JP5543086B2 - 半導体装置及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5543086B2 JP5543086B2 JP2008166390A JP2008166390A JP5543086B2 JP 5543086 B2 JP5543086 B2 JP 5543086B2 JP 2008166390 A JP2008166390 A JP 2008166390A JP 2008166390 A JP2008166390 A JP 2008166390A JP 5543086 B2 JP5543086 B2 JP 5543086B2
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- thermal expansion
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Description
しかしながら、配線基板と、当該配線基板に搭載される半導体チップとの間の熱膨張率の差に起因した半導体装置の反りや応力については考慮されておらず、半導体チップの端部近傍位置、特に4隅近傍位置で半田ボールが破断するという問題がある。
本発明の半導体装置は、一面に接続パッドを有し、他面に前記接続パッドと電気的に接続された複数のランドを有する配線基板と、前記配線基板の一面に搭載された少なくとも1以上の半導体チップと、前記半導体チップに設けられた電極パッドと、前記電極パッドと前記接続パッドとを電気的に接続するワイヤと、少なくとも前記半導体チップと前記ワイヤとを覆う絶縁性樹脂からなる封止体と、を具備してなる半導体装置において、前記封止体が、前記半導体チップの熱膨張係数に近似した熱膨張係数を有する材料によって構成される第1絶縁材料層と、前記配線基板を構成する絶縁材料基板の熱膨張係数と近似した熱膨張係数を有する材料によって構成される第2絶縁材料層とが積層されてなり、前記第1絶縁材料層が、前記半導体チップの搭載領域を除いた前記配線基板の一面上に積層されるとともに前記半導体チップの側面と接するように形成され、前記第2絶縁材料層が、前記半導体チップ及び前記第1絶縁材料層の上に積層されていることを特徴とする。
また、本発明の半導体装置の製造方法は、一面に接続パッドを有し、他面に前記接続パッドと電気的に接続された複数のランドを有する配線基板上に半導体チップを搭載する工程と、前記接続パッドと前記半導体チップに設けられた電極パッドとをワイヤを用いて電気接続する工程と、少なくとも前記半導体チップと前記ワイヤとを絶縁性樹脂からなる封止体を用いて覆う封止工程とを備えた半導体装置の製造方法において、前記封止工程において、前記半導体チップの熱膨張係数に近似した熱膨張係数を有する材料からなる第1絶縁材料層を、前記半導体チップの搭載領域を除いた前記配線基板の一面上に積層するとともに前記半導体チップの側面と接するように形成し、前記配線基板を構成する絶縁材料基板の熱膨張係数と近似した熱膨張係数を有する材料によって構成される第2絶縁材料層を、前記半導体チップ及び前記第1絶縁材料層の上に積層することを特徴とする。
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態である半導体装置1を示す断面図であり、図2は半導体装置1の底面図である。
図2に示すように、配線基板2は、例えば0.25mm厚のガラスエポキシ基板などからなる平面視略四角形の基材に、所定の配線が形成されて構成されている。前記配線は部分的に図示略の絶縁膜で覆われている。前記絶縁膜としては、例えばソルダーレジストを例示でき、ガラスエポキシ基板の両面に積層されている。
配線基板2の一面2aの配線の前記絶縁膜から露出された部位には、複数の接続パッド3が形成されており、配線基板2の他面2bの配線の前記絶縁膜から露出された部位には、複数のランド4が形成されている。そして接続パッド3とこれに対応するランド4とは配線基板2の配線によりそれぞれ電気的に接続されている。
複数のランド4には、それぞれ外部端子となる半田ボール5が搭載されており、半田ボール5は、図2に示すように所定の間隔で格子状に配置されている。
また半導体チップ7の上面7aには複数の電極パッド8が形成されており、電極パッド8を除く半導体チップ7の上面7aには図示略のパッシベーション膜が形成され、回路形成面を保護している。
電極パッド8は、それぞれ対応する接続パッド3と導電性のワイヤ9により結線されている。これにより、電極パッド8と接続パッド3とが電気的に接続されている。ワイヤ9は例えばAu、Cu等からなる。
熱膨張係数αの異なる樹脂は、例えばフィラーの含有量等を変えることによって得られ、具体的には、封止樹脂に含まれるフィラーの量を多くすることで熱膨張係数αは低く、フィラーの量を少なくすることで熱膨張係数αは高くすることができる。フィラーとしては、ガラス繊維を例示できる。
封止体10は、熱膨張係数αの低い第1の樹脂(第1絶縁材料層)11と熱膨張係数αの高い第2の樹脂(第2絶縁材料層)12とによって構成されている。
第2の樹脂12は、半導体チップ7及び第1の樹脂11の上に積層されている。
また、半導体チップ7の上面7aと、第1の樹脂11の上には、熱膨張係数αの高い第2の樹脂12が配置される。第2の樹脂12の熱膨張係数αは、配線基板2、ここではガラスエポキシ樹脂の熱膨張係数αである13×10−6/℃に合わせて、12〜14×10−6/℃程度、好ましくは13×10−6/℃に構成されている。
なお、第2の樹脂12は、配線基板2との熱膨張のバランスが取れていれば、配線基板2と異なる厚さで構成しても構わない。
これにより、半導体チップ7と第1の樹脂11とが、配線基板2及び第2の樹脂12に対して、それぞれほぼ同程度のひずみを加えることになり、半導体装置1全体として反りが抑制される。
また、第1の樹脂11と第2の樹脂12は、ともにエポキシ樹脂を材質としているので、第1の樹脂11と第2の樹脂12の密着性は高まり、第1の樹脂11と第2の樹脂12との剥離を防止できる。
さらに半導体チップ7の上面7aに配線基板2の熱膨張係数αに近似した熱膨張係数αの高い第2の樹脂12を設けるように構成したことにより、半導体チップ7と第1の樹脂11の上下の熱膨張のバランスを向上することができ、半導体チップ7と配線基板2間、及び封止体10と配線基板2間の熱膨張の差に起因する反りを低減できる。
さらに第1の樹脂11の厚さと、第2の樹脂12の厚さがそれぞれ均一となる為、封止体10の熱膨張のバランスも向上し、樹脂厚の差に起因した反りを低減することができる。
さらに、半導体装置1をPoP(Package On Package)に用いる場合には、図3に示すように、組み合わせる半導体装置の反り状態に関係なく、半導体装置間を良好に接続することができる。また、半導体装置1の反りが低減したことで、半導体装置の積層数を増やすことができ、高密度実装につながる。
図4は、本実施形態の半導体装置1の製造フローを示す断面図である。
まず本実施形態に用いられる配線母基板13は、MAP(MoldArray Process)方式で処理されるものであり、複数の製品形成部14がマトリクス状に配置されている。
製品形成部14は、切断分離した後に、前述の配線基板2となる部位であり、配線基板2と同様の構成からなる。
また製品形成部14間はダイシングライン16となる。
このようにして、図4(a)に示すような配線母基板13が準備される。
そして半導体チップ7の上面7aに形成された電極パッド8と、製品形成部14の接続パッド3とを導電性のワイヤ9により結線する。
ワイヤ9は例えばAu等からなり、図示略のワイヤボンディング装置により、溶融され先端にボールが形成されたワイヤ9を、半導体チップ7の電極パッド8上に超音波熱圧着することで接続し、その後、所定のループ形状を描き、ワイヤ9の後端を対応する接続パッド3上に超音波熱圧着することで形成される。
枠体17は、例えば配線母基板13の枠部15と同様な形状であり、厚さは半導体チップ7の厚さと同じ厚さに構成している。
なお、枠体17は、ポッティング量を制御すれば、半導体チップ7の厚さ以上の構成としても構わない。
第1の樹脂11は、例えば熱膨張係数αが低いエポキシ系の樹脂、例えば熱膨張係数αが2〜4×10−6/℃程度の樹脂が用いられ、好ましくは半導体チップの材料となるSi(シリコン)の熱膨張係数αである3×10−6/℃に近似した樹脂を用いる。
なお、枠体17は封止樹脂を塞き止める役割を果たしている。
なお、第1の樹脂11は、配線母基板13に搭載された半導体チップ7の上面7aと同じ高さに形成するのが好ましいが、半導体チップ7の上面7aに近似した高さで封止体を形成しても構わない。
その後、配線母基板13から枠体17を除去することで、図5(d)に示すように半導体チップ7の周囲に第1の樹脂11が形成された配線母基板13が得られる。
配線母基板13を上型19と下型20で型締めされることで、配線母基板13の一面13a側には所定の大きさのキャビティ21やゲート部22が形成される。
なお、本実施形態ではMAP方式で構成されているため、キャビティ21は複数の製品形成部14を一括で覆う大きさで構成されている。
