JP2010213602A - Mixed feed for initial seedling of useful herbivorous shellfish, and method for feeding the same - Google Patents
Mixed feed for initial seedling of useful herbivorous shellfish, and method for feeding the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は食植性有用介類(アワビ類(クロアワビ、メガイアワビ、マダカアワビ、エゾアワビ、トコブシ、およびオーストラリア、南アフリカ産のHariotis属アワビ類)サザエ類(サザエ、ヤコウガイ)、ナマコ類(マナマコ)、ウニ類(アカウニ、ムラサキウニ、キタムラサキウニ、エゾバフンウニ))の初期種苗(殻長0.5mm〜3mm)の飼育においてしばしば発生する餌料不足および餌料価値の低下による大量減耗・成長停滞を解消し高密度飼育に効果を示す食植性有用介類初期種苗用配合餌料およびその配合餌料の給餌方法に関する。 The present invention relates to vegetative useful foods (abalones (black abalone, mega abalone, madaka abalone, ebony abalone, tocobushi, and Australia, South Africa's Hariotis genus abalone) (Akauni, Murasaki sea urchin, Kitamura sea urchin, Ezobafununi sea urchin) The present invention relates to a mixed feed for an early seedling and seedling of useful vegetation and a feeding method of the mixed feed.
食植性有用介類の初期種苗(殻長0.5mm〜3mm)は基質表面に付着して生息し周辺の付着性の植物プランクトン類を主食するが、消化器系が未発達であるため餌料の質および量が成長・生残を左右する。また、1mm以下の種苗では口器の大きさから摂餌可能な餌料サイズに制限があり(10〜30μm)このことも成長・生残を左右する。
通常の種苗生産工程では自然発生する付着性の植物プランクトン類を餌料として栽培して飼育するが、これら付着性の植物プランクトン類の餌料は植生遷移の影響を受けるため、優良な餌料となる種類およびその生産量は経時的に変動する。
さらに、付着性の植物プランクトン類からなる餌料の生産量は付着基質の面積によって決定される。つまり餌料となる付着性の植物プランクトン類は高密度化することができない。
これらの理由により食植性有用介類の初期種苗の飼育では、付着性の植物プランクトン類からなる餌料の質の低下や量的不足を解決する有効な方法がなく、餌料不足および餌料価値の低下による大量減耗や生産効率の低下が発生する。
The early seedlings (shell length 0.5 mm to 3 mm) of the habitats that feed on the habitat adhere to the substrate surface and inhabit the adhering phytoplankton, but the dietary system is underdeveloped because the digestive system is underdeveloped. Quality and quantity influence growth and survival. In addition, for seedlings of 1 mm or less, there is a limit to the size of food that can be fed due to the size of the mouthpiece (10-30 μm), which also affects growth and survival.
In the normal seedling production process, naturally occurring adherent phytoplanktons are cultivated and bred as feed, but these adherent phytoplankton feeds are affected by vegetation transition, so the types and Its production varies over time.
Furthermore, the amount of feed produced from adherent phytoplanktons is determined by the area of the adherent substrate. In other words, adherent phytoplanktons that serve as food cannot be densified.
For these reasons, there is no effective method for solving the deterioration of feed quality and quantity shortage of adherent phytoplanktons in the breeding of early seedlings of useful vegetative shellfish. This causes a large amount of wear and a decrease in production efficiency.
天然において主たる餌料である付着性の植物プランクトン類を大量培養して供給する方法は、付着性植物プランクトンの生産量が光力を利用できる面積に比例するため、十分量の餌料を培養するには膨大な施設面積を必要とすることから実用性に乏しい。このため解決を目的として特開平11−46696に示される配合餌料の組成および使用方法が考案されたが、主成分は成体の主食である海藻類である。 The method of supplying a large amount of adherent phytoplankton, which is the main feed in nature, is a method for culturing a sufficient amount of feed because the amount of adherent phytoplankton produced is proportional to the area where light power can be used. It is not practical because it requires a huge facility area. For this reason, for the purpose of solving the problem, the composition and method of use of the mixed feed shown in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-46696 have been devised, but the main component is seaweed which is an adult staple food.
