JP5564268B2 - 成長因子と結合する融合タンパク質 - Google Patents
成長因子と結合する融合タンパク質 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5564268B2 JP5564268B2 JP2009551284A JP2009551284A JP5564268B2 JP 5564268 B2 JP5564268 B2 JP 5564268B2 JP 2009551284 A JP2009551284 A JP 2009551284A JP 2009551284 A JP2009551284 A JP 2009551284A JP 5564268 B2 JP5564268 B2 JP 5564268B2
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Classifications
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- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
- C07K14/71—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants for growth factors; for growth regulators
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
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Description
(a)DAAP#1と称される表1に記載のヌクレオチド配列;
(b)DAAP#2と称される表1に記載のヌクレオチド配列;
(c)DAAP#3と称される表1に記載のヌクレオチド配列;
(d)DAAP#4と称される表1に記載のヌクレオチド配列;
(e)DAAP#11と称される表1に記載のヌクレオチド配列;
(f)DAAP#12と称される表1に記載のヌクレオチド配列;
(g)DAAP#13と称される表1に記載のヌクレオチド配列;
(h)DAAP#14と称される表1に記載のヌクレオチド配列;
(i)DAAP#15と称される表1に記載のヌクレオチド配列;
(j)DAAP#16と称される表1に記載のヌクレオチド配列;
(k)DAAP#17と称される表1に記載のヌクレオチド配列;又は
(l)遺伝子コードの縮退の結果、(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)、(e)、(f)、(g)、(h)、(i)、(j)又は(k)のヌクレオチド配列とは異なるが、それから発現されるものと同一のアミノ酸配列をコードするヌクレオチド配列、
をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む、単離核酸分子に関する。
血管新生は、既存の血管からの新規の血管形成として定義され、健康及び疾患における重要なプロセスである。関節リウマチ、脊椎関節症、乾癬、糖尿病性網膜症、アテローム性動脈硬化症等の炎症疾患における血管新生の永続化によって、炎症性細胞の病的領域への侵入が容易に起こり得る。永続的な血管新生に関連するこれらの障害は、「炎症性血管新生」疾患であると考えられる。成長因子、サイトカイン、基質メタロプロテイナーゼ、基質高分子、細胞接着受容体、ケモカイン及びケモカイン受容体を含む幾つかの血管新生媒介因子は、炎症性血管新生に関与している。血管新生の上方調節又は下方調節に関与する炎症組織における調節ネットワークが存在する(Lainer-Carr and Brahn Nature Clinical Practice Rheumatology 3,434-442, 2007)。
同時に結合するのが望ましい任意の成長因子及びサイトカインを作製してもよく、これには、疾患進行に対して同様の効果を有するものが含まれる。本発明に包含される成長因子及びサイトカインとしては、VEGF−A、VEGF−B、VEGF−C、VEGF−D、PlGF、PDGF、アンジオポエチン1、アンジオポエチン2、アンジオポエチン3、アンジオポエチン4、HGF、EGF、FGF、TNF−α、インターロイキン−1β、インターロイキン−6、インターロイキン−12、TGF−β、RANKL等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
