが、無関係な二重特異性抗体hMN−14×734には結合しなかったことを示した(図8対図9)。
金属原液(6×10−9モル)の約3μLアリコートをポリプロピレン製円錐型バイアルに入れ、75μLのF−18(未処理)と混合し、室温で約2分間インキュベートし、次いで、0.1M NaOAc (酢酸アンモニウム)pH4緩衝液中の2mM(4×10−8mol)IMP272溶液20μLと混合した。加熱ブロック中で溶液を110℃で15分間加熱し、逆相HPLCにより分析した。インジウム(図10)、ガリウム(図11)、ジルコニウム(図12)、ルテチウム(図13)、およびイットリウム(図14)でのIMP272の標識化について結果を示す。
2mMアルミニウム原液の3μLアリコートをポリプロピレン製円錐型バイアルに入れ、50μLのF−18(未処理)と混合し、室温で約2分間インキュベートし、次いで0.1M NaOAc(酢酸アンモニウム)pH4緩衝液中の2mMペプチド溶液16〜20μLと混合した。加熱ブロック中で溶液を110℃で15分間加熱し、逆相HPLC(PHENOMENEX(商標)、GEMINI(登録商標)、5μ、C−18、110A、250×4.6mm HPLCカラム)により分析した。
DTPA誘導体のほとんどは、IMP272の標識化に匹敵する標識化を示した。例外があり、システイン側鎖にビスホスホネート基を有するIMP349は非常に標識化に乏しかった。DOTA配位子はAl−18Fに結合しなかった。IMP326のITC DTPA配位子は、DTPAと同様に、Al−18Fに結合しなかった。IMP331のNTA配位子は、Al−18Fに結合しなかった。IMP332のEDTA配位子は、DTPAとは異なり、Al−18Fに結合した。対称DTPA配位子はAl−18Fに結合しなかった。試験されたホスホネートおよびホスフェート基は、試験された条件下ではAl−18Fに良好に結合しなかった。スクリーニングは、DTPAの近くに付着した基が、Al−18F−DTPA錯体の安定性に影響し得ることを示した。スクリーニングは、IMP375がより良好に標識化され、IMP272よりも著しく安定な錯体を形成することを示した。IMP375は良好に標識化され、水中で安定であった(図15、図16)が、生体内での使用のためには血清安定性が改善されなければならない(図17、図18)。
Fmoc戦略を使用した固相ペプチド合成によりペプチドを合成した。差別的脱保護を可能とするために、Fmoc/Aloc保護基を使用してジアミノアミノ酸の側鎖に基を付加した。Aloc基は、Danglesら(J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52:4984−4993)の方法により除去したが、ただし、使用した酢酸にピペリジンを1:1の比で添加した。非対称テトラ−t−ブチルDTPAを、McBrideら(米国特許出願公開番号US2005/0002945 A1、出願番号第10/776,470号、公開日2005年1月6日)に記載のように作製した。トリ−t−ブチルDOTA、対称テトラ−t−ブチルDTPAおよびITC−ベンジルDTPAは、MACROCYCLICS(登録商標)から得た。Aloc/FmocリシンおよびDap(ジアミノプロピオン酸誘導体(Dprとも))は、CREOSALUS(登録商標)またはBACHEM(登録商標)から得た。Sieber Amide樹脂は、NOVABIOCHEM(登録商標)から得た。残りのFmocアミノ酸は、CREOSALUS(登録商標)、BACHEM(登録商標)、PEPTECH(登録商標)またはNOVABIOCHEM(登録商標)から得た。
GW−39ヒト結腸異種移植片腫瘍を有するヌードマウス(100〜500mg)に、二重特異性抗体hMN−14×m679(1.5×10−10mol)を注射した。抗体を、F−18標識化ペプチド(8.8μCi、1.5×10−11mol)の注射の前に、除去のために24時間放置した。注射から3時間、24時間および48時間後に動物を撮像した。異種移植片腫瘍は、hMN−14の腫瘍抗原への結合により腫瘍に局在化した二重特異性hMN−14×m679に結合したF−18標識化ペプチドのPETスキャン検出により明確に画像化された。
IMP449 NOTA−ITCベンジル−D−Ala−D−Lys(HSG)−D−Tyr−D−Lys(HSG)−NH2 MH+ 1459
ペプチド0.002g(1.37×10−6mol)を、686μL(2mMペプチド溶液)の0.1M NaOAc pH4.02に溶解した。pH4酢酸塩緩衝液中の2mM Al溶液3マイクロリットルを、15μL、1.3mCiのF−18と混合した。次いで溶液を20μLの2mM IMP449溶液と混合し、105℃で15分間加熱した。逆相HPLC分析では、35%(室温約10分)の活性がペプチドに付着し、65%の活性がカラムの空隙容量で溶出(3.1分)したことが示され、これは活性がペプチドとは関連していないことを示唆していた。粗標識化混合物(5μL)をプールヒト血清と混合し、37℃でインキュベートした。15分後にアリコートを取り出し、HPLCで分析した。HPLCは、活性の9.8%がまだペプチドに付着していることを示した(35%から低下)。1時間後に別のアリコートを取り出し、HPLCで分析した。HPLCは、活性の7.6%がまだペプチドに付着していることを示し(35%から低下)、これは本質的には15分トレースと同じであった。
精製されたIMP449を用いたさらなる試験は、F−18標識化ペプチドがヒト血清中37℃で少なくとも1時間は極めて安定(91%、図19B)であり、ヒト血清中37℃で少なくとも4時間は部分的に安定(76%、図19D)であることを実証した。これらの結果は、本明細書で開示されたF−18標識化ペプチドが、F−18画像化試験に使用する上で、近似的な生体内条件下で十分な安定性を示すことを示している。
Claims (8)
- タンパク質またはペプチドに付着したF−18金属錯体を含む、F−18標識化タンパク質またはペプチドからなる、陽電子放出断層撮影法(PET)用の画像化剤であって、前記金属が、アルミニウム、ガリウム、インジウム、ルテチウムおよびタリウムからなる群から選択される、画像化剤。
- 前記タンパク質またはペプチドがキレート部分を含み、該キレート部分に前記F−18金属錯体が付着している、請求項1に記載の画像化剤。
- 前記キレート部分が、NOTA(1,4,7−トリアザ−シクロノナン−N,N’,N’’−三酢酸)である、請求項2に記載の画像化剤。
- 前記ペプチドが、IMP449(NOTA−ITCベンジル−D−Ala−D−Lys(HSG)−D−Tyr−D−Lys(HSG)−NH 2 )である、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の画像化剤。
- 前記金属は、アルミニウムである、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の画像化剤。
- 前記F−18標識化タンパク質またはペプチドは、水溶液中で安定である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の画像化剤。
- 抗体、抗体フラグメントまたは抗体コンストラクトを使用して関心部位に標的化される、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の画像化剤。
- 二重特異性抗体を使用して関心部位に標的化される、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の画像化剤。
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