第2の樹脂12は、例えば熱硬化性のエポキシ系の樹脂であって、熱膨張係数αが、配線基板2、ここではガラスエポキシ樹脂の熱膨張係数αである13×10−6/℃に合わせて、12〜14×10−6/℃程度、好ましくは13×10−6/℃に近似した樹脂を用いる。
その結果、配線母基板13の反りに起因する搬送トラブルを低減でき、製造効率を向上できる。
また配線母基板13に搭載された半導体チップ7の周囲を、第1の樹脂11により封止することで、ワイヤ9が第1の樹脂11により固定される為、第2の樹脂12の注入する際のワイヤ流れ等を低減できる。
なお、前述した理由から、配線母基板13の反りが低減している為、半田ボール5を良好に搭載することができる。
この際、第2の樹脂12をダイシングテープ24に接着し、ダイシングテープ24によって配線母基板13を支持する。
その後、配線母基板13をダイシングブレード25により縦横にダイシングライン16を切断して製品形成部14毎に個別化する。個別化完了後、ダイシングテープ24からピックアップすることで、図1に示すような半導体装置1が得られる。
図7は、第2の実施形態である半導体装置1の製造方法を示す断面図であり、半導体装置1の他の製造方法を示すものである。図7(b)に示すように、半導体チップ7の上面7aに形成された電極パッド8と、製品形成部14の接続パッド3とを導電性のワイヤ9により結線する工程までは第1の実施形態と同様である。
第2の樹脂12’には、第1の実施形態と同様に、例えば熱膨張係数αが、配線基板2、ここではガラスエポキシ樹脂の熱膨張係数αである13×10−6/℃に合わせて、12〜14×10−6/℃程度、好ましくは13×10−6/℃に近似した樹脂を用いる。
第1の樹脂11’には、第1の実施形態と同様に、例えば熱膨張係数αが2〜4×10−6/℃程度の樹脂が用いられ、好ましくは半導体チップ7の材料であるSi(シリコン)の熱膨張係数αである3×10−6/℃に近似した樹脂を用いる。
その後、上型26を下降させて、配線母基板13の一面13a側を2層の溶融された樹脂層に浸漬させる。
そして、図8(c)に示すように上型26と下型27により2層の溶融された樹脂層を圧縮することで、配線母基板13上に第1の樹脂11と第2の樹脂12とを形成する。
なお、第1の樹脂11は、配線母基板13の半導体チップ7の上面7aと略同じ高さに調整される。
これにより、配線母基板13上に異なるαの2つの樹脂層を同時に効率よく形成することができる。
次に半田ボール5の搭載された配線母基板13を、図7(e)に示すように、ダイシングライン16で切断し、製品搭載部14毎に個別化することで、図1に示すような半導体装置1が得られる。
これにより、第1の実施形態と同様、図1に示すような反りを低減した半導体装置1を形成できる。
フィラーの分布が一定となることで、フィラー量の偏りに伴う、封止体形成後の配線母基板13の反り量を低減することができる。
さらに封止樹脂の注入がなくなるため、ワイヤ流れ等の発生を低減できる。
また第1の樹脂及び第2の樹脂を同時に形成する場合には、シート状に形成された第1の樹脂と、同様にシート状に形成された第2の樹脂をキャビティ内に供給するように構成しても良い。顆粒状態で樹脂を供給する場合と比べて、よりキャビティ内に均等に2つの樹脂層を形成できる。
図9は、第3の実施形態の半導体装置1の製造方法を示す図である。
本実施形態は第1の実施形態の製造方法の変形例であり、本実施形態において、配線母基板13には図9(a)に示すように、配線母基板13の枠部15に重ねるように、封止用の枠体17’が配置される。
枠体17’は、例えば配線母基板13の枠部15と同様な形状であり、厚さは当該半導体母基板13に搭載される半導体チップ7の厚さと同じ厚さに構成している。枠体17’の内壁には傾斜部が形成されており、当該傾斜部は、枠体17’の配線母基板13接触面よりその対向面の面積が広くなるように傾斜が形成されている。
なおこの際、枠体17’は封止樹脂を塞き止める役割を果たす。
第1の樹脂11は、半導体チップ7の側面7cが充填するまで、供給される。
そして、配線母基板13から枠体17’を除去することで、半導体チップ7の周囲に第1の樹脂11が形成された配線母基板13が得られる。
本実施形態では、枠体17’に前記傾斜部を設けたことにより、枠体17’が配線母基板13から除去し易くなる。
この際、配線母基板13の第1の樹脂11には傾斜部が形成されているところ、当該傾斜部が成型金型のゲート部22側に配置されるようにする。
ゲート部22側の第1の樹脂11に傾斜部を設けたことで、第1の樹脂11の上部に第2の樹脂12が回り込み易くなる。
キャビティ21’ ’内に第2の樹脂12が充填された後、所定の温度、例えば180℃程度で熱硬化することで、配線母基板13の第1の樹脂11と半導体チップ7の上に図9(c)に示すように第2の樹脂12が形成される。
以上により、第1の実施形態と同様、図1に示すような反りを低減した半導体装置1が形成できる。
図10は、第4の実施形態の半導体装置1’を示す断面図である。
本実施形態は、複数の半導体チップ7’を搭載したMCP(Multi Chip Package)に適用した場合を示す実施形態である。
図10に示すように、配線基板2に複数の半導体チップ7’を搭載した半導体装置1’においては、最上に位置する半導体チップの上面7a’の近傍位置まで、第1の樹脂11を形成する。
そして第1の樹脂11と最上位の半導体チップの上面7a’の上に、第2の樹脂12を形成する。
その結果、半導体チップ7’の積層状態に関係なく、MCPにおける熱膨張係数のバランスが良くなり、第1の実施形態と同様な効果が得られる。
また最上位の半導体チップがフリップチップ接続される場合には、最上位の半導体チップの底面7b’の近傍位置まで、第1の樹脂11を形成することで、対応可能である。
例えば本実施形態では、ガラスエポキシ基材からなる配線基板を用いた場合について説明したが、ポリイミド基材からなるフレキシブル基板等、他の基材の配線基板に適用することも可能である。
例えばポリイミド基材からなるフレキシブル配線基板を用いた場合には、第2の樹脂による封止部を、例えばポリイミド樹脂の線膨張係数αに合せて、20〜25×10−6/℃程度とすることで、適用することができる。
またBGA型の半導体装置について説明したが、LGA(Land Grid Array)等、他の半導体装置にも適用できる。
Claims (4)
- 一面に接続パッドを有し、他面に前記接続パッドと電気的に接続された複数のランドを有する配線基板と、
前記配線基板の一面に搭載された少なくとも1以上の半導体チップと、
前記半導体チップに設けられた電極パッドと、
前記電極パッドと前記接続パッドとを電気的に接続するワイヤと、
少なくとも前記半導体チップと前記ワイヤとを覆う絶縁性樹脂からなる封止体と、を具備してなる半導体装置において、
前記封止体が、前記半導体チップの熱膨張係数に合致する2×10 -6 /℃〜4×10 -6 /℃の熱膨張係数を有する材料によって構成される第1絶縁材料層と、前記配線基板を構成する絶縁材料基板の熱膨張係数に合致する12×10 -6 /℃〜14×10 -6 /℃の熱膨張係数を有する材料によって構成される第2絶縁材料層とが積層されてなり、
前記第1絶縁材料層が、前記半導体チップの搭載領域を除いた前記配線基板の一面上に積層されるとともに前記半導体チップの側面と接するように形成され、
前記第2絶縁材料層が、前記半導体チップ及び前記第1絶縁材料層の上に積層されていることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 前記第1絶縁材料層の厚さが、前記半導体チップの厚さと等しいことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第1絶縁材料層が、前記第2絶縁材料層より、ガラス繊維が多く含まれているエポキシ樹脂で構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置。
- 一面に接続パッドを有し、他面に前記接続パッドと電気的に接続された複数のランドを有する配線基板上に半導体チップを搭載する工程と、
前記接続パッドと前記半導体チップに設けられた電極パッドとをワイヤを用いて電気接続する工程と、
少なくとも前記半導体チップと前記ワイヤとを絶縁性樹脂からなる封止体を用いて覆う封止工程とを備えた半導体装置の製造方法において、
前記封止工程において、
前記半導体チップの熱膨張係数に合致する2×10 -6 /℃〜4×10 -6 /℃の熱膨張係数を有する材料からなる第1絶縁材料層を、前記半導体チップの搭載領域を除いた前記配線基板の一面上に積層するとともに前記半導体チップの側面と接するように形成し、
前記配線基板を構成する絶縁材料基板の熱膨張係数に合致する12×10 -6 /℃〜14×10 -6 /℃の熱膨張係数を有する材料によって構成される第2絶縁材料層を、前記半導体チップ及び前記第1絶縁材料層の上に積層することを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。
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