JP5618272B2 - 光応答性液晶化合物およびその応用 - Google Patents
光応答性液晶化合物およびその応用 Download PDFInfo
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- G02F1/135—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a photoconducting or a ferro-electric layer, the properties of which can be optically or electrically varied
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Description
<1> 一般式(1)
R1、R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立的に、水素、アルキル基、アルコキシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アルコキシカルボニルオキシ基、アルカノイル基、アルカノイルオキシ基、アルコキシフェニル基、およびN−アルキルアミノカルボニル基からなる群から選択され、nは整数を表す。
ただし、R1、R2およびR3の全てが水素の場合を除く)
で示される液晶化合物。
<2> nが1〜4の整数であることを特徴とする<1>に記載の液晶化合物。
<3> 紫外光または可視光の照射によって相変化することを特徴とする<1>に記載の液晶化合物。
<4> ディスコチック液晶相を示すことを特徴とする<1>に記載の液晶化合物。
<5> 紫外光の照射によって結晶相−等方相の可逆の相変化をすることを特徴とする<1>に記載の液晶化合物。
<6> <1>から<5>のいずれかに記載の液晶化合物を用いた光学素子。
<7> <1>から<5>のいずれかに記載の液晶化合物を用いた感光性材料。
<8> 光パターニング材料または感光性インクであることを特徴とする<7>に記載の感光性材料。
液晶化合物1(n=1、R 1 =OC 12 H 25 、R 2 =H、R 3 =H)および液晶化合物2(n=2、R 1 =OC 12 H 25 、R 2 =H、R 3 =H)の合成
パラニトロフェノール(27.8g、200mmol)に水5mLを加え、80℃に加熱・攪拌して溶解させた。そこに濃硫酸10mLおよびホルムアルデヒド水溶液(35%)10mLを加え、125℃に昇温して1時間攪拌を続けた。薄層クロマトグラフィー(TLC)によりパラニトロフェノールの消失を確認した後、室温で放冷し、蒸留水を注ぎ入れて固体を析出させた。析出した固体を濾別し、5%NaOH水溶液に分散させた。不溶物を濾過によって取り除き、得られた塩基性水溶液を塩酸により酸性化して固体を析出させた。析出した固体を濾別し、蒸留水で洗浄した後に真空乾燥を行うことで中間体3を得た(淡黄色固体、収量:26.4g、収率:91%)。
中間体3(2.9g、10mmol)、1−ブロモドデカン(7.5g、30mmol)、炭酸カリウム(6.9g、50mmol)、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF、50mL)の混合物を、窒素雰囲気下、80℃で4時間加熱・攪拌した。TLCにより中間体3の消失を確認した後、反応液に蒸留水を加えヘキサンで抽出を行った。合わせた有機相を、蒸留水で1回、飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液で1回洗浄した。次いで、有機相に無水硫酸マグネシウムを加えて乾燥させた。固体を濾過にて取り除いた後、溶媒を減圧留去した。目的化合物をヘキサン:クロロホルム=1:1の混合液を展開溶媒とするシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにより分離し、溶媒を減圧留去することで純粋な中間体4を得た(白色結晶、収量:3.2g、収率:51%)。
中間体4(1.0g、1.6mmol)を無水テトラヒドロフラン(THF)300mLに溶解させた。この溶液に対して、9.0mLの水素化リチウムアルミニウム無水THF溶液(1.0mol/L)を室温で約20分かけて滴下し、その後、40℃で3時間攪拌した。反応液に蒸留水200mLを加え、THFの大部分を減圧留去した。得られた残渣を、酢酸エチルで抽出した。合わせた有機相を蒸留水で1回、飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液で1回洗浄した。次いで、有機相に無水硫酸マグネシウムを加えて乾燥させた。固体を濾過にて取り除いた後、溶媒を減圧留去した。得られたオイル状の残渣を、ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=20:1の混合液を展開溶媒とするシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、複数の環状オリゴマーを含む混合物を得た。これをさらにゲル浸透クロマトグラフィーにより分離し、単一の環状2量体である液晶化合物1(橙色固体、収量:6.4mg、収率0.7%)および環状3量体である液晶化合物2(橙色グリース状、収量:13.0mg、収率1.4%)を得た。
TLC: Rf = 0.31 (CHCl3-Hexane, 1 : 1);