本発明を実施する際に、融合ポリペプチドを選択的に作製するための以下の基準を含む、融合ポリペプチドを作製する一方法を使用してもよい。疾患進行に対して同様の効果を有する2つ以上の成長因子に対する様々な受容体の結合領域は連結して、同時に成長因子の二重、三重又は多重の作用を遮断し得る。新規の融合ポリペプチド候補物は、その同時結合の親和性に関してスクリーニングし、成長因子とサイトカインとの任意の組合せの結合のために成長因子及びサイトカインに対する中和活性に関して調べることができる。例えば、VEGF−A及びTNF−α;VEGF−A及びインターロイキン−1β;VEGF−A及びVEGF−C;VEGF−C及びアンジオポエチン;VEGF−C及びTNF−α;TNF−α及びアンジオポエチン;並びにVEGF−C及びHGFである。本発明に従って、任意の成長因子の任意の組合せを作製及び使用することができる。3つ以上の成長因子との三重又は多重結合に組合せを適用してもよく、本明細書中に挙げられる二重遮断に限定されない。
本明細書中に記載のように、本発明の核酸分子を含む発現ベクターも提供され、この核酸分子は、発現制御配列に操作可能に連結される。融合ポリペプチドの発現に好適な宿主細胞に導入されている本発明の発現ベクターを含む融合ポリペプチドの産生のために宿主ベクター系も提供される。好適な宿主細胞は、大腸菌等の細菌細胞、ピキア・パストリス(Pichia pastoris)等の酵母細胞、スポドプテラ・フルギペルダ(Spodopterafrugiperda)等の昆虫細胞、又はCOS若しくはCHO細胞等の哺乳動物細胞であり得る。
特定の実施形態において、遺伝子療法によって、血管漏出を防ぐのに、及び治療的脈管形成のために、キメラAng1ポリペプチドをコードする核酸を投与する。遺伝子療法は、発現した、又は発現可能な核酸を被験体に投与することで実施される療法を表す。本発明のこの実施形態では、核酸は、治療的効果を媒介する核酸によってコードされるタンパク質を産生する。
一実施形態において、本発明は、血管漏出又は血管新生の喪失を特徴とする様々な疾患の治療に関する。このようにして、本発明の治療化合物を、Tie2を活性化する化合物を準備することによって疾患を患うか、又は疾患を患いやすいヒト患者に投与してもよい。
様々な送達系、例えばリポソーム、微粒子、マイクロカプセル、化合物を発現することが可能な組換え細胞中での封入、受容体媒介エンドサイトーシス、レトロウイルス又は他のベクターの一部としての核酸の構築等が知られており、本発明の化合物を投与するのに使用することができる。導入方法としては、皮内、筋肉内、腹腔内、静脈内、皮下、鼻内、硬膜外及び経口の経路が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。任意の都合の良い経路、例えば注入又はボーラス注射、上皮又は皮膚粘膜の内膜(例えば口腔粘膜、直腸及び腸の粘膜等)を介した吸収によって、化合物又は組成物を投与してもよく、他の生物学的に活性がある作用物質と共に投与してもよい。全身に又は局所に投与することができる。さらに、脳室内注射及び髄腔内注射を含む任意の好適な経路によって、本発明の薬学的な化合物又は組成物を中枢神経系に導入するのが望ましく;例えばオマヤ槽等のリザーバと接着する脳室内カテーテルによって、脳室内注射が容易になり得る。例えば、吸入器又はネブライザ、及びエアロゾル化剤との剤形の使用によって肺投与を利用することもできる。
好適な酵素ラベルとしては、例えばオキシダーゼ群由来のものが挙げられ、これは基質と反応することによる過酸化水素の生成を触媒する。良好な安定性を有すると共にその基質(グルコース)が容易に利用可能であるために、グルコースオキシダーゼが特に好ましい。酵素標識抗体/基質反応で形成された過酸化水素の濃度を測定することによって、オキシダーゼラベルの活性を検査してもよい。酵素以外の他の好適なラベルとしては、ヨウ素(1251、1211)、炭素(14C)、硫黄(35S)、トリチウム(3H)、インジウム(112In)、及びテクネチウム(99mTc)等の放射性同位体、フルオレセイン及びローダミン等の蛍光ラベル、並びにビオチンが挙げられる。
実験プロトコル
ヒトTie2のIg様ドメイン1、ヒトTie2のIg様ドメイン2、ヒトTie2の3つのEGF様ドメイン、ヒトVEGFR1のIg様ドメイン及びヒトIgGのFcドメインから成る4つの異なる集合化融合タンパク質(DAAP#1、DAAP#2、DAAP#3及びDAAP#4)をコードする遺伝子構築物(図3A及び図3B)を、pCMV−dhfrベクターにクローン化した(Hwang SJ, et al., Protein Express Purif. 2005;39: 175-183)(図4)。
ELISA解析によって、DAAP#1、DAAP#14、DAAP#16及びDAAP#17がVEGF−A及びAng2と結合することが可能であることが示された(図10)。DAAP#2、DAAP#3、DAAP#4、DAAP#11及びFcは、VEGF−A及びAng2と結合することが不可能であった(図10)。DAAP#12及びVEGF−トラップが、VEGF−Aと優先的且つ選択的に結合することが可能であり、DAAP#13及びTie2−Fcが、VEGF−Aと優先的且つ選択的に結合することが可能であった(図10)。DAAP#1及びDAAP#14とVEGF−A及び/又はAng2との結合能が、VEGF−トラップ又はTie2−Fcの結合能と同程度であったので、DAAP#1及びDAAP#14が治療タンパク質としてさらに発展するための最も強力な候補物であると考えられる。
上記の所見に基づき、治療タンパク質として使用するために、DAAP#1をさらに研究した。これまでに記載の方法(Hwang SJ, et al., Protein Express Purif. 2005;39: 175-183)に従って、DAAP#1(CHO−DAAP#1)を発現する組換えチャイニーズハムスター卵巣(rCHO)細胞を樹立した。要するに、dhfr欠損CHO細胞(CRL−9096、アメリカンタイプカルチャーコレクション、Manassas, Virginia, USA)に、ジヒドロ葉酸還元酵素(dhfr)と、DAAP#1遺伝子構築物とを含有するベクターのトランスフェクションによって、CHO−DAAP#1細胞を樹立した。この後に、dhfr/メトトレキサート(MTX)媒介遺伝子を増幅した。MTX(0.02μM〜1.0μM、Sigma-Aldrich)の濃度を漸増幅しながら、DAAP#1を分泌する安定なrCHO細胞を選択した。組換えDAAP#1タンパク質産生のために、37℃加湿5%CO2インキュベータ内で110rpmでオービタルシェーカー(Vision, Bucheon, Korea)上で培地100mlが入った250ml容のエルレンマイアーフラスコ中でCHO−DAAP#1細胞を2×105細胞/mL接種した。指定日の後、プロテイン−Aセファロースアフィニティクロマトグラフィを用いることによって、DAAP#1組換えタンパク質を含有する培養培地を精製し、酸溶離した後、中和した。精製後、SDS−PAGE及びクマシーブルー染色によって、還元条件及び非還元条件下で、DAAP#1のサイズ及び二量体状態を調べた(図14)。この解析によって、DAAP#1が二量体タンパク質(約150kDa)であることが示される(図14)。
ELISA法を用いて、Fc、DAAP#1、VEGF−トラップ、及びFcタンパク質とVEGF−A及びAng2との結合能を測定した。VEGF−A結合のために、一晩、各ウェル当たり100μlのPBS中のVEGF−A 200ngで96ウェルプレートをコーティングした。それぞれ、プレートをPBS 400μlで3回洗浄した後、37℃で2時間、PBS 100μl中の1%ウシ血清アルブミンで遮断した。3回のPBS洗浄の後、遮断溶液中の各種量(0nM、0.001nM、0.003nM、0.01nM、0.03nM、0.1nM、0.3nM、1nM、3nM)のDAAP#1、Fc、VEGF−トラップ又はTie2−Fcタンパク質を37℃で2時間インキュベートした。3回のPBS洗浄の後、遮断溶液中のホースラディッシュペルオキシダーゼ(HRP)結合ヤギ抗ヒトFc抗体(希釈率1:10000、Sigma-Aldrich A0170)50μlを37℃で2時間インキュベートした。3回のPBS洗浄の後、TMB溶液(Sigma-Aldrich T0440)50μlを各ウェルに加え、プレートを室温で10分間インキュベートした。1MのHCl 50μlを添加することで反応を停止させ、ELISAリーダー(BioRad M680)によって光学密度415nmで反応物の色を解析した。Ang2結合のために、上記と同じようにAng2を96ウェルプレートにコーティングし、また上記と同じように、Fc、DAAP#1、VEGF−トラップ、及びFcタンパク質と、Ang2との結合能を測定した。
DAAP#1がVEGF−A及びAng2の両方に対する結合部位を包含しているため、初めにDAAP#1の部位の1つをAng2又はVEGF−Aのいずれかで占有又は予め占有する場合、その構造変化によって、VEGF−A又はAng2との結合活性が影響を受ける可能性がある。
DAAP#1の結合能をさらに解析するために、幾つかの種類のVEGF及びアンジオポエチンタンパク質の存在下で、プルダウンアッセイによるin vitro結合を実施した(n=3)(図17)。1.0% Nonidet P−40を含有するトリスバッファー溶液(50mMのトリス、100mMのNaCl、pH7.5)500μl中、4℃で2時間、それぞれ200ngのFLAGタグ付与タンパク質(ヒトVEGF−A165、マウスVEGF−A164、ヒトVEGF−A189、ヒトVEGF−A121、ヒトVEGF−C、VEGF−E、ヒトAng2、マウスAng2、ヒトAng1、ヒトAng4、及びマウスAngptl4)を、500ngのDAAP#1、VEGF−トラップ、及びTie2−Fcとインキュベートした。それから、プロテイン−Aアガロースビース(Oncogene)20μlを添加し、4℃でさらに2時間インキュベートした。プロテイン−A結合試料を、1.0% Nonidet P−40を含有するトリスバッファー溶液1mlで3回洗浄した。試料を試料バッファーで溶離し、熱変性させた。10% SDS−PAGEで試料を分離し、ニトロセルロース膜上にエレクトロブロッティングした。0.05%トリトンX−100を含有するトリスバッファー溶液中の5%脱脂乳で膜を遮断し、ホースラディッシュペルオキシダーゼ(HRP)結合マウス抗FLAG M2抗体(希釈率1:10000、Sigma-Aldrich A8592)でウェスタンブロッティングした。化学発光スキャナ(LAS−1000、富士フイルム株式会社、東京)を使用して、製造業者のプロトコル(Amersham Pharmacia Biotech)に従って、化学発光検出によってシグナルを視覚化した。剥離した後、DAAP、VEGF−トラップ、及びTie2−Fcに対して、膜を抗Fcホースラディッシュペルオキシダーゼ(HRP)結合ヤギ抗ヒトFc抗体(希釈率1:10000、Sigma-Aldrich A0170)で再プローブ化した。DAAP#1は、ヒトVEGF−A165、マウスVEGF−A164、ヒトVEGF−A189、ヒトVEGF−A121、ヒトAng2、マウスAng2、ヒトAng1及びヒトAng4と結合可能であり、その一方でVEGF−トラップは、ヒトVEGF−A165、マウスVEGF−A164、ヒトVEGF−A189及びヒトVEGF−A121と結合可能であり、Tie2−Fcは、ヒトAng2、マウスAng2、ヒトAng1及びヒトAng4と結合可能である(図17)。
一般的に、タンパク質のpI値の増大は、細胞外基質(ECM)結合の増大に相関する。またタンパク質のECM結合の増大は、薬物動態特性の低減に相関する。37℃で2時間、ECMコーティング96ウェルプレート(Becton Dickinson、カタログ番号354607)を遮断バッファー(PBS中、1%BSA)でインキュベートし、それぞれPBS 400μlで3回洗浄した。それから、遮断バッファー中の各種量(0ng、0.1ng、0.3ng、1.0ng、3.3ng、10ng、33ng、100ng)のそれぞれのDAAP組換えタンパク質をプレートに加え、37℃で2時間インキュベートした(図19)。プレートをそれぞれPBS 400μlで3回洗浄した後、ホースラディッシュペルオキシダーゼ(HRP)結合ヤギ抗ヒトFc抗体(希釈率1:10000、Sigma-Aldrich A0170)50μlをプレートに加え、37℃で2時間インキュベートした。プレートをそれぞれPBS 400μlで3回洗浄した後、TMB溶液(Sigma-Aldrich T0440)50μlをプレートに加え、プレートを室温で10分間インキュベートした。1MのHCl 50μlを加えることで反応を停止させ、ELISAリーダー(BioRad M680)によって光学密度415nmで反応物の色を解析した(図19)。
標準的な薬物動態解析を実施した(n=3)。100μgのFc、DAAP#1、VEGF−トラップ又はTie2−Fc組換えタンパク質を8週齢の雄C57BL/6マウス(体重約25g)に皮下注射した後、1時間、2時間、4時間、8時間、12時間、24時間、48時間、96時間及び144時間で、尾静脈から血液試料を採取した(図22)。VEGF−A結合ELISA法によって、DAAP#1及びVEGF−トラップタンパク質の血清レベルを測定し、Ang2結合ELISA法によって、Tie2−Fcの血清レベルを測定した。捕捉抗体として、ヒトIgG1に対するマウスモノクローナル抗体(クローン番号2C11、Abcam AB1927)と、検出抗体として、ホースラディッシュペルオキシダーゼ(HRP)結合ヤギ抗ヒトFc抗体(希釈率1:10000、Sigma-Aldrich A0170)とを使用するサンドウィッチELISA法によって、Fcタンパク質の血清レベルを測定した。Fc、DAAP#1、VEGF−トラップ及びTie2−Fcの半減期(T1/2)は、約200時間、約48時間、約24時間及び約12時間であった(図23)。そのため、皮下投与後の血中のDAAP#1の消失が、血中のVEGF−トラップの消失よりも遅かった(図23)。
腫瘍成長に対するDAAP#1の効果を調べるために、1×106個の緑色蛍光タンパク質タグ付与ルイス肺癌(GFP−LLC)細胞を、8週齢の雄C57BL/6マウスの剪毛した右脇腹域に皮下移植した。移植の5日後、処理のためにマウスを5つの群に分けた:群1(n=4)、PBS(100μl);群2(n=4)、Fc(25mg/kg);群3(n=4)、DAAP#1(25mg/kg);群4(n=4)、VEGF−トラップ(25mg/kg);群5(n=4)、Tie2−Fc(25mg/kg)。これらの作用物質を隔日ごとに皮下注射した(図24)。幅×長さ×深さ×0.5の式を用いて、キャリパーで6日ごとに成長腫瘍のサイズを測定した。
指定日での腫瘍血管の変化を調べるために、組み合せた麻酔薬(80mg/kgのケタミン及び12mg/kgのキシラジン)の筋肉内注射によって、GFP−LLC細胞を移植したマウスを麻酔し、PBS中の1%パラホルムアルデヒドの全身血管潅流によって腫瘍を固定し、取り出して、組織凍結培地(Leica, Nussioch, Germany)に埋め込み、10μmの厚さで低温切開した。室温で1時間、PBST(PBS中、0.3%トリトンX−100)中の5%ロバ血清で遮断した後、組織切片を抗マウスPECAM−1抗体、ハムスタークローン2H8、1:1000(Chemicon International, Temecula, CA)とインキュベートした。PBST中で何回か洗浄した後、室温で2時間、試料をCy3結合抗ハムスターIgG抗体、1:1000(Jackson ImmunoResearch)とインキュベートした。蛍光シグナルを視覚化し、Zeissの倒立顕微鏡、ZeissのApoTome顕微鏡又はアルゴン及びヘリウムネオンレーザーを備えたZeissのLSM510共焦点顕微鏡(Carl Zeiss)を使用して、デジタル画像を撮った。ImageJソフトウェア(http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij)での写真解析を用いて、又はモノクロ電荷結合素子(CCD)カメラと接続されたZeissのApoTome顕微鏡及び画像解析ソフトウェア(AxioVision、Zeiss)を用いてPECAM−1免疫染色によって、腫瘍組織切片における血管の形態及び密度の測定を行った。