ところで、本願の発明者らは、食植性有用介類の初期種苗は消化器官消化機構および消化吸収に関与する細胞構造が二枚貝幼生に類似して未発達であることを、組織学方法によって初めて見出した。
すなわち、発明者らが初めて見出したところによると、食植性有用介類の初期種苗(殻長0.5mm〜3mm)では、成体の主たる消化吸収器官である消化盲嚢が未発達であるため、同器官の機能細胞による飲食胞作用および消化酵素の分泌が十分に期待できないことが明らかとなった(図1)。
By the way, the inventors of the present application have shown for the first time by histological methods that the early seedlings of carnivorous useful varieties are undeveloped, similar to bivalve larvae, in the digestive organ digestion mechanism and digestive absorption. I found it.
That is, according to what the inventors have found for the first time, in the early seedlings (shell length 0.5 mm to 3 mm) of the vegetative useful shellfish, because the digestive blind pouch, which is the main digestive absorption organ of adults, is undeveloped, It was clarified that the phagocytic action and the secretion of digestive enzymes by functional cells of the organ cannot be sufficiently expected (FIG. 1).
このため、食植性有用介類の初期種苗では、消化・吸収力が脆弱で、特開平11−46696の主成分である海藻を主な構成とするものを餌料として利用できない。従って特開平11−46696に示される海藻粉を主成分とする配合餌料では初期種苗(殻長0.5mm〜3mm)への餌料効果は期待できないことが明らかとなった。
また動物性蛋白質は補助的な栄養成分としては有効であるが、食植性有用介類はもともと植物性の餌料が主食であるため動物性蛋白質の消化能力が低く、特に消化盲嚢が未発達で消化・吸収力が脆弱な食植性有用介類の初期種苗においては、動物性蛋白質を餌料の主成分として使用することはできない。即ち、食植性有用介類の初期種苗の餌料として、特開平11−46696に示される魚粉等を餌料の主成分とする添加では、餌料効果の代替が全く期待できないことも明らかとなった。
For this reason, in the early seedlings of edible useful varieties, digestion and absorbability are fragile, and those mainly composed of seaweed which is the main component of JP-A-11-46696 cannot be used as feed. Therefore, it became clear that the feed effect on the initial seedlings (shell length 0.5 mm to 3 mm) cannot be expected with the mixed feed mainly composed of seaweed powder disclosed in JP-A-11-46696.
Animal protein is effective as an auxiliary nutritional component, but vegetative useful foods are originally plant-based foods, so the digestive ability of animal proteins is low, especially the digestive cecum is not yet developed However, animal protein cannot be used as the main ingredient of feed in early seedlings of useful edible plants that are weak in digestion and absorption. That is, it has also been clarified that the addition of fish meal or the like as disclosed in JP-A-11-46696 as a main ingredient of the feed as a feed for early seedlings of carp-type useful varieties cannot be expected to replace the feed effect at all.
殻長0.5mm〜3mmの食植性有用介類の初期種苗に対する餌料の供給方法についても、特開平11−46696に示される餌料の加熱または乾燥させる方法での供給は、付着基質上の3mm以下の食植性有用介類初期種苗をあらかじめ除去する必要があり、付着基質上に生息させたままでの給餌は成立しない。しかも、3mm以下の食植性有用介類初期種苗の除去移動作業は実質的に困難であり、食植性有用介類初期種苗には適用できない。
また特開平11−46696に示される塗布による供給では、3mm以下の付着基質上の食植性有用介類初期種苗は塗布した配合餌料によって埋没死あるいは圧死が発生する。
さらに特開平11−46696に示される接着による供給では、移動能力の低い食植性有用介類の初期種苗に均一に餌料を供給するために数mm間隔の接着作業が必要であり実用性が低い。
従って、特開平11−46696に示される発明は、数cm以上の大きさとなった食植性有用介類種苗については適用可能であるが、殻長0.5mm〜3mmの食植性有用介類の初期種苗には全く適用できないし、参考にもならない。
Regarding the method of supplying the feed to the initial seedlings of the edible useful shellfish having a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm, the supply by the method of heating or drying the feed described in JP-A-11-46696 is 3 mm or less on the adherent substrate. It is necessary to remove the early seedlings of euphoretic and useful varieties in advance, and feeding without being inhabited on the adherent substrate cannot be established. Moreover, the removal and transfer work of the edible useful seafood initial seedlings of 3 mm or less is substantially difficult and cannot be applied to the edible useful seafood initial seedlings.
