JP5565604B2 - Formulated feed for early seedling seedlings with a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm and a method for feeding the mixed feed - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to vegetative useful foods such as abalone (black abalone, mega abalone, madaka abalone, Ezo abalone, abalone, and Hariotis genus abalone from Australia and South Africa) (Akauni, Murasaki sea urchin, Kitamura sea urchin, Ezobafununi sea urchin) The present invention relates to a dietary feed for an early seedling seedling that has a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm and a method for feeding the mixed diet.

The early seedlings (shell length 0.5 mm to 3 mm) of the habitats that feed on the habitat adhere to the substrate surface and inhabit the adhering phytoplankton, but the dietary system is underdeveloped because the digestive system is underdeveloped. Quality and quantity influence growth and survival. In addition, for seedlings of 1 mm or less, there is a limit to the size of food that can be fed due to the size of the mouthpiece (10-30 μm), which also affects growth and survival.
In the normal seedling production process, naturally occurring adherent phytoplanktons are cultivated and bred as feed, but these adherent phytoplankton feeds are affected by vegetation transition, so the types and Its production varies over time.
Furthermore, the amount of feed produced from adherent phytoplanktons is determined by the area of the adherent substrate. In other words, adherent phytoplanktons that serve as food cannot be densified.
For these reasons, there is no effective method for solving the deterioration of feed quality and quantity shortage of adherent phytoplanktons in the breeding of early seedlings of useful vegetative shellfish. This causes a large amount of wear and a decrease in production efficiency.

  The method of supplying a large amount of adherent phytoplankton, which is the main feed in nature, is a method for culturing a sufficient amount of feed because the amount of adherent phytoplankton produced is proportional to the area where light power can be used. It is not practical because it requires a huge facility area. For this reason, for the purpose of solving the problem, the composition and method of use of the mixed feed shown in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-46696 have been devised, but the main component is seaweed which is an adult staple food.

By the way, the inventors of the present application have shown for the first time by histological methods that the early seedlings of carnivorous useful varieties are undeveloped, similar to bivalve larvae, in the digestive organ digestion mechanism and digestive absorption. I found it.
That is, according to what the inventors have found for the first time, in the early seedlings (shell length 0.5 mm to 3 mm) of the vegetative useful shellfish, because the digestive blind pouch, which is the main digestive absorption organ of adults, is undeveloped, It was clarified that the phagocytic action and the secretion of digestive enzymes by functional cells of the organ cannot be sufficiently expected (FIG. 1).

For this reason, in the early seedlings of edible useful varieties, digestion and absorbability are fragile, and those mainly composed of seaweed which is the main component of JP-A-11-46696 cannot be used as feed. Therefore, it became clear that the feed effect on the initial seedlings (shell length 0.5 mm to 3 mm) cannot be expected with the mixed feed mainly composed of seaweed powder disclosed in JP-A-11-46696.
Animal protein is effective as a supplementary nutritional component, but the dietary vegetatives are originally plant-based food, so the digestibility of animal protein is low, especially the digestive cecum is not yet developed However, animal protein cannot be used as the main ingredient of feed in early seedlings of useful edible plants that are weak in digestion and absorption. That is, it has also been clarified that the addition of fish meal or the like as disclosed in JP-A-11-46696 as a main ingredient of the feed as a feed for early seedlings of carp-type useful varieties cannot be expected to replace the feed effect at all.

Regarding the method of supplying the feed to the initial seedlings of the edible useful shellfish having a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm, the supply by the method of heating or drying the feed described in JP-A-11-46696 is 3 mm or less on the adherent substrate. It is necessary to remove the early seedlings of euphoretic and useful varieties in advance, and feeding without being inhabited on the adherent substrate cannot be established. Moreover, the removal and transfer work of the edible useful seafood initial seedlings of 3 mm or less is substantially difficult and cannot be applied to the edible useful seafood initial seedlings.
In addition, in the supply by application shown in JP-A-11-46696, the vegetative useful early seedlings on the adherent substrate of 3 mm or less are buried or crushed by the applied mixed feed.
Furthermore, in the supply by adhesion shown in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-46696, adhesion work at intervals of several mm is required to uniformly supply the feed to the initial seedlings of the vegetative useful shellfish having low mobility, and the practicality is low. .
Therefore, the invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-46696 can be applied to a vegetative useful kind seedling having a size of several centimeters or more, but the edible useful kind of shellfish having a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm. It cannot be applied to initial seedlings at all, nor is it helpful.