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.06 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 4H), 7.62 (dd, J1 = 8.7 Hz, J2 = 2.4 Hz, 4H), 6.92 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 4H), 4.21 (s, 4H), 4.05 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 8H), 1.87 (m, 8H), 1.22-1.72 (m, 80H), 0.90 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 12H);
13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ 157.6, 146.2, 127.5, 127.1, 118.7, 110.3, 67.5, 30.9, 28.7, 28.6, 28.4, 28.3, 28.2, 25.0, 23.8, 21.6, 13.1;
MS (MALDI): m/z 1125.90 (calc. [M + H]+ = 1125.90)
TLC: Rf = 0.31 (CHCl3-Hexane, 1 : 1);
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ7.71 (dd, J1 = 8.6 Hz, J2 = 2.4 Hz, 6H), 7.64 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 6H), 6.91 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 6H), 4.09 (s, 4H), 4.00 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 12H), 1.76 (m, 12H), 1.21-1.44 (m, 120H), 0.90 (t, J = 6.7 Hz, 18H);
13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): δ159.1, 146.8, 130.0, 124.3, 122.9, 111.0, 68.4, 32.1, 29.9, 29.8, 29.7, 29.6, 29.5, 29.4, 29.3, 26.2, 22.8, 14.3;
MS (MALDI): m/z 1688.38 (calc. [M + H]+ = 1688.35)
上記で得られた液晶化合物1および液晶化合物2をガラスサンドイッチセルに封入し、ホットステージを備えた偏光顕微鏡により観察した。図1(a)は、120℃における液晶化合物1の偏光顕微鏡写真であり、図1(b)は、室温における液晶化合物2の偏光顕微鏡写真である。液晶化合物1および液晶化合物2ともに、クロスニコル下で複屈折を示し、かつ、流動性を有していた。特に、液晶化合物1はスメクチック相に特徴的なファンテクスチャを示した(図1(a))。
液晶化合物1および液晶化合物2のクロロホルム溶液(1.0×10-5M)の紫外可視吸収スペクトルを、紫外光(波長365nm)の照射前および照射後において測定した。その結果を、図4(a)(液晶化合物1)および図4(b)(液晶化合物2)に示す。図4(a)および図4(b)において、実線は紫外線照射前のスペクトルを示し、破線は紫外線照射後のスペクトルを示す。液晶化合物1および液晶化合物2の両方において、紫外線照射後に、アゾベンゼンのトランス体に由来する350nm付近の吸収が減少し、500nm以上の長波長側にある弱い吸収が増加した。無溶媒の薄膜状態の液晶化合物1および液晶化合物2においても、ほぼ同様の変化が観測された。これらのことから、液晶化合物1および液晶化合物2が、紫外光照射によって効率的に光異性化することが明らかになった。
液晶化合物1および液晶化合物2をガラスサンドイッチセルに封入し、偏光顕微鏡観察下で紫外線を照射した。図5は、120℃における液晶化合物1の偏光顕微鏡写真を示し、(a)は紫外光照射前、(b)は紫外光照射直後、および(c)は紫外光照射10秒後の偏光顕微鏡写真を示す。図6は、120℃における液晶化合物2の偏光顕微鏡写真を示し、(a)は紫外光照射前、(b)は紫外光照射直後、および(c)は紫外光照射10秒後の偏光顕微鏡写真を示す。
観察温度を25℃に変更した点を除いて前述と同様の手順を用いて、液晶化合物1および液晶化合物2をガラスサンドイッチセルに封入し、偏光顕微鏡観察下で紫外線を照射した。図7および図8は、それぞれ、液晶化合物1および2の結晶相−等方相転移の偏光顕微鏡写真を示し、(a)は25℃における結晶相を示す偏光顕微鏡写真であり、(b)は25℃において波長365nmの紫外線を照射した状態を示す偏光顕微鏡写真であり、(c)は紫外線照射後にセルを100℃に加熱した後に25℃まで冷却した状態を示す顕微鏡写真であり、(d)は25℃に冷却した状態で2回目の紫外線照射を行った状態を示す偏光顕微鏡写真である。