In addition, in the supply by application shown in JP-A-11-46696, the vegetative useful early seedlings on the adherent substrate of 3 mm or less are buried or crushed by the applied mixed feed.
Furthermore, in the supply by adhesion shown in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-46696, adhesion work at intervals of several mm is required to uniformly supply the feed to the initial seedlings of the vegetative useful shellfish having low mobility, and the practicality is low. .
Therefore, the invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-46696 is applicable to a vegetative useful seedling and seedling having a size of several centimeters or more. It cannot be applied to initial seedlings at all, nor is it helpful.
一方、本願発明が対象とする殻長0.5mm〜3mmの食植性有用介類の初期種苗の給餌方法では、食植性有用介類初期種苗を除去・移動させることなく繰り返し餌料を付着基質表面に供給する有効な供給方法が不可欠である。併せて食植性有用介類の初期種苗は口器によって付着基質表面の餌料を連続して削り取るように摂餌するため1回の摂餌行動によって摂取される餌料の量がわずかで、摂餌した餌料中の有効成分の量が重要となる。このため配合餌料には消化吸収可能な成分が高密度で含まれる必要がある。 On the other hand, in the feeding method of the initial seedlings of the edible useful shellfish having a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm, which is the subject of the present invention, the feed is repeatedly attached without removing and moving the edible useful shellfish initial seedlings. An effective supply method is essential. At the same time, the early seedlings of the vegetative useful shellfish are fed so that the food on the surface of the adherent substrate is continuously scraped off by the mouth, so the amount of food consumed by one feeding action is small, The amount of active ingredient in the finished feed is important. For this reason, the compounded feed must contain a digestible and absorbable component at a high density.
従って、殻長0.5mm〜3mmの食植性有用介類の初期種苗に対する配合餌料には、
(1)消化吸収可能な餌料成分を主成分とすること
(2)初期種苗の口器によって容易に摂餌できる大きさの成分で構成されること
が求められる。
また、その配合餌料を給餌させるには、
(3)消化吸収可能な成分が高密度で含まれること
(4)移動能力の低い初期種苗が埋没死あるいは圧死せず容易に摂餌できる給餌が可能であること
(5)自然発生餌料や初期種苗を除去・移動させることなく繰り返し餌料を付着基質表面に供給することが可能であること
が求められる。
本発明はこれらの課題を解決することによって、食植性有用介類初期種苗用配合餌料および給餌方法を開発したものである。発明者は従来の自然発生餌料を用いた飼育方法との比較試験を行った結果、発明した配合餌料および給餌方法の有効性を見出すに至った。
Therefore, the compound feed for the early seedlings of edible useful shellfish with a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm is
(1) The main component is a digestible and absorbable feed component. (2) It is required to be composed of components of a size that can be easily fed by the mouth of the initial seedling.
In addition, to feed the compound feed,
(3) The digestible and absorbable components are contained in a high density (4) The early seedlings with low mobility are capable of being fed easily without being buried or overwhelmed (5) Spontaneous feed or initial It is required that the feed can be repeatedly supplied to the surface of the adherent substrate without removing and moving the seedlings.
By solving these problems, the present invention has developed a mixed feed and feeding method for vegetative useful early seedlings. As a result of a comparative test with a conventional breeding method using a naturally occurring feed, the inventor has found the effectiveness of the invented mixed feed and feeding method.