  On the other hand, in the feeding method of the initial seedlings of the edible useful shellfish having a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm, which is the subject of the present invention, the feed is repeatedly attached without removing and moving the edible useful shellfish initial seedlings. An effective supply method is essential. At the same time, the early seedlings of the vegetative useful shellfish are fed so that the food on the surface of the adherent substrate is continuously scraped off by the mouth, so the amount of food consumed by one feeding action is small, The amount of active ingredient in the finished feed is important. For this reason, the compounded feed must contain a digestible and absorbable component at a high density.

JP-A-11-46696

Therefore, the compound feed for the early seedlings of edible useful shellfish with a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm is
(1) The main component is a digestible and absorbable feed component. (2) It is required to be composed of components of a size that can be easily fed by the mouth of the initial seedling.
In addition, to feed the compound feed,
(3) The digestible and absorbable components are contained in a high density (4) The early seedlings with low mobility are capable of being fed easily without being buried or overwhelmed (5) Spontaneous feed or initial It is required that the feed can be repeatedly supplied to the surface of the adherent substrate without removing and moving the seedlings.
By solving these problems, the present invention has developed a mixed feed and feeding method for vegetative useful early seedlings. As a result of a comparative test with a conventional breeding method using a naturally occurring feed, the inventor has found the effectiveness of the invented mixed feed and feeding method.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the dietary feed for early seedling seeds for shells having a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm according to the first aspect of the present invention is the initial feed for shellfishes having a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm. We found for the first time that the digestive mechanism of seedlings and the cell structure involved in digestion and absorption are similar to bivalve larvae, and the initial seedlings are not yet developed at a high density of 100 million cells / ml or more and less than 250 million cells / ml effective for bivalve larvae The main component is floating phytoplankton with a size of around 10μm, which is easily decomposed and absorbed in the digestive tract even during the period of the digestive cecum , and the initial seedlings of edible useful shellfish with a shell length of 0.5mm to 3mm are used. It consists of means composed of ingredients of a size that can be easily fed by a bowl.
The inventors observed the digestive system of bivalve floating larvae using a technique such as electron microscope observation, and planktonic phytoplankton used for breeding bivalve floating larvae was found in the gastrointestinal tract even in early larvae where the digestive blind pouch was not developed. (Fig. 2).
In addition, we found for the first time that the digestive cecum was still underdeveloped in the early seedlings of vegetative useful varieties, similar to the bivalve floating larvae, and that the feed needs to be easily decomposed and absorbed in the digestive tract (Fig. 1).
In both cases, there has been no comparison of these morphological characteristics, and this new finding has led to the use of floating phytoplankton as the main component rather than seaweed used as the main ingredient in conventional formula feed Invented means.
In addition, the bivalve floating larvae are smaller (0.06 mm to 0.3 mm) than the early seedlings of dietary useful varieties, so the mouthpiece is small, and the size of the floating phytoplankton used is around 10 μm. This fits the feed size (10-30 μm) that can be fed by the early seedlings of vegetative useful varieties.

In addition , the initial seedlings of shellable useful shellfish with a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm are fed so that the food on the surface of the adherent substrate is scraped continuously by the mouth, so the density of the active ingredients in the fed food is low. It affects the quality of the feed.
By the way, floating phytoplankton is cultivated using light power three-dimensionally unlike adherent phytoplankton whose production is proportional to the area where light power can be used, so it is efficient (5 to 50 million cells / ml, attached) Production 5 to 50 times that of natural phytoplankton). By concentrating this by centrifugation or freeze-drying (400 million cells / ml or more), it becomes possible to contain the main component, floating phytoplankton, at a high density. A sufficient amount of the main component can be included in the amount of food consumed in one feeding.
In addition, when feeding this dietary feed for useful cultivated early seedlings, floating phytoplankton does not adhere to the substrate. Can not. For this reason, in feeding, it is necessary to enclose the feed components on an adhering substrate inhabited by seedlings and seedlings by enclosing them in an additive (slightly water-soluble paste such as agar, gelatin, gelled hydrocarbon).
Therefore, the feed for the vegetative useful early-season seedlings fed according to the present invention mixes the concentrated main component and the powdered subordinate component with the additive, so that the main component has a high concentration of 100 million cells / ml or more. It can be encapsulated at a density of less than 250 million cells (Figure 3). This is comparable to 1000 to 2500 times the amount of adherent phytoplankton of the same size. It was realized for the first time by making the phytoplankton floating instead of sticking.

  Therefore, the compounded feed according to the present invention is artificially formulated as a subordinate ingredient containing auxiliary protein containing animal protein not contained in phytoplankton, which is a main component, or floating phytoplankton, and is fed The term refers to a feed for early seedlings of vegetative useful varieties in which floating phytoplankton, which is the main component in the additive, is contained in a high density and fixed on the adherent substrate.