本発明の液晶化合物を用いて作成されるTFT素子の構成例を図9(a)〜(c)に示す。図9(a)のトップコンタクト型TFT素子は、基板10と、基板10上のゲート電極20と、ゲート電極20を覆うゲート絶縁膜30と、ゲート絶縁膜30を覆う有機半導体層40と、有機半導体層40上に形成されたソース電極50およびドレイン電極60とを有する。ここで、有機半導体層40またはゲート絶縁膜30のいずれかを本発明の液晶化合物を用いて形成することができる。本発明の液晶化合物を用いて形成された有機半導体層40またはゲート絶縁膜30に紫外光または可視光を照射することによって、TFT素子の電気的特性を制御することが可能となる。
本発明の液晶化合物を用いて作成される液晶ディスプレイの構成例を図10に示す。図10の液晶ディスプレイは、一対の透明基板110(a,b)と、一対の透明基板110(a,b)に挟持される液晶層120およびカラーフィルター130と、一対の透明基板110(a,b)のそれぞれの外側に配置される光学補償板140(a,b)および偏光板140(a,b)と、光取り出し側の偏光板140bの表面に配置される反射防止層180と、バックライト(不図示)側の偏光板140aの表面に配置される輝度向上フィルム160および導光板170とを有する。ここで、カラーフィルター130、光学補償板140(a,b)、輝度向上フィルム160、導光板170、および反射防止層180は、必要に応じて設けてもよい任意選択的な層である。ここで、図10の液晶ディスプレイにおいて、液晶層120または光学補償板140(a,b)のいずれかを本発明の液晶化合物を用いて形成することができる。
20 ゲート電極
30 ゲート絶縁膜
40 有機半導体層
50 ソース電極
60 ドレイン電極
110(a,b) 透明基板
120 液晶層
130 カラーフィルター
140(a,b) 光学補償板
150(a,b) 偏光板
160 輝度向上フィルム
170 導光板
180 反射防止層
Claims (7)
- 一般式(1)
(式中
R1、R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立的に、水素、およびアルコキシル基からなる群から選択され、nは1〜4の整数を表す。
ただし、R1、R2およびR3の全てが水素の場合を除く)
で示されることを特徴とする液晶化合物。 - 紫外光または可視光の照射によって相変化することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の液晶化合物。
- ディスコチック液晶相を示すことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の液晶化合物。
- 紫外光または可視光の照射によって結晶相−等方相の可逆の相変化をすることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の液晶化合物。
- 請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の液晶化合物を用いた光学素子。
- 請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の液晶化合物を用いた感光性材料。
- 光パターニング材料、感光性インクまたは感光性接着剤であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の感光性材料。
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PCT/JP2011/002603 WO2011142124A1 (ja) | 2010-05-10 | 2011-05-10 | 光応答性液晶化合物およびその応用 |
CN201180027838.4A CN102947277B (zh) | 2010-05-10 | 2011-05-10 | 光响应性液晶化合物及其应用 |
US13/697,298 US8933208B2 (en) | 2010-05-10 | 2011-05-10 | Photo-responsive liquid crystalline compound and its applications |
KR1020127029170A KR101450989B1 (ko) | 2010-05-10 | 2011-05-10 | 광 응답성 액정 화합물 및 그 응용 |
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CN107075263B (zh) * | 2015-01-27 | 2020-06-30 | 国立研究开发法人产业技术综合研究所 | 光感应性复合材料和其制造方法、及光感应性复合材料膜的使用方法 |
US11702398B2 (en) | 2019-02-14 | 2023-07-18 | Konica Minolta, Inc. | Photoresponsive low-molecular weight material, adhesive, toner, and image forming method |
US20200263088A1 (en) | 2019-02-14 | 2020-08-20 | Konica Minolta, Inc. | Photoresponsive high-molecular weight material, adhesive, toner, and image forming method |
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