以上の課題を解決するために、請求項1の発明の食植性有用介類初期種苗用配合餌料は、食植性有用介類の初期種苗の消化機構および消化吸収に関与する細胞構造が二枚貝幼生と類似することを初めて見出し、二枚貝幼生に有効な浮遊性植物プランクトンを主たる成分とし、食植性有用介類の初期種苗が口器によって容易に摂餌できる大きさの成分で構成される手段からなる。
発明者らは電子顕微鏡観察などの手法を用いて二枚貝浮遊幼生の消化器系を観察し、二枚貝浮遊幼生の飼育に用いられる浮遊性植物プランクトンが、消化盲嚢が未発達な初期幼生でも消化管内で容易に分解・吸収されることを確認した(図2)。
さらに食植性有用介類初期種苗においても二枚貝浮遊幼生と同様に消化盲嚢が未発達な時期があり、餌料は消化管内で容易に分解・吸収される必要があることを初めて見出した(図1)。
両者について、これらの形態的特徴の比較はこれまでに報告がなく、この新知見を得たことにより、従来の配合餌料で主成分として用いられる海藻ではなく、浮遊性植物プランクトンを主たる成分として用いる手段を発明した。
また、二枚貝浮遊幼生は食植性有用介類初期種苗に比較すると小型(0.06mm〜0.3mm)であるため口器も小さく、用いる浮遊性植物プランクトンの大きさは10μm前後である。これは食植性有用介類初期種苗の摂餌可能な餌料サイズ(10〜30μm)に適合する。
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the dietary feed for early seedlings of edible useful food according to the invention of claim 1 has a bivalve cell structure involved in the digestive mechanism and digestion and absorption of the initial seeded seedling of edible useful foods. A means that consists of floating phytoplankton, which is effective for bivalve larvae, as the main ingredient, and is composed of ingredients that can be fed easily by the mouth organs of the early seedlings of carnivorous useful varieties. Consists of.
The inventors observed the digestive system of bivalve floating larvae using a technique such as electron microscope observation, and planktonic phytoplankton used for breeding bivalve floating larvae was found in the gastrointestinal tract even in early larvae where the digestive blind pouch was not developed. (Fig. 2).
In addition, we found for the first time that the digestive cecum was still underdeveloped in the early seedlings of vegetative useful varieties, similar to the bivalve floating larvae, and that the feed needs to be easily decomposed and absorbed in the digestive tract (Fig. 1).
In both cases, there has been no comparison of these morphological characteristics, and this new finding has led to the use of floating phytoplankton as the main component rather than seaweed used as the main ingredient in conventional formula feed Invented means.
In addition, the bivalve floating larvae are smaller (0.06 mm to 0.3 mm) than the early seedlings of dietary useful varieties, so the mouthpiece is small, and the size of the floating phytoplankton used is around 10 μm. This fits the feed size (10-30 μm) that can be fed by the early seedlings of vegetative useful varieties.
また、以上の課題を解決するために、請求項2の発明の食植性有用介類初期種苗用配合餌料は、前記の請求項1の手段に加えて、主たる成分である浮遊性植物プランクトンを高密度に含有する手段からなる。
食植性有用介類の初期種苗は口器によって付着基質表面の餌料を連続して削り取るように摂餌するため、摂餌した餌料中の有効成分の密度が餌料の質を左右する。
ところで、浮遊性植物プランクトンは生産量が光力を利用できる面積に比例する付着性植物プランクトンと異なり立体的に光力を利用して培養するため、効率的(500〜5000万細胞/ml、付着性植物プランクトンの5〜50倍)な生産が可能である。これを遠心分離あるいはフリーズドライによって濃縮(4億細胞/ml以上)することで、主たる成分である浮遊性植物プランクトンを高密度に含有させることが可能となり、食植性有用介類の初期種苗が1回の摂餌で摂取する餌料量中に十分量の主成分を含むことができる。
また、この食植性有用介類初期種苗用配合餌料を給餌する場合には、浮遊性植物プランクトンは基質に対する付着性がないため、濃縮を行うだけでは食植性有用介類初期種苗は摂餌できない。このため給餌においては餌料成分を添着剤(寒天、ゼラチン、ゲル化炭化水素等の難水溶性糊剤)に封入し種苗の生息する付着基質上に添着固定する必要がある。
そこで、本発明の給餌される食植性有用介類初期種苗用餌料は、濃縮した主成分および粉末の従成分を添着剤に混入するため、主成分を高濃度となる1億細胞/ml以上2.5億細胞未満の密度で封入できる(図3)。これは同サイズの付着性植物プランクトンを1000〜2500倍量積層した量に匹敵する。植物プランクトンとして付着性のものに代えて浮遊性のものにしたことで初めて実現したのである。
Moreover, in order to solve the above-mentioned subject, in addition to the means of the said claim 1, the mixed feed for the vegetative useful shellfish initial seedling seedling of the invention of claim 2 contains the floating phytoplankton which is the main component. It consists of means containing at high density.