網膜での血管漏出及び浮腫を伴う異常な眼の血管新生は、糖尿病性網膜症及び加齢性黄斑変性症の主な原因である。新生児のマウスを過酸素雰囲気に曝すことで、異常な眼の血管新生を有するマウスモデルを作製することができ、これは「未熟児網膜症(ROP)又は酸素誘導性網膜症」である(図27)。C57/BL6野生型マウスで、酸素誘導性網膜症を誘導した。生後7日目(P7)〜中心網膜の毛細血管床での血管閉塞及び血管発生の停止が起こるP12で、新生児のマウス及びその乳母を75%酸素に曝した(PRO−OX110チャンバー酸素制御装置を使用した)(図27)。P12に動物を正常酸素室の空気条件に戻し、中心網膜を虚血状態及び低酸素状態にさせ、前網膜の血管新生を引き起こす(図27)。それぞれの群{PBS対照(n=4)、Fc(n=4)、Tie2−Fc(n=4)、VEGF−トラップ(n=4)、DAAP(n=4)}で、P12動物に、P16まで1日おきにそれぞれのタンパク質(25mg/kg)を皮下注射し、P17に屠殺した(図27)。
Claims (22)
- Tie2ポリペプチドの機能的部分及びVEGFR1ポリペプチドの機能的部分を含むポリペプチドをコードする単離核酸分子であって、
VEGFポリペプチド及びアンジオポエチンポリペプチドと同時に結合することが可能であるポリペプチドをコードするものであり、
前記Tie2ポリペプチドの機能的部分が、Ig様ドメイン1、Ig様ドメイン2及びTie2の細胞外ドメインの3つのEGF様ドメインのアミノ酸配列から成り、
前記VEGFR1ポリペプチドの機能的部分が、VEGFR1の細胞外ドメインのIg様ドメイン2のアミノ酸配列から成り、
前記Tie2ポリペプチドの機能的部分をコードするヌクレオチド配列が、前記VEGFR1ポリペプチドの機能的部分をコードするヌクレオチド配列の上流に位置し、
前記Tie2及びVEGFR1ポリペプチドの機能的部分を含むポリペプチドをコードするヌクレオチド配列が、多量体を形成するポリペプチドの機能的部分をコードするヌクレオチド配列と作動可能に連結する、核酸分子。 - 多量体を形成するポリペプチドの機能的部分が免疫グロブリンドメインである、請求項1に記載の核酸分子。
- 免疫グロブリンドメインが、IgGのFcドメイン、IgGの重鎖、及びIgGの軽鎖から成る群から選択される、請求項2に記載の核酸分子。
- DAAP#1と称される配列番号2に示されるアミノ酸配列をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む、請求項1に記載の核酸分子。
- 請求項1に記載の核酸分子からなるヌクレオチド配列が発現制御配列と作動可能に連結したヌクレオチド配列を含む発現ベクター。
- 請求項5に記載の発現ベクターを含む融合ポリペプチドを好適な宿主細胞において産生する、宿主ベクター系。
- 好適な宿主細胞が、細菌細胞、酵母細胞、昆虫細胞又は哺乳動物細胞である、請求項6に記載の宿主ベクター系。
- 請求項1に記載の単離核酸分子がコードする融合ポリペプチド。
- 融合ポリペプチドを産生する方法であって、該融合ポリペプチドの産生を可能にし、産生された該融合ポリペプチドを回収できる条件下で、請求項6に記載の宿主ベクター系の細胞を成長させることを含む、方法。
- 請求項1に記載の核酸分子がコードする融合ポリペプチドであって、アセチル化又はペグ化によって修飾されている、融合ポリペプチド。
- 請求項8に記載の融合ポリペプチドを有効成分として含む、哺乳動物における血漿漏出を低減又は阻害するための薬剤。
- 哺乳動物がヒトである、請求項11に記載の薬剤。
- 請求項8に記載の融合ポリペプチドを有効成分として含む、哺乳動物における血管成長を遮断するための薬剤。
- 請求項8に記載の融合ポリペプチドを有効成分として含む、哺乳動物におけるVEGF受容体リガンド及びTie2リガンドの活性を阻害するための薬剤。
- 請求項8に記載の融合ポリペプチドを有効成分として含む、哺乳動物における腫瘍成長を軽減又は予防するための薬剤。
- 請求項8に記載の融合ポリペプチドを有効成分として含む、ヒトにおける浮腫を軽減又は予防するための薬剤。
- 浮腫が脳浮腫である、請求項16に記載の薬剤。
- 請求項8に記載の融合ポリペプチドを有効成分として含む、ヒトにおける腹水形成を軽減又は予防するための薬剤。
- 腹水が卵巣癌に関連する、請求項18に記載の薬剤。
- ポリペプチドが抗体ではない、請求項1に記載の核酸分子。
- 請求項8に記載の融合ポリペプチドを有効成分として含む、被験体における炎症性血管新生によって引き起こされる症状を治療するための薬剤。
- 症状が関節リウマチである、請求項21に記載の薬剤。
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