JP5616786B2 - 糞便処理容器 - Google Patents
糞便処理容器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5616786B2 JP5616786B2 JP2010511956A JP2010511956A JP5616786B2 JP 5616786 B2 JP5616786 B2 JP 5616786B2 JP 2010511956 A JP2010511956 A JP 2010511956A JP 2010511956 A JP2010511956 A JP 2010511956A JP 5616786 B2 JP5616786 B2 JP 5616786B2
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Description
本願は、2008年5月12日に、日本に出願された特願2008−125143号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
また、細胞の組織学的及び細胞学的観察に加え、保存後の細胞中のタンパク質や核酸等に対する分子学的解析をも可能とする保存溶液として、例えば以下の保存溶液を用いた試料処理方法が挙げられる。特許文献4では、緩衝成分、少なくとも1つのアルコール成分、固定剤成分、並びにRNA、DNA及びタンパク質からなる群の少なくとも1つの分解を抑制する薬剤を含む普遍的収集培地を用いる試料処理方法が開示され、特許文献5では、5〜20%ポリエチレングリコール及び80〜95%メタノールを含有した非水溶液を用いる試料処理法が開示されている。
また、特許文献7では、便潜血検査の目的で、0.03g程度の極少量の採取された糞便を、保存液等を含有した懸濁液に混合させて懸濁を行う糞便処理容器が開示されている。
しかしながら、凍結させた糞便は、硬度が高いため粉砕し難く、取り扱いが困難である。また、粉砕時に凍結片が飛び散るため、汚染や感染の危険がある。また、特許文献2に示した殺細菌剤等を添加する糞便処理方法においては、冷却操作を必要とせず、室温で糞便試料の調製や保存が可能であるものの、糞便から大腸剥離細胞を分離する作業は煩雑である。さらに、殺細菌剤等により破壊されたバクテリア由来の核酸分解酵素やタンパク質分解酵素により、大腸剥離細胞及び大腸剥離細胞由来の核酸等が分解されてしまう。その結果、大腸がん検出の精度が低下するおそれがある。その他、細胞を生存させた状態で保存しているために、大腸剥離細胞中の遺伝子発現等の分子学的プロファイリングが培地中の抗生物質等の成分の影響や、時間経過に伴う劣化・分解等により糞便中の細胞が変化してしまうという問題もある。
すなわち、
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1にかかる糞便処理容器1の概要構成を示す模式図である。この糞便処理容器1は、採便治具100と、懸濁液保持部110と、処理液保持部120とを備える。これらの部材は、それぞれが密閉された状態で糞便処理容器1中に存在し、それぞれ脱着可能となっている。また、糞便試料調製用溶液を構成する懸濁液Sと糞便処理液Pとが、それぞれ懸濁液保持容器111と処理液保持容器121とに収容されている。
なお、筆者らの検討で、糞便中の大腸剥離細胞等の哺乳細胞由来の核酸等を効率よく回収できることが見出されている。その糞便処理方法は、採取された糞便を、水溶性有機溶媒を有効成分とする糞便試料調製用溶液に混合させ、糞便と糞便試料調整用溶液とを混合した糞便試料中から腸内常在菌由来の核酸と、腸内常在菌以外の生物由来の核酸とを同時に回収する方法である。
特に、直鎖脂肪酸、ジカルボン酸、ヒドロキシ酸等が好ましく、酢酸、アジピン酸、クエン酸、乳酸がより好ましい。アジピン酸やクエン酸を用いることにより、特に優れた核酸高保存効果を得ることができる。その他、酢酸は、充分な核酸高保存効果を得ることができることに加えて、汎用されており、かつ経済的であることから好ましい。
添加されるキレート剤の濃度は、糞便試料中の阻害物質を除去するために十分な濃度であれば、特に限定されなく、キレート剤の種類等を考慮して適宜決定することができる。好ましくは、本発明の糞便試料調製用溶液における最終濃度が0.1mM〜1Mの範囲となるように、各キレート剤を添加する。
図4は、本発明の実施の形態2にかかる糞便処理容器2の概要構成を示す模式図である。この糞便処理容器2は、採便治具200と、懸濁液保持部210と、処理液保持部220とを備え、それぞれが密閉された状態で糞便処理容器2中に存在し、それぞれ脱着可能となっている。また、糞便試料調製用の溶液を構成する懸濁液Sと糞便処理液Pとが、それぞれ懸濁液保持容器211と処理液保持容器221とに収容されている。
その後、突起部412が、封止剤支承部422に保持されている封止剤431を処理液保持容器421内に放出することで得られた糞便懸濁液と糞便処理液Pとが互いに連通孔413を流通して混合する。尚、本実施形態では、封止剤431、封止剤支承部422と突起部412とを含む部材を開放機構と呼ぶ。
図7は、本発明の実施の形態3にかかる糞便処理容器5の概要構成を示す模式図である。図7に示す糞便処理容器5は、採便治具500と、懸濁液保持部510と、処理液保持容器521とを備え、それぞれが密閉された状態で糞便処理容器5内に存在する。また、糞便試料調製用の溶液を構成する懸濁液Sと糞便処理液Pとが、それぞれ懸濁液保持容器511と処理液保持容器521とに収容されている。
なお、懸濁液保持容器511と処理液保持容器521とに抗張力の差異を設けることで、押圧によって処理液保持容器521のみが破断される。ここで混合されて得られた糞便試料が核酸の回収に用いられる。
図11は、本発明の実施の形態4にかかる糞便処理容器7の概要構成を示す模式図である。この糞便処理容器7は、懸濁液保持部700と、連結部710と、処理液保持部720とを備え、それぞれが密閉された状態で糞便処理容器7内に存在する。また、糞便試料調製用溶液を構成する懸濁液Sと糞便処理液Pとが、それぞれ懸濁液保持容器701と処理液保持容器721とに収容されている。
なお、本実施形態では導入機構に該当する部材の説明はないが、従来の方法でも、上述した実施形態に記載の導入機構により糞便サンプルEを懸濁液保持容器701内に導入しても良い。また、本実施形態では突起部711、封止膜722とを含む部材を開放機構と呼ぶ。
100,200,300,400,500,600,700 採便治具
101,201,301,401,501,601,701 蓋
102,203,403,502,602 採便棒
110,210,310,410,510,610,700 懸濁液保持部
111,211,311,411,511,611,701 懸濁液保持容器
112,414,512,612 スライダ
120,220,320,420,720 処理液保持部
121,221,321,421,521,621,721 処理液保持容器
122,322 封止剤支承部
131,331,431 封止剤
202,302,402 ピストン
212,312,412,711 突起部
213,313,413,713 連通孔
222,722 封止膜
415 サンプル裁断部
710 連結部
712 接合部
E 糞便サンプル
P 糞便処理液
S 懸濁液
Claims (15)
- 採取した糞便から核酸を回収するための糞便試料を調製処理する糞便処理容器において、
前記糞便を懸濁する懸濁液を保持する懸濁液保持部と、
前記懸濁液保持部に前記糞便を導入する導入機構と、
前記核酸を安定化させる糞便処理液を保持する処理液保持部と、
前記懸濁液保持部と前記処理液保持部との間を開放する開放機構と、
を備え、
前記糞便処理液は、水溶性アルコールである糞便処理容器。 - 前記開放機構は、前記懸濁液保持部と前記処理液保持部とを連通する連通孔と、
前記連通孔内に設けられて連通を封止する封止部と、を備え、
前記処理液保持部は伸縮自在な容器であり、該処理液保持容器を縮めることによる処理液の圧力増大によって封止部の封止を解除して、前記糞便処理液を前記懸濁液側に流入させる請求項1に記載の糞便処理容器。 - 前記処理液保持部は、軸線方向に伸縮自在であり、全糞便処理液を前記懸濁液保持部側に流入させる請求項1または2に記載の糞便処理容器。
- 前記開放機構は、前記懸濁液保持部と前記処理液保持部との間を封止する封止部と、
前記封止部を穿って前記懸濁液保持部と前記処理液保持部との間を開放する突起部と、
を備える請求項1に記載の糞便処理容器。 - 前記開放機構は、前記懸濁液保持部と前記処理液保持部との間を封止する封止部と、
前記封止部を押圧して前記懸濁液保持部と前記処理液保持部との間を開放する突起部と、
を備える請求項1に記載の糞便処理容器。 - 前記処理液保持部は、前記懸濁液保持部内部に形成されるとともに、その懸濁液保持部およびその処理液保持部は弾性材で形成され、
前記懸濁液保持部および前記処理液保持部の外部からの押圧によって前記処理液保持部を破断し、
前記糞便処理液を前記懸濁液側に流入させる請求項1に記載の糞便処理容器。 - 前記処理液保持部は、前記懸濁液保持部の内部に形成されるとともに、その懸濁液保持部およびその処理液保持部は弾性材で形成され、さらに、前記処理液保持部の一部の抗張力が前記懸濁液保持部の抗張力に対して低く、前記懸濁液保持部および前記処理液保持部の外部からその懸濁液保持部およびその処理液保持部を折り曲げることによって、その処理液保持部の抗張力の低い一部が破断して、前記糞便処理液を前記懸濁液側に流入させる請求項1に記載の糞便処理容器。
- 少なくとも前記懸濁保持部と前記処理液保持部とは別体であり、その懸濁液保持部とその処理液保持部とは互いに装着可能である請求項1に記載の糞便処理容器。
- 前記懸濁液は、水、生理食塩水または、緩衝剤である請求項1に記載の糞便処理容器。
- 前記糞便試料は、前記水溶性アルコールを30%以上含有する請求項1〜9のいずれか一つに記載の糞便処理容器。
- 前記水溶性アルコールは、エタノール、プロパノール及びメタノールからなる群から1つ以上選定される請求項1〜10のいずれか一つに記載の糞便処理容器。
- 前記懸濁液及び/又は糞便処理液は、界面活性剤を含有する請求項1〜11のいずれか一つに記載の糞便処理容器。
- 前記懸濁液及び/又は糞便処理液は、着色剤を含有する請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の糞便処理容器。
- 前記水溶性アルコールは、有機酸を含有する請求項8〜11のいずれか一つに記載の糞便処理容器。
- 前記水溶性アルコールは、キレート剤、及び/又はポリカチオンを含む請求項8〜11のいずれか一つに記載の糞便処理容器。
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