Since the early seedlings of the vegetative useful shellfish are fed so that the food on the surface of the adherent substrate is continuously scraped off by the mouth, the density of the active ingredient in the fed food affects the quality of the food.
By the way, the floating phytoplankton is cultivated using light power in three dimensions, unlike the adherent phytoplankton whose production is proportional to the area where light power can be used. Production 5 to 50 times that of natural phytoplankton). By concentrating this by centrifugation or freeze-drying (400 million cells / ml or more), it becomes possible to contain the main component, floating phytoplankton, at a high density. A sufficient amount of the main component can be included in the amount of food consumed in one feeding.
In addition, when feeding this dietary feed for useful cultivated early seedlings, floating phytoplankton does not adhere to the substrate. Can not. For this reason, in feeding, it is necessary to enclose the feed components on an adhering substrate inhabited by seedlings and seedlings by enclosing them in an additive (slightly water-soluble paste such as agar, gelatin, gelled hydrocarbon).
Therefore, the feed for the vegetative useful early-season seedlings fed according to the present invention mixes the concentrated main component and the powdered subordinate component with the additive, so that the main component has a high concentration of 100 million cells / ml or more. It can be encapsulated at a density of less than 250 million cells (Figure 3). This is comparable to 1000 to 2500 times the amount of adherent phytoplankton of the same size. It was realized for the first time by making the phytoplankton floating instead of sticking.
従って本発明による配合餌料は、主たる成分である浮遊性植物プランクトン、或いは必要に応じて植物プランクトンに含有されない動物性蛋白質を含む補助材料を従たる成分として人工的に配合し、また、給餌する場合には、添着剤中に主たる成分である浮遊性植物プランクトンを高密度に含有させて付着基質上に添着固定する食植性有用介類初期種苗用の餌料をいう。 Therefore, the compounded feed according to the present invention is artificially formulated as a subordinate ingredient containing auxiliary protein containing animal protein not contained in phytoplankton, which is a main component, or floating phytoplankton, and is fed The term refers to a feed for early seedlings of vegetative useful varieties in which floating phytoplankton, which is the main component in the additive, is contained in a high density and fixed on the adherent substrate.
また、請求項1〜請求項2の食植性有用介類初期種苗用配合餌料の好ましい態様としては、栄養補完を目的として、動物性蛋白質を含む補助材料を従たる成分とし、食植性有用介類の初期種苗が口器によって容易に摂餌できる大きさの成分で構成されるのがよい。
食植性有用介類はもともと植物性の餌料が主食であるため動物性蛋白質の消化能力は低いが、主たる成分には含まれない動物性蛋白質は従たる成分(体積比率で20%以下)に含まれる範囲では、消化能力が低い食植性有用介類初期種苗でも少量は消化可能で、補助的な栄養成分として有効である。
また、前記したように、二枚貝浮遊幼生は食植性有用介類初期種苗に比較すると小型(0.06mm〜0.3mm)であるため口器も小さく、用いる補助剤の大きさは10μm前後に粉砕することで摂餌可能となる。これは食植性有用介類初期種苗の摂餌可能な餌料サイズ(10〜30μm)に適合する。
In addition, as a preferred embodiment of the dietary feed for the early seedling seedlings useful for vegetative use according to claims 1 to 2, for the purpose of nutritional supplementation, the supplementary material containing animal protein is used as a component and the edible usefulness It is preferable that the initial seedlings of the shellfish are composed of components that can be easily fed by the mouthpiece.
Animal foods that are not included in the main ingredients are low in the digestive ability of animal proteins because the vegetable feed is a staple food. As long as it is included, a small amount can be digested even by an early seedling and seedling of vegetative useful low-digestibility, and it is effective as an auxiliary nutrient component.
In addition, as mentioned above, the bivalve floating larvae are small (0.06mm to 0.3mm) compared to the early seedlings of carnivorous useful varieties, so the mouthpiece is also small, and the size of the auxiliary used is crushed to around 10μm It becomes possible to feed. This fits the feed size (10-30 μm) that can be fed by the early seedlings of vegetative useful varieties.