In addition , as a preferred embodiment of the dietary feed for early seedlings with a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm according to claim 1, for the purpose of supplementing nutrition, an auxiliary material containing animal protein is used as a subordinate ingredient. It is desirable that the initial seedlings of the planting useful shellfish are composed of components that can be easily fed by the mouth organs.
Animal foods that are not included in the main ingredients are low in the digestive ability of animal proteins because the vegetable feed is a staple food. As long as it is included, a small amount can be digested even by an early seedling and seedling of vegetative useful low-digestibility, and it is effective as an auxiliary nutrient component.
In addition, as mentioned above, the bivalve floating larvae are small (0.06mm to 0.3mm) compared to the early seedlings of carnivorous useful varieties, so the mouthpiece is also small, and the size of the auxiliary used is crushed to around 10μm It becomes possible to feed. This fits the feed size (10-30 μm) that can be fed by the early seedlings of vegetative useful varieties.

In order to solve the above problems, the feeding method of the mixed feed for shellfish useful useful early seedlings having a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm according to claim 2 is the same as that of claim 1 with a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm. Easily planted useful seedlings with a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm with low migration ability without being buried or overwhelmed on the surface of the breeding substrate where the seedlings inhabit the seedlings. It is a small lump having a diameter of 1 to 2 mm and capable of feeding the blended feed, and is supplied by spraying in a mist form at a short distance of 5 to 10 mm .
According to the feeding method of claim 2 , by spraying in the form of a mist, a large number of feeds are attached on the substrate as small lumps having a diameter of several mm or less, for example, about 1-2 mm, at a short distance of several mm, for example, about 5-10 mm. (FIG. 4). As a result, it is possible to improve the encounter rate with the mixed feed without burying and dying the initial seedlings that inhabit the spray surface. Moreover, as a result, the burying of the naturally occurring feed is limited, and it is possible to coexist on the breeding substrate, so there is no need for removal and continuous feeding is possible.

  According to the present invention provided with means for solving the above-mentioned problems, a vegetation having a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm can be obtained by using the mixed feed for useful seeds for early seedlings and a method for feeding the mixed feed. Efficiently orally ingestible and absorbable food for the early seedlings of sexually useful varieties, eliminating frequent food shortages and mass depletion and growth stagnation due to poor food quality, realizing good high-density breeding can do.

(1) shows an optical microscope image of an abalone initial seedling with a shell length of 0.5 mm, the dotted-line ellipse in the image shows the stomach, and the scale of the horizontal bold line on the lower right side in the image shows 50 μm. (2) shows an optical microscope image of an undeveloped digestive sac compared to the stomach of an abalone initial seedling with a shell length of 0.5 mm in Fig. 1 (1). The arrows in the image indicate functional cells remaining in a few digestive cecum, and the scale of the horizontal thick line on the lower right side in the image indicates 50 μm. (3) shows an optical microscope image of the digestive organ of an abalone seedling with a shell length of 4 mm in which the digestive sac develops, and the scale of the horizontal thick line on the lower right side in the image indicates 200 μm. (1) shows an electron microscopic image of phytoplankton fed by bivalve floating larvae and digested and absorbed in the gastric cavity. The arrow in the image indicates phytoplankton, and the scale of the horizontal thick line on the lower right side of the image Indicates 2 μm. (2) shows an electron microscopic image of the phytoplankton of the feed, and the scale of the horizontal thick line on the lower right side in the image indicates 2 μm. The optical microscopic image of many floating phytoplankton enclosed in the additive of the compounded feed fed of this invention is shown, and the arrow in an image shows floating phytoplankton. The scale of the horizontal thick line on the lower right side in the image indicates 50 μm. A partial enlarged view of the blended feed of the present invention sprayed on and adhered to the adherent substrate is shown, and dotted points in the figure indicate small chunks of each blended feed attached.

Hereinafter, modes for carrying out the present invention will be described. The dietary feed for early seedlings of vegetative useful foods of the present invention is prepared by mixing floating phytoplanktons used for raising bivalve floating larvae such as Chaetoceros calcitrans and Chaetoceros gracillis, which are concentrated in high density, together with auxiliary materials. create. The content of the feed component relative to the additive is desirably about 50%, which is as high as possible within a range where the effect of the additive / adhesive is not lost. The ratio of the main component to the subordinate component may be 100 to 80% of the main component and 20 to 0% of the subordinate component in terms of the volume ratio of the active ingredient.
The prepared feed for vegetative useful seeds for early seedlings should be scattered as small lumps on the surface of the breeding substrate on which the seedlings have settled while maintaining the temperature at which the additive remains liquid. Spray to adhere. The adhering food is immediately cooled and solidified to adhere and fix to the rearing substrate surface. Also, by spraying in a mist form, a large number of small lumps having a diameter of about 1 to 2 mm are attached on the substrate at a short distance of about 5 to 7 mm. Additional feeding of food is performed at any time according to feeding conditions.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and is not limited to the following vegetative useful foods (abalones (black abalone, mega abalone, madaka abalone, In seed production of early seedlings (shell length 0.5mm to 3mm) of South African Hariotis sp. Is also effective.