また、以上の課題を解決するために、請求項5の食植性有用介類初期種苗用配合餌料の給餌方法は、請求項2の食植性有用介類初期種苗用配合餌料を、初期種苗が付着生息する飼育基質表面に、移動能力の低い初期種苗が埋没死あるいは圧死せず容易に配合餌料を摂餌できる直径数mm以下の小塊で且つ数mm間隔の近距離で、霧状に噴霧して供給する手段からなり、請求項6の食植性有用介類初期種苗用配合餌料の給餌方法は、請求項4の食植性有用介類初期種苗用配合餌料を,初期種苗が付着生息する飼育基質表面に、移動能力の低い初期種苗が埋没死あるいは圧死せず容易に配合餌料を摂餌できる直径数mm以下の小塊で且つ数mm間隔の近距離で、霧状に噴霧して供給する手段からなる。
請求項5及び請求項6の給餌方法では、霧状に噴霧供給することで、餌料は直径数mm以下例えば1〜2mm前後の小塊として基質上に数mm間隔例えば5〜10mm前後の近距離で多数添着する(図4)。この結果噴霧面に付着生息する初期種苗が埋没死することなく配合餌料への遭遇率を向上できる。また、この結果自然発生餌料の埋没は限定され、飼育基質上で共存することが可能となるため除去の必要はなく継続して繰り返し給餌することが可能である。
Moreover, in order to solve the above-mentioned subject, the feeding method of the mixed feed for the vegetative useful varieties initial seeds and seeds of claim 5 is the same as the feeding method for the edible eucalyptus useful seeds of early seeds and seeds of claim 2 as the initial seeds and seeds. On the surface of the breeding substrate where the animal is attached, the initial seedlings with low migration ability are small lumps with a diameter of several mm or less and can be fed easily without being buried or overwhelmed. The method for feeding the mixed feed for the edible useful shellfish initial seedling according to claim 6 comprises the means for supplying by spraying, and the initial seedling adheres to the mixed feed for the edible useful shellfish initial seedling according to claim 4 The seedlings with low migration ability are sprayed in the form of a mist at a short distance of several millimeters in diameter with a small diameter of several mm or less on the surface of the inhabiting breeding substrate. It consists of means to supply.
In the feeding method according to claims 5 and 6, the feed is sprayed in the form of a mist, so that the feed is a small piece having a diameter of several mm or less, for example, about 1-2 mm, and a short distance of several mm on the substrate, for example, about 5-10 mm Attach a large number (Fig. 4). As a result, it is possible to improve the encounter rate with the mixed feed without burying and dying the initial seedlings that inhabit the spray surface. Moreover, as a result, the burying of the naturally occurring feed is limited, and it is possible to coexist on the breeding substrate, so there is no need for removal and continuous feeding is possible.
以上の課題を解決するための手段を備えた本発明によれば、食植性有用介類初期種苗用配合餌料およびその配合餌料の給餌方法を用いることで、殻長0.5mm〜3mmの食植性有用介類初期種苗に対して消化吸収可能な餌料が効率的に経口摂取され、しばしば発生する餌料不足および餌料の質の低下による大量減耗・成長停滞を解消し、良好な高密度飼育を実現することができる。 According to the present invention provided with means for solving the above-mentioned problems, a vegetation having a shell length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm can be obtained by using the mixed feed for useful seeds for early seedlings and a method for feeding the mixed feed. Efficiently orally ingestible and absorbable food for the early seedlings of sexually useful varieties, eliminating frequent food shortages and mass depletion and growth stagnation due to poor food quality, realizing good high-density breeding can do.
以下本発明を実施するための形態を説明する。本発明の食植性有用介類初期種苗用配合餌料は高密度に濃縮したChaetoceros calcitrans ,Chaetoceros gracillis,などの二枚貝浮遊幼生飼育に用いられる浮遊性植物プランクトン類を補助材料とともに添着剤に混合して作成する。添着剤に対する餌料成分の含有率は添着・付着剤の効果が失われない範囲においてできるだけ高率となる50%程度が望ましい。主成分と従たる成分の比は有効成分の体積比で主成分が100〜80%、従たる成分が20〜0%でよい。
作成された食植性有用介類初期種苗用配合餌料は、添着剤が液状を保つ温度に保持しながら種苗が着底している飼育基質面に対して微小な小塊として点在するように噴霧して付着させる。付着した餌料はすみやかに冷却され固化することで飼育基質面に付着・固定される。また、霧状に噴霧供給することで直径1〜2mm前後の小塊として基質上に5〜7mm前後間隔の近距離で多数添着する。餌料の追加給餌は摂餌状況に応じて随時行う。
Hereinafter, modes for carrying out the present invention will be described. The dietary feed for early seedlings of the vegetative useful shellfish of the present invention is prepared by mixing floating phytoplanktons used for raising bivalve floating larvae such as Chaetoceros calcitrans and Chaetoceros gracillis, which are concentrated in high density, together with auxiliary materials. create. The content of the feed component relative to the additive is desirably about 50%, which is as high as possible within a range where the effect of the additive / adhesive is not lost. The ratio of the main component to the subordinate component may be 100 to 80% of the main component and 20 to 0% of the subordinate component in terms of the volume ratio of the active ingredient.
The prepared feed for vegetative useful seeds for early seedlings should be scattered as small lumps on the surface of the breeding substrate on which the seedlings have settled while maintaining the temperature at which the additive remains liquid. Spray to adhere. The adhering food is immediately cooled and solidified to adhere and fix to the rearing substrate surface. Also, by spraying in a mist form, a large number of small lumps having a diameter of about 1 to 2 mm are attached on the substrate at a short distance of about 5 to 7 mm. Additional feeding of food is performed at any time according to feeding conditions.
以下本発明を実施例によりさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明は下記実施例に限定したものではなく食植性有用介類(アワビ類(クロアワビ、メガイアワビ、マダカアワビ、エゾアワビ、トコブシ、およびオーストラリア、南アフリカ産のHariotis属アワビ類)サザエ類(サザエ、ヤコウガイ)、ナマコ類(マナマコ)、ウニ類(アカウニ、ムラサキウニ、キタムラサキウニ、エゾバフンウニ))の初期種苗(殻長0.5mm〜3mm)の種苗生産においても有効である。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and is not limited to the following vegetative useful foods (abalones (black abalone, mega abalone, madaka abalone, ezo abalone, tokobushi, and Australia, In seed production of early seedlings (shell length 0.5mm-3mm) of South African Hariotis sp. Is also effective.
メガイアワビ初期種苗を用いた飼育実施例を示す。平均殻長488.7μm(約0.49mm)と520.0μm(約0.52mm)の2群のメガイアワビ種苗(日齢17)に対して、主成分として浮遊性植物プランクトン(学名 Chaetoceros gracillis、田崎真珠(株)製)および動物性蛋白質を含む補助材料として二枚貝用微粒子餌料(日本農産工業(株)製 商品名 NOSAN SHELLFISH MICRON M1)を用いて作成した食植性有用介類初期種苗用配合餌料を与えて比較実験を行った。 An example of breeding using the early seedling seedlings of Megan abalone is shown. Two groups of Mega-Abalone seedlings (age 17) with an average shell length of 488.7μm (approx. 0.49mm) and 520.0μm (approx. 0.52mm) as a main component, floating phytoplankton (scientific name Chaetoceros gracillis, Tazaki Pearl) And a supplementary feed containing animal protein, a dietary feed for vegetative useful shellfish seeds and seedlings made using Nihon Nosan Kogyo Co., Ltd. product name NOSAN SHELLFISH MICRON M1) The experiment was conducted.
主成分のChaetoceros gracillisは餌料中の密度が1.25〜2.5億細胞/ml(餌料中の含有体積比率40%、有効成分比80%)、二枚貝用微粒子餌料は乾燥重量で25〜50μg(餌料中の含有体積比率10%、有効成分比20%)となるように添着剤(1%寒天水溶液、餌料中の含有体積比率50%)に混合した。添着剤は水道水に粉末寒天を加え80℃前後に加熱して溶解して作成した。作成した添着剤は蛋白質の熱変性を抑えるため60℃に冷却して成分を混合・作成した。これを寒天水溶液が液状を維持する約50℃に保温しながら飼育基質100cm2(10cm×10cm)あたり0.52mlを噴霧して、配合餌料が1〜2mmの小塊として基質上に5〜7mm間隔で多数添着するように給餌した。配合餌料の添加は1週間毎に行い、対照区としては自然発生餌料による飼育群を用いた。比較実験は2回行い、飼育開始(日齢17)と終了(日齢87、平均殻長約2mm)の生残率、平均殻長および飼育基質1cm2あたりの飼育密度および生物量(飼育密度と平均殻長の積)を比較した。結果を表1に示す。 The main ingredient Chaetoceros gracillis has a density of 1.25 to 250 million cells / ml in the feed (40% volume content in the feed, 80% active ingredient ratio), and the bivalve particulate feed is 25 to 50 μg in dry weight (in the feed) It was mixed with an additive (1% agar aqueous solution, 50% content volume ratio in feed) so that the content volume ratio was 10% and the active ingredient ratio was 20%. The additive was prepared by adding powdered agar to tap water and heating to around 80 ° C. to dissolve. The prepared additive was mixed and prepared by cooling to 60 ° C to suppress heat denaturation of the protein. Spraying 0.52 ml per 100 cm 2 (10 cm × 10 cm) of the breeding substrate while keeping the agar aqueous solution at about 50 ° C. while maintaining the liquid state, the compounded feed is a small lump of 1-2 mm on the substrate at intervals of 5-7 mm I was fed so as to attach many. Compound feed was added every week, and as a control, a group fed with naturally occurring feed was used. Two comparative experiments were conducted. Survival rate at the start (day 17) and end (day 87, average shell length approx. 2 mm), average shell length, rearing density and biomass per 1 cm 2 of rearing substrate (bringing density) And the product of the average shell length). The results are shown in Table 1.
実験終了時の生残率は対照区では実験1で10%、実験2で16%であったのに対して実験区では実験1で24%、実験2で41%であった。また、飼育密度は対照区では実験1で0.15個体/cm2,実験2で0.19個体/cm2であったのに対して、実験区では実験1で0.34/cm2、実験2で0.67個体/cm2と実験区が2〜3倍の生残率および飼育密度を示した。平均殻長は両群とも実験区がやや大きかった。また、平均殻長と個体数を乗じて求めた生物量は2回とも実験区が対照区の約2〜3倍を示した。なお実験区、対照区ともに基質上の天然餌料は遷移により餌料価値の高い餌料種類の減少が観察された。
以上の結果から本発明の食植性有用介類初期種苗用配合餌料を用いることにより、種苗生産においてしばしば発生する餌料の量的不足あるいは餌料の質の低下による初期種苗の減耗・成長停滞の解消と高密度飼育の実現に効果があることが示された。
The survival rate at the end of the experiment was 10% in Experiment 1 and 16% in Experiment 2, whereas it was 24% in Experiment 1 and 41% in Experiment 2. The breeding density was 0.15 individuals / cm 2 in experiment 1 and 0.19 individuals / cm 2 in experiment 2 in the control group, whereas 0.34 / cm 2 in experiment 1 and 0.67 individuals / cm 2 in experiment 2. The survival rate and breeding density were 2-3 times higher in the cm 2 and experimental plots. The average shell length was slightly larger in the experimental group in both groups. In addition, the biomass obtained by multiplying the average shell length and the number of individuals was about 2 to 3 times that of the control group in the experimental group in both cases. In the experimental group and the control group, there was a decrease in the number of feed types with high feed value due to the transition of the natural feed on the substrate.
Based on the above results, by using the mixed feed for early seedlings of the vegetative useful shellfish of the present invention, elimination of the initial seedling depletion and growth stagnation due to the quantitative shortage of feed often occurring in seedling production or the deterioration of the quality of the feed It was shown that it is effective in realizing high density breeding.
本発明は産業上有用な食植性有用介類初期種苗用餌料における初期種苗の安定生産と生産効率の向上を可能にし、水産業における増養殖分野(養殖業および栽培漁業)において貢献度が高い。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention enables stable production and improvement of production efficiency of initial seedlings in feeds for useful seedlings of useful vegetation, which is industrially useful, and has a high contribution in the aquaculture field (aquaculture and cultivated fisheries) in the fishery industry .
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