  An example of breeding using the early seedling seedlings of Megan abalone is shown. Two groups of Mega-Abalone seedlings (age 17) with an average shell length of 488.7μm (approximately 0.49mm) and 520.0μm (approximately 0.52mm) as a main component, floating phytoplankton (scientific name Chaetoceros gracillis, Tazaki Pearl) And a supplementary feed containing animal protein, a dietary feed for vegetative useful shellfish seeds and seedlings made using Nihon Nosan Kogyo Co., Ltd. product name NOSAN SHELLFISH MICRON M1) The experiment was conducted.

The main ingredient Chaetoceros gracillis has a density of 1.25 to 250 million cells / ml in the feed (40% volume content in the feed, 80% active ingredient ratio), and the bivalve particulate feed is 25 to 50 μg in dry weight (in the feed) It was mixed with an additive (1% agar aqueous solution, 50% content volume ratio in feed) so that the content volume ratio was 10% and the active ingredient ratio was 20%. The additive was prepared by adding powdered agar to tap water and heating to around 80 ° C. to dissolve. The prepared additive was mixed and prepared by cooling to 60 ° C to suppress heat denaturation of the protein. Spraying 0.52 ml per 100 cm ² (10 cm × 10 cm) of the breeding substrate while keeping the agar aqueous solution at about 50 ° C. while maintaining the liquid state, the compounded feed is a small lump of 1-2 mm on the substrate at intervals of 5-7 mm I was fed so as to attach many. Compound feed was added every week, and as a control, a group fed with naturally occurring feed was used. Two comparative experiments were conducted. Survival rate at the start (day 17) and end (day 87, average shell length approx. 2 mm), average shell length, rearing density and biomass per 1 cm ^{2 of} rearing substrate (bringing density) And the product of the average shell length). The results are shown in Table 1.

The survival rate at the end of the experiment was 10% in Experiment 1 and 16% in Experiment 2, whereas it was 24% in Experiment 1 and 41% in Experiment 2. The breeding density was 0.15 individuals / cm ² in experiment 1 and 0.19 individuals / cm ² in experiment 2 in the control group, whereas 0.34 / cm ² in experiment 1 and 0.67 individuals / cm ² in experiment 2. The survival rate and breeding density were 2-3 times higher in the cm ² and experimental plots. The average shell length was slightly larger in the experimental group in both groups. In addition, the biomass obtained by multiplying the average shell length and the number of individuals was about 2 to 3 times that of the control group in the experimental group in both cases. In the experimental group and the control group, there was a decrease in the number of feed types with high feed value due to the transition of the natural feed on the substrate.
Based on the above results, by using the mixed feed for early seedlings of the vegetative useful shellfish of the present invention, elimination of the initial seedling depletion and growth stagnation due to the quantitative shortage of feed often occurring in seedling production or the deterioration of the quality of the feed It was shown that it is effective in realizing high density breeding.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention enables stable production and improvement of production efficiency of initial seedlings in feeds for useful seedlings of useful vegetation, which is industrially useful, and has a high contribution in the aquaculture field (aquaculture and cultivated fisheries) in the fishery industry .

Claims (2)

For the first time, it was found that the digestive mechanism and the cell structure involved in digestion and absorption of early seedlings of shellfish 0.5 to 3 mm are useful for bivalve larvae. More than 100 million cells / ml effective for bivalve larvae 2.5 The main component is floating phytoplankton with a size of around 10μm, which is easily decomposed and absorbed in the digestive tract even in the period of digestive cecum where the initial seedlings are underdeveloped at a high density of less than 100 million cells / ml , and the shell length is 0.5 The initial seedlings of edible useful varieties with a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm, characterized in that the initial seedlings of edible useful varieties of mm to 3 mm are composed of components that can be easily fed by mouth Formula feed. The dietary feed for early seedlings with a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm of claim 1 is used on the surface of the breeding substrate on which the initial seedlings adhere, and the feeding ability with a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm is low. characterized in that Kairui initial seedlings in short distance and 5 to 10 mm intervals nodules buried or can food easily formulated diet without pressure dead diameter 1 to 2 mm, supplied by spraying a mist Feeding method of mixed feed for early seedlings of carp -type useful varieties having